Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a024.06.2017<\/p>\n
1980\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nan \u2018Ke\u015fmir sorunu\u2019, Hindistan-Pakistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda Ke\u015fmir ile Jammu-Ke\u015fmir ad\u0131yla iki b\u00f6lgenin siyasi belirsizli\u011fe mahkum edilmesinden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Konunun \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemine kadar uzanan boyutu kadar, 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pakistan ve Hindistan ad\u0131yla kurulan iki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletin Ke\u015fmir b\u00f6lgesi \u00fczerindeki siyasi ve askeri inisiyatifleri de birlikte ele al\u0131nmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n
Konu, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde bir \u2018prenslik\u2019 y\u00f6netimine tabi olan Ke\u015fmir halk\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ya da otonom stat\u00fcs\u00fc verilip verilmemesiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Aksine Pakistan ve Hindistan taraf\u0131ndan Ke\u015fmir ba\u011flam\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan jeo-stratejik ve politik \u00e7\u0131kar hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6zlerden uzak tutulur bir yan\u0131 bulunmuyor. Bu durum, her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda Ke\u015fmir halk\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131ndaki \u00e7evrelerin, Ke\u015fmir \u00fczerinden daha geni\u015f bir jeo-politik kurgularla hareket ettiklerinin tespitinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Ke\u015fmir<\/strong><\/p>\n 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin \u2018prenslik\u2019 stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki Ke\u015fmir y\u00f6netiminin siyasi entegrasyon konusunda Hindistan ve Pakistan aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmada ge\u00e7ikmesinin bu iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda neden oldu\u011fu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, bug\u00fcne kadar Ke\u015fmir\u2019in iki farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lge stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesine neden oldu. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, kuzeydeki Ke\u015fmir b\u00f6lgesi Pakistan\u2019\u0131n, g\u00fcneydeki Jammu-Ke\u015fmir ise Hindistan\u2019\u0131n siyasi kontrol\u00fcnde bulunuyor. Pek de g\u00fcndeme getirilmeyen bir di\u011fer husus ise, Ke\u015fmir\u2019i olu\u015fturan co\u011frafyan\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in egemenli\u011finde olu\u015fudur. Hem de bunun Pakistan ve \u00c7in aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir siyasi i\u015fbirli\u011fi neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n Hindistan i\u015fgali<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu \u015fartlarda, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyetini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve 1980\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgesi olarak uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelen Jammu-Ke\u015fmir\u2019in Hindistan y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu tezat tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz. Jammu-Ke\u015fmir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumunun sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dini ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin Hindistan siyasi y\u00f6netimince yads\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu ma\u011fduriyetler bu tezat\u0131n can al\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n Bu ba\u011flamda, Hindistan taraf\u0131ndan siyasi ve askeri \u2018i\u015fgale\u2019 maruz kalan Jammu-Ke\u015fmir\u2019de son d\u00f6nemde artma e\u011filimi g\u00f6steren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n yo\u011fun askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayal\u0131 kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 son derece a\u00e7\u0131k. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca Asya medeniyetlerinin \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden biri kabul edilen Hindistan\u2019\u0131n 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 etnik olu\u015fumlara ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Ke\u015fmir b\u00f6lgesine huzur getirecek siyasi ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmas\u0131 beklentisi y\u00fcksek. Sorun Hindistan i\u00e7erisinde bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak etkin ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kanallar\u0131n birbiriyle ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131nda yat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Yerel siyaset ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00f6lgeye \u2018bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 getirme, en az\u0131ndan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131 asgari d\u00fczeye indirme \u00e7abas\u0131 kadar, halk\u0131n sosyo-ekonomik geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmas\u0131 beklenen Jammu-Ke\u015fmir\u2019deki siyasi partilerin ve b\u00f6lge y\u00f6netiminin bu konuda olumlu ad\u0131mlar at\/a\/mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortada. 2014 se\u00e7imlerinde Jammu-Ke\u015fmir\u2019i temsil etti\u011fi ifade edilen Ulusal Konferans partisi yerine ge\u00e7en se\u00e7imlerde Hindistan\u2019da 2014\u2019de ba\u015fbakan \u00e7\u0131karan ve parlamentoda \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 tesis eden Hindu milliyet\u00e7isi duru\u015fuyla tan\u0131nan Baharatija Janata Partisi\u2019yle koalisyon kuran Halk\u0131n Demokrasi Partisi\u2019nin icraatlar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar sorunun halli konusunda bir mesafe kat etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n Ulusal Konferans partisine alternatif olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Halk\u0131n Demokrasi partisinin geni\u015f kitlelere y\u00f6nelik umut vaad eden iyi bir y\u00f6netim sergileyememesi, yukar\u0131da dile getirilen son d\u00f6nemdeki geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 eylemlerin \u00f6nemli bir sebebini olu\u015fturuyor. Jammu-Ke\u015fmir b\u00f6lgesindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi iddias\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lge partilerinin geni\u015f kesimlere umut a\u015f\u0131layamamas\u0131, merkezi y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 Ke\u015fmir sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde at\u0131l kald\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, kendi yak\u0131n \u00e7evrelerini kay\u0131ran ve siyasi ve ekonomik yolsuzluklar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getiren bir s\u00fcrece yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Bu ise hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, k\u0131s\u0131r bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc olarak kitlelerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Pakistan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan, kuzeydeki Ke\u015fmir\u2019in de Pakistan\u2019\u0131n egemenli\u011finde olmas\u0131n\u0131n da ele\u015ftirilmeye matuf bir yan\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlerden uzak tutulamaz. Pakistan\u2019\u0131n gerek ulusal ba\u011flam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde gerekse Afganistan \u00f6zelinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel ve\/ya uluslararas\u0131 \u2018ter\u00f6rle\u2019 ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131larla ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla g\u00fcvenlik sorununa muhatap olu\u015fu, bu \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminin Ke\u015fmir konusunda nas\u0131l bir tatmink\u00e2r ve nihai karar s\u00fcrecine katk\u0131da bulunabilece\u011finin sorgulanmas\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n Pakistan ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Ke\u015fmir\u2019i ortadan ikiye ay\u0131ran ve de facto<\/em> s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u2018kontrol hatt\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iki \u00fclke veya uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla nihai bir karara oturtulmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da Ke\u015fmir sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmeyecek. Aksine, her iki tarafta kalan aileler, alt etnik gruplar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yasal olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131yla daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc sorunlara yol a\u00e7abilecek. Bu durum, Pakistan \u2018y\u00f6netimindeki\u2019 Ke\u015fmir halk\u0131n\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeyece\u011fi de ortada.<\/p>\n \u00c7ok akt\u00f6rl\u00fc sorun <\/strong><\/p>\n Ke\u015fmir \u00fczerinde karar verme iddias\u0131ndaki bu iki \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve hatta \u00c7in\u2019in kontrol etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgede hesaba kat\u0131larak geni\u015f Ke\u015fmir b\u00f6lgesindeki halk\u0131n ne t\u00fcrden talepleri oldu\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiriyor. B\u00f6lgenin geni\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 etnik yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften tevar\u00fcs eden \u2018b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7lere eklemlenme\u2019 ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki siyasi ayr\u0131\u015fmalar, Ke\u015fmir halk\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck olgusu i\u00e7inde hareket edip edemeyece\u011fi sorusunu akla getiriyor. Bu ba\u011flamda, b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fccadele zamanla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011fi\u015fimlerle birlikte yap\u0131sal bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k olarak n\u00fcksediyor. Bu durum, Jammu-Ke\u015fmir b\u00f6lgesinde yerel siyasi partiler kadar silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele gruplar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda da kendini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n Geni\u015f halk kitleleri b\u00f6lgeye huzur ve istikrar getirecek taleplerine, siyasi partilerden kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulamamalar\u0131, onlar\u0131 \u2018\u015fiddet\u2019 sarmalar\u0131nda \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde yer almaya itiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1990\u2019lara kadar g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grubun inisiyatifinde geli\u015fen g\u00f6steriler bug\u00fcn art\u0131k kitlesel boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Yerel d\u00fczeyde faaliyet g\u00f6steren silahl\u0131 gruplar, toplumun farkl\u0131 kesimlerinden gruplar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilerde yanlar\u0131nda bulabiliyor. Geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 g\u00f6sterilerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, resmi \u00e7evrelerin \u2018ter\u00f6rist\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik halk\u0131n ku\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 duru\u015fu b\u00f6lgede al\u0131nan \u2018g\u00fcvenlik\u2019 tedbirlerinin i\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Bu anlamda, Jammu Ke\u015fmir\u2019deki bu durumu, bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Hindistan ordu komutan\u0131n\u0131n \u201cBu bir kirli sava\u015f\u201d diye diye adland\u0131rmas\u0131ndan daha iyi bir tarif olamaz.<\/p>\n Bu duruma, 1947\u2019den bu yana devam eden Hindistan i\u015fgaline yeni nesillerin verdi\u011fi tepkideki farkl\u0131la\u015fma olarak bak\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ileti\u015fim teknolojilerinin de m\u00fccadelenin kitlesel boyutlara ula\u015fmas\u0131nda, anl\u0131k ve kendili\u011finden ortya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda da kayda de\u011fer bir rol\u00fc var. Toplum kesimlerindeki bu tepki de\u011fi\u015fimine ra\u011fmen, Jammu Ke\u015fmir\u2019deki yerel ve Delhi\u2019deki merkezi otoritelerinin yap\u0131c\u0131 bir tepki vermemesi de giderek artan tepkiselli\u011fin \u00f6teki nedenini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn aciliyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n Jammu-Ke\u015fmir halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyetinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k istedi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bununla birlikte, \u00f6zellikle de Jammu-Ke\u015fmir b\u00f6lgesindeki yerel siyasette rol alan akt\u00f6rlerin ve gruplar\u0131n farkl\u0131 strateji ve metodlar\u0131, \u2018i\u015fgalci\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Hindistan merkezi y\u00f6netimi ve silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 konsantrasyonunun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir sonucu yol a\u00e7m\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Jammu-Ke\u015fmir\u2019de siyasi alanda m\u00fccadele eden gruplar ile varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bir \u2018\u0130slam devleti\u2019 kurmaya adam\u0131\u015f gruplar\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda ittifak kurarak birbirine kenetlenen bir strateji silsilesi takip etmedikleri s\u00fcrece i\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcnme, ancak merkez g\u00fcc\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131na ve hatta bask\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir s\u00fcrece i\u015faret etmiyor.<\/p>\n Bu ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n k\u00f6r\u00fcklenmesinde b\u00f6lgede verilen hakl\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin uluslararas\u0131 ter\u00f6rizmle ili\u015fkilendirilebilecek ara\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelmesi oluyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin DEA\u015e sendromunun G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131nda kendini ortaya koymas\u0131na benzer bir durumun Ke\u015fmir m\u00fccadelesine fayda getirmeyece\u011fini tahmin etmek g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fil. B\u00f6ylesi bir e\u011filim, sadece Ke\u015fmir\u2019de alimlerin ve geni\u015f halk kesimlerinin de\u011fil, Ke\u015fmir m\u00fccadelesini takip eden b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitlelerde de konunun alg\u0131lanmas\u0131nda negatif bir e\u011filimin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a024.06.2017 1980\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-banglades","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2040"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2042,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2040\/revisions\/2042"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}