{"id":1919,"date":"2017-03-03T15:19:09","date_gmt":"2017-03-03T15:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=1919"},"modified":"2017-03-03T15:19:09","modified_gmt":"2017-03-03T15:19:09","slug":"45-yilinda-abd-baskani-nixonun-cin-ziyareti-45th-anniversary-of-nixons-visit-to-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/45-yilinda-abd-baskani-nixonun-cin-ziyareti-45th-anniversary-of-nixons-visit-to-china\/","title":{"rendered":"45. y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nixon\u2019un \u00c7in Ziyareti \/ 45th Anniversary of Nixon\u2019s Visit to China"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 03.03.2017<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015euban ay\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnleri, ABD ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan Richard Nixon\u2019un 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaretin 45. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne tekab\u00fcl ediyordu. Do\u011furdu\u011fu sonu\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu hadiseyi, \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesinin y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olarak adland\u0131rmak ta m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi bu y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemsedi\u011finin bir ifadesi olarak ba\u015fbakandan daha k\u0131demli konumdaki Yang Jiechi\u2019yi ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi.\u00a0 Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc vesilesiyle baz\u0131 toplant\u0131lar tertip edilirken, ziyaretin sadece o y\u0131llarda kalan bir \u2018an\u0131\u2019 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine bug\u00fcnlere kadar etkisi devam eden bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ele al\u0131nmay\u0131 hak ediyor. Nixon\u2019un o d\u00f6nem s\u00fcpriz addedilen ziyareti ABD-\u00c7in ili\u015fkilerinin seyrini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi kadar, uluslararas\u0131 siyasette yeni bir d\u00f6neme girildi\u011fine de i\u015faret ediyordu. Ziyaret \u2018Nixon\u2019 ad\u0131yla an\u0131lsa da, bu ziyaretin mimar\u0131 ise Nixon\u2019un ulusal g\u00fcvenlik dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Henry Kissinger\u2019d\u0131. Kissenger 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018gizli\u2019 ziyaretle Nixon\u2019un \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an ve ABD-\u00c7in ili\u015fkilerini yap\u0131land\u0131ran ki\u015fi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Ziyaret, Nixon\u2019un 21 \u015eubat 1972\u2019de Pekin havaliman\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin \u00c7in Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Chou En-lai\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mao Tse-tung\u2019la bir saat s\u00fcren bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinin ard\u0131ndan, ba\u015fbakan Chou en-Lai ile her g\u00fcn yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler iki \u00fclkeyi birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131rmaya matuf geli\u015firken, 27 \u015eubat\u2019ta imzalanan \u2018\u015eangay Tebli\u011fi\u2019yle ta\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu ziyaretin y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Kaliforniya\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lan \u00c7in konsolosu Liu Jian yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, s\u00f6z konusu bu ziyareti Nixon\u2019un 45 y\u0131ll\u0131k miras\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirerek aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreye ra\u011fmen, etkisini yitirmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. \u2018Nixon Vakf\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bill Baribault ise, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin ticaret ve ekonomik i\u015fbirli\u011fi boyutuna dikkat \u00e7ekerken, \u2018\u015eangay Ruhu\u2019nun devam\u0131n\u0131 dile getiriyordu. Bu iki ifade de asl\u0131nda 45 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki geli\u015fmeyi sade bir tonla hat\u0131rlatmaktan \u00f6te, Tayvan \u00fczerinden \u2018Tek \u00c7in\u2019 politikas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ucu a\u00e7\u0131k mesajlar\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde verdi\u011fi i\u00e7e kapanma sinyalleriyle ba\u015fta \u00c7in\u2019le olmak \u00fczere k\u00fcresel ticarete \u2018darbe\u2019 vurmaya matuf \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile g\u00fcndem olu\u015fturan ABD\u2019nin \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi burnunda ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump\u2019a mesaj niteli\u011findeydi.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle Nixon ziyaretinin y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc, sadece Amerikan tarihine de\u011fil, k\u00fcresel anlamda d\u00f6neme damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmak isteyen Trump\u2019\u0131n, d\u0131\u015f politikada ve k\u00fcresel ekonomide kayda de\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fimlerin ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu g\u00fcnlerde daha farkl\u0131 bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131yor. 45 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131nda her ikisi de Cumhuriyet\u00e7i partiye mensup iki ba\u015fkan\u0131n yani, Nixon ile Trump\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in politikalar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 olarak incelenmesi gibi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir durumda s\u00f6z konusu.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u00e7i ba\u015fkan Nixon\u2019u ABD tarihinde de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya tarihinde \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan bir geli\u015fme olarak kabul edilen \u00c7in ziyareti, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkilerin \u2018normalle\u015fmesi\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelir. Ancak bu normalle\u015fme iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki buzlar\u0131 eritirken, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yak\u0131nla\u015fma ile k\u00fcresel ili\u015fkilerde yeni bir d\u00f6neme girildi\u011fine de i\u015faret ediyordu. Ba\u015fkan Nixon\u2019un, \u201csekiz y\u00fcz milyon ki\u015fiyi k\u0131zg\u0131n ve d\u00fcnya kamuoyundan izole bir durumda b\u0131rakmak istemiyoruz. \u0130leti\u015fim kurmak ve \u00c7in\u2019i uluslararas\u0131 toplumun ve Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinin bir \u00fcyesi yapmak istiyoruz.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc yukar\u0131da at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fum \u2018\u015eangay Ruhu\u2019 olgusunu net bir \u015fekilde ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu bulu\u015fma \u00f6ncesinde \u00c7in\u2019in durumuna k\u0131saca bakmakta yarar var. Amerika\u2019y\u0131 bir tehdit olarak alg\u0131layan hatta bir sald\u0131r\u0131 gelebilece\u011fi endi\u015fesiyle ya\u015fayan \u00c7inliler, Nixon\u2019un ziyaretiyle bir anda yan\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda beklenmedik bir \u2018dost\u2019 bulduklar\u0131 bile s\u00f6ylenebilir. Kom\u00fcnist ideolojinin farkl\u0131 versiyonlar\u0131na mensup olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle Sovyet Rusya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6ren; 1949\u2019daki ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan uluslararas\u0131 arenada \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7in\u2019i temsil makam\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcme e\u011filimi g\u00f6steren Tayvan sorununu ba\u015fa\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olarak yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yan; ve Japonya\u2019n\u0131n o d\u00f6nem agresif end\u00fcstrile\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011finin siyasi ve askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011finden kayg\u0131lanan k\u00f6\u015feye s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir \u00c7in g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunlar, \u201cMao\u2019ya ra\u011fmen\u201d o d\u00f6nem \u00c7in\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 politikada kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli sorunlara tekab\u00fcl ediyordu. Nixon-Kissinger ve Chou en-Lai aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde yukar\u0131da zikredilen \u00fc\u00e7 alanda sa\u011flanan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi sayesinde \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, Sovyet Rusya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendini daha iyi konumland\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunda \u00f6zellikle, \u2018Henry Kissinger\u2019in mimar\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u2018\u00e7ok gizli\u2019 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde \u00c7in taraf\u0131na Sovyet askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verilmesinin \u00f6nemi yads\u0131namaz. \u00d6te yandan, ABD\u2019nin Tayvan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k iddialar\u0131na destek vermeyece\u011fi aksine \u00c7in\u2019i muhatap almaya ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 ve Tayvan\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e ait oldu\u011funu dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u2018Tek \u00c7in\u2019 politikas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti\u011fini ifadesi \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin Tayvan gibi bir sorun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 arenada m\u00fccadele etmek zorunda kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu teminat\u0131n en a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6stergesi ise, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti ile resmi ad\u0131 \u00c7in Cumhuriyeti olan Tayvan\u2019\u0131n yerine Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019de \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7in\u2019in temsilcisi olarak tan\u0131mas\u0131 oldu. B\u00f6ylece \u00c7in k\u00fcresel bir g\u00f6n\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck ve tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Japonya\u2019n\u0131n o d\u00f6nem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi end\u00fcstriyel geli\u015fmesi sayesinde, yeniden askeri ve siyasi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgede Tayvan ve G\u00fcney Kore\u2019de yay\u0131lmac\u0131 bir nitelik kazanmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminde has\u0131l olan kayg\u0131 da, Nixon ve Kissinger\u2019\u0131n, \u201cABD ile Japonya aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik anla\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece b\u00f6yle bir tehdit s\u00f6z konusu olamaz\u201d teminat\u0131yla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, 1930\u2019lu ve 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Japon sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu olumsuz tecr\u00fcbenin getirdi\u011fi psikolojik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00fczerinden atmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu ziyaret neticeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, \u00c7in ad\u0131na rejimin uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da ad\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fbakan Chou En-lai\u2019nin 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda Asya-Afrika liderlerini bir araya getiren ve ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar toplant\u0131lar\u0131na ivme kazand\u0131ran Bandung Konferans\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 unutmadan, Nixon\u2019un ziyaretiyle, 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda kom\u00fcnistlerin hakimiyetine ge\u00e7en \u00c7in kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

ABD i\u00e7inse, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan olu\u015fan iki kutuplu d\u00fcnya siyasetinde Sovyet Rusya\u2019s\u0131yla ya\u015fanan rekabet; bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc istikrar\u0131n sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Vietnam-Kambo\u00e7ya-Laos\u2019un yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hint-\u00c7in b\u00f6lgesindeki sorunlar; Vietnam\u2019da i\u00e7ine girdi\u011fi batak ve Hindistan ile Sovyet Rusya aras\u0131ndaki gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k yak\u0131nla\u015fma Amerikan y\u00f6netimini yeni bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m yapmaya iten ba\u015fat nedenlerdi.<\/p>\n

ABD ve \u00c7in y\u00f6netimlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerdeki performans\u0131, Sovyet Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 farkl\u0131 nedenlerle de olsa ayn\u0131 tepkiselli\u011fi sergilemeleri siyasi frekanslar\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131 kadar ticari, ekonomi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlardaki ili\u015fkilerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de a\u00e7t\u0131. ABD ile yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalar\u0131n genel itibar\u0131yla \u00c7in i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel sisteme entegrasyonu anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda daha net ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. ABD, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sovyet Rusya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda n\u00fcfusu ve kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafya ile ve sahip oldu\u011fu geli\u015fme potansiyeli ile dev \u00c7in\u2019i \u2018partner\u2019 olarak se\u00e7mekle, k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeni yeniden organize ediyordu. Bu nedenle, ABD\u2019nin bu inisiyatifi, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n belki de en s\u0131cak giri\u015fimlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n

Ancak aradan ge\u00e7en neredeyse yar\u0131m as\u0131r sonra i\u015fler tersine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. D\u00fcn Japonya\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011finin yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 askeri ve siyasi yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131k kayg\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7in y\u00f6netimini rahats\u0131z ederken, bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi haline gelen ve sadece kendi b\u00f6lgesinde yani Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da de\u011fil, Afrika\u2019dan G\u00fcney Asya\u2019ya, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019dan Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya kadar geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyay\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan ticari ve ekonomik yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Japonya ayn\u0131 kayg\u0131y\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor. Sadece Japonya da de\u011fil\u2026 Ba\u015fta, on \u00fclkenin \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya Birli\u011fi (ASEAN) olmak \u00fczere Avustralya\u2019dan AB\u2019ye kadar pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke \u00c7in\u2019in agresif b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin getirdi\u011fi ve pratikte Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nde egemenlik alan\u0131n geni\u015fletme \u015feklinde zuhur eden yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcreci kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kayg\u0131 duyuyor. En b\u00fcy\u00fck kayg\u0131y\u0131 ise Ba\u015fkan Trump\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi ABD y\u00f6netimi g\u00f6steriyor. Nixon\u2019un tarihi \u00c7in ziyaretinin 45. y\u0131l\u0131nda, bir ba\u015fka Cumhuriyet\u00e7i ba\u015fkan Trump\u2019\u0131n \u00c7inle ili\u015fkileri ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeni bir k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeni tesis etme noktas\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir politika izleyece\u011fi halen merak konusu olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/haber-analiz\/395192\/45-yilinda-abd-baskani-nixonun-cin-ziyareti<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 03.03.2017 \u015euban ay\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnleri, ABD […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cin","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1919"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1921,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1919\/revisions\/1921"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}