{"id":1946,"date":"2017-03-27T15:10:04","date_gmt":"2017-03-27T15:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=1946"},"modified":"2017-03-27T23:01:18","modified_gmt":"2017-03-27T23:01:18","slug":"hollanda-savasi-ve-aceh-dun-ve-bugun-dutch-war-and-aceh-past-and-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/hollanda-savasi-ve-aceh-dun-ve-bugun-dutch-war-and-aceh-past-and-today\/","title":{"rendered":"Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Aceh: D\u00fcn ve Bug\u00fcn \/ Dutch War and Aceh: Past and Today"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a027.03.2017<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">26 Mart 1873 tarihi geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n son \u2018ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\u2019 b\u00f6lgesi A\u00e7e Dar\u00fcsselam Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ve emperyalist Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihtir. 144 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu istila kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda A\u00e7e devletinin ve halk\u0131n\u0131n ni\u00e7in ve nas\u0131l bir m\u00fccadele sergiledi\u011fi konusu bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi koruyan bir \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu sava\u015f ve \u00f6ncesindeki geli\u015fmeler Hollanda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Tak\u0131madalar\u2019daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ve ard\u0131ndan emparyalist varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamada kilometre ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00d6te yandan, sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde A\u00e7e Dar\u00fcsselam Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durum, istila giri\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan tedbirler ve siyasi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla incelenmeyi hak eder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu anlamda Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netiminin 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinden ba\u015flayarak y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda Ada\u2019n\u0131n Padang yani Bat\u0131 Sumatra ile bug\u00fcn Medan olarak bilinen o d\u00f6nemde ise Deli olarak an\u0131lan Kuzey Sumatra\u2019ya n\u00fcfuzu ve s\u00f6z konusu bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki sultanl\u0131klar\u0131 hegemonyas\u0131 alt\u0131na almas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7eker. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, A\u00e7e Dar\u00fcsselam Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Singkil, Barus\u2019a n\u00fcfuz etme \u00e7abalar\u0131 da ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6te yandan, Kuzey Sumatra\u2019daki site \u015fehir devletleri h\u00fcviyetindeki sultanl\u0131klar Hollanda istilas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendilerini A\u00e7e Dar\u00fcsselam Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir t\u00fcr vasal devlet olarak lanse etmeleri, A\u00e7e\u2019nin Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki \u00f6nemini ortaya koyar. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131nda birdenbire meydana gelmedi\u011fini, aksine Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netiminin bilin\u00e7i ve kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak zamana yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 emperyal politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak uygun zaman\u0131 kollamak suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A\u00e7e siyasi elitinin, Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131na paralel olarak ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonu \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fckleri ve bu anlamda baz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar yol aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ine girdikleri biliniyor. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zellikleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde baz\u0131 Avrupa milletlerinin b\u00f6lgedeki temsilcileriyle temaslar\u0131 kadar, bizatihi Avrupa\u2019daki merkezi y\u00f6netimlerine g\u00f6nderilen el\u00e7ilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. A\u00e7e y\u00f6netiminin 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131nda ve son \u00e7eyre\u011fine do\u011fru d\u00f6nemin halifelik merkezine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi el\u00e7ilerle dini ve siyasi ittifak aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na yeni bir \u00f6rnek oldu\u011funa ifade etmek gerekir. Bu ba\u011flamda, tetrar etmekte fayda var ki, A\u00e7e Dar\u00fcsselam Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu siyasi ve dini anlamdaki ittifak te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ilk defa yap\u0131yor de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu ba\u011flamda, bug\u00fcn dahi \u0130slam Birli\u011fi veya Pan-\u0130slam olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan politikalarla ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerde 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahtta \u00e7\u0131kan 2. Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6nemi politikalar\u0131 hat\u0131rlanmakla birlikte, bu politikalar\u0131n siyasi ve dini boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 hem siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve eylem boyutlar\u0131yla A\u00e7e siyasi elitinin ortaya koydu\u011funu dikkatlere sunmak gerekir. Bununla birlikte, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l erken d\u00f6nem ve ilgili y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerindeki siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve pratikler kadar, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki boyutunun da bug\u00fcne kadar \u00f6nemle ele al\u0131nabildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7. Bu durum, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, merkez-\u00e7evre ili\u015fkisinde s\u00fcrekli merkezi \u00f6n plana alan yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n aksine, \u00e7evrenin etkin boyutunun da var oldu\u011fu ve bunun s\u00fcreklilik arz ederek merkezde baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli fikir ve eylemleri tetikleyici rol\u00fc oldu\u011funu iddia etmek durumunday\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bununla birlikte, A\u00e7e Dar\u00fcsselam Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7oktan geride b\u0131rakmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, sahip oldu\u011fu jeo-stratejik ve jeo-ekonomik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara konu oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde bile, Tak\u0131madalar\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrme e\u011filimindeki Avrupal\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci milletlerle \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 boyutlarda etkile\u015fimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, A\u00e7e siyasi elitinin 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fartlar\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fin Penang ve Singapur gibi b\u00f6lgenin modernle\u015fmede lokomotif g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren iki Ada\u2019s\u0131yla yak\u0131n etkile\u015fimine ra\u011fmen, \u0130ngilizlerin A\u00e7e devletini muhatap al\u0131p ittifak kuracak ve hatta Hindistan ve \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli ticaret s\u00fcrecinde A\u00e7e liman \u015fehirlerini aktarma organ\u0131 olarak i\u015flevselle\u015ftirecek bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilemesine ra\u011fmen, A\u00e7e\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli ba\u011flamlar\u0131yla modernle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin yerine getirilemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu noktada, siyasi elitin b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel ticari faaliyetlerdeki yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131, d\u00f6nemin ula\u015ft\u0131rma hizmetlerindeki kalk\u0131nmac\u0131 y\u00f6nelimlerini, e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n revizyonu, yay\u0131n ve bas\u0131n faaliyetlerinde geli\u015fmelere ayak uydurma gibi alanlarda -en az\u0131ndan \u015fu ana kadarki veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda- bir inisiyatif geli\u015ftirmedi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, g\u00f6rece taht kavgalar\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel ticarette rol kapma hedefindeki merkez ve \u00e7evredeki ticaret lobilerinin \u00e7\u0131kar temelli m\u00fccadeleleri A\u00e7e\u2019de siyasi ve ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n yerine getirilmesi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engelleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu noktada, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u2018b\u00f6l-y\u00f6net\u2019 takti\u011fi gibi kli\u015fe bir yakla\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131nda olan biteni pasif bir alana hapsetmek anlams\u0131z bir giri\u015fim olacakt\u0131r. Aksine, sadece 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l de\u011fil, \u0130slamla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin erken d\u00f6nemlerinden itibaren Tak\u0131madalar b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6nde gelen bir siyasi, dini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel merkez olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi sergilemi\u015f bir mirasa sahip A\u00e7e devletinin, t\u00fcm bu birikimlere ra\u011fmen, zamanla duraklama ve gerileme d\u00f6nemlerine ge\u00e7i\u015fine dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekir. Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu s\u00fcrecin ad\u0131na \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131 denilen b\u00fct\u00fcndeki \u2018kaymalar\u2019la ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z ele al\u0131namayacak genele matuf y\u00f6nleri oldu\u011funu da ileri s\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu ve benzeri m\u00fclahazalar\u0131n kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nemli ara\u015ft\u0131rma konular\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ymeke gerekir. Aradan ge\u00e7en 147 y\u0131la ra\u011fmen, o d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131ndaki sorunlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 vecheleriyle bug\u00fcn de A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgede varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. A\u00e7e \u00f6zelinde 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan sava\u015f\u0131n incelenmesi o d\u00f6nem kadar bug\u00fcn\u00fc anlamland\u0131rmada da \u00f6nemli bir veri sa\u011flayaca\u011fn\u0131 ku\u015fku yoktur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a027.03.2017 26 Mart 1873 tarihi geni\u015f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1950,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1946"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1951,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1946\/revisions\/1951"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}