{"id":1862,"date":"2016-12-19T15:31:54","date_gmt":"2016-12-19T15:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=1862"},"modified":"2016-12-19T15:31:54","modified_gmt":"2016-12-19T15:31:54","slug":"endonezya-dis-politikasinda-yeni-acilimlar-new-perspectives-in-foreign-policy-of-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/endonezya-dis-politikasinda-yeni-acilimlar-new-perspectives-in-foreign-policy-of-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Endonezya D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131nda Yeni A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar \/ New Perspectives in Foreign Policy of Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"

MEHMET \u00d6ZAY \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 19.12.2016<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endonezya devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joko Widodo (Jokowi) hafta boyunca Asya k\u0131tas\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikleriyle dikkat \u00e7eken Hindistan ve \u0130ran\u2019a resmi ziyaretlerde bulundu. Bu ziyaretler, Jokowi y\u00f6netiminin b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle yak\u0131nla\u015fma politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi ve devam\u0131 olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Bu ziyaretlerin birincil hedefleri aras\u0131nda Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6nemli hammadde kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 bulunsa da, ekonomik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve siyasi ili\u015fkiler de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemeyece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Endonezya, Hindisan ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n genel anlamda temel \u00f6zellikleri Hint Okyanusu\u2019na kom\u015fu olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, Hindistan ve \u0130ran do\u011fal kaynaklar, \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri gibi ba\u011flamlarda birbirlerinden ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Tam da bu hususiyet, Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirebilecek bir potansiyele sahip oldu\u011funu ortaya koyarken, ve bunu de\u011ferlendirme konusunda da \u00f6n\u00fcne bir imk\u00e2n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Ba\u015fkan Jokowi\u2019nin ziyaretlerinin anlam\u0131 da biraz bununla ilgili.<\/p>\n

Endonezya \u00e7o\u011ful\u00e7u ili\u015fkiler pe\u015finde<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endonezya y\u00f6netimi, kendine mahsus niteliklere sahip Hindistan ve \u0130ran\u2019la \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda yat\u0131r\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu ba\u011flamda, bu ziyaretler hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ba\u015fkan Jokowi\u2019nin son iki y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00c7in, Japonya, G\u00fcney Kore ile ASEAN \u00fclkeleri y\u00f6netimleriyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere il\u00e2ve olarak ticari, ekonomik ve siyasi ili\u015fkilerin \u00e7o\u011fulla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na matuf bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131, do\u011fal olarak mevcut hammadde kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelecek yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirme \u00e7abas\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu noktada, Hindistan ve \u0130ran\u2019daki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bu husus Jokowi\u2019nin ilgili liderler ve heyetler aras\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bu kayda de\u011fer bir yer tuttu.<\/p>\n

Hindistan: Potansiyeli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fclke<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hindistan, \u00fclkenin do\u011fu ve bat\u0131dan okyanusa a\u00e7\u0131lan yap\u0131s\u0131yla, Tak\u0131madalar \u00fclkesi Endonezya ile denizci \u00fclke olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini payla\u015f\u0131yor. Denizcilik alan\u0131n\u0131n salt jeo-stratejik ve politik ba\u011flamda bir g\u00fc\u00e7 temerk\u00fcz\u00fc olarak ele al\u0131nmakla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 ortada. Bu anlamda ekonomik verimlilik, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u00e7evre koruma gibi alanlarda bu iki \u00fclkenin i\u015fbirli\u011fine ortaya koyabilece\u011fi geni\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sahas\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Hindistan genelde G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00f6zelde Endonezya ile tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ticari ili\u015fkileri olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir arka pl\u00e2na sahip. Bununla birlikte, g\u00fcn\u00fcn getirdi\u011fi siyasi ve ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fmalar ve k\u00fcresel rekabet ortam\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019la ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirilmesi Endonezya i\u00e7in stratejik bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Dev n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131, kentle\u015fme, e\u011fitim, yoksulluk, gibi benzer sorunlarla bo\u011fu\u015fan iki \u00fclkenin \u2018birlikte geli\u015fme\u2019 projelerini hayata ge\u00e7irebilece\u011fi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli potansiyel alanlar bulunuyor. \u00d6te yandan, \u00e7ok-dinli ve \u00e7ok-etnikli olma gibi soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilecek bir toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe payla\u015fan iki \u00fclkenin bu anlamda birbirlerinin tecr\u00fcbelerinden istifadesinin ve bu anlamda ortaya koyabilecekleri modellerin k\u00fcresel bar\u0131\u015f ad\u0131na da katma de\u011feri olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019la ili\u015fkileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenebilecek hususlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ise dini alan geliyor. Bu alan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beslenen \u2018sempatiye\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Endonezya y\u00f6netimi \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n dini ideolojinin \u2018ithali\u2019 \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130ran\u2019la aras\u0131na mesafe koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunda hem Endonezya modern tarihinde, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131ndaki \u2018\u0130slam devleti\u2019 kurma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden g\u00fcndemde yer i\u015fgal etmemesi, hem de uluslararas\u0131 toplum nezdinde d\u0131\u015flanmak istenmemesi gibi iki y\u00f6n bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz d\u00f6nemde Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019la ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirme y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131 ise hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu \u00fclkenin n\u00fckleer silah \u00fcretimi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Bat\u0131\u2019yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u2018uluslararas\u0131 me\u015fruiyet\u2019 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmi\u015f olmas\u0131 bulunuyor. Bu ba\u011flamda, \u0130ran hem ticari ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi hem de \u00f6zellikle petrol ve do\u011fal gaz alanlar\u0131ndaki g\u00f6rece yetkinli\u011fi ile Endonezya y\u00f6netimince cazibe merkezi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Jokowi ve Ruhani aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde de bu konu g\u00fcndeme getirilerek do\u011fal gaz al\u0131m\u0131 ve rafineri vb. tesislerin yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 konusu ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130li\u015fkilerin gelenek ve dini arka pl\u00e2n\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jokowi\u2019nin bu ziyaretlerinde ticaret ve yat\u0131r\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmakla birlikte, bu \u00fclkelerin sahip oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 hususiyetler ve b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmelerin itici rol\u00fc bulunuyor. Bu noktada, Hindistan ile ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bin y\u0131llara dayanan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011f\u0131n, \u0130ran\u2019la ise dini alandaki benzerliklerin bir \u00fcst yap\u0131 olan siyasi ili\u015fkileri \u015fekillendirme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc hesaba katmak gerekiyor. Modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin erken d\u00f6nemlerinden itibaren Endonezya Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u2018Do\u011fu Hint Adalar\u0131\u2019 ad\u0131yla an\u0131lmas\u0131 bile, bu \u00fclkenin Hindistan\u2019la ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan g\u00f6stergelerden biri. Ancak \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi dini-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131lanman\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6ncelerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu iki b\u00f6lge toplumlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n uzun bir tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fi oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011furdu\u011fu imk\u00e2nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, Jokowi\u2019nin Hindistan\u2019la ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirmesinin rasyonel temellerine k\u0131saca bakmakta fayda var. \u00d6ncelikle G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi sorunu kayda de\u011fer bir yer ta\u015f\u0131yor. B\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerini ve k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7leri k\u00f6\u015feye s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131n\u0131 \u0131srarla s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131, bu su yolunun do\u011fal uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun geni\u015f\u00e7e bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne hakim Hindistan\u2019la kurulacak ili\u015fkiler Endonezya i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli. \u00d6yle ki, Hindistan\u2019la bu alandaki i\u015fbirli\u011fi G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nin g\u00fcneyi, Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Hint Okyanusu\u2019na deniz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olan Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu anla\u015fmazl\u0131kta konumunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye matuf bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci olarak, ABD\u2019deki ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imi sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta olan d\u0131\u015f politika e\u011filimleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri nezdinde Trans Pasifik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (TPPA) hayata ge\u00e7irilememe ihtimalinin giderek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yeni aray\u0131\u015flar\u00a0 bulunuyor. Her ne kadar, Endonezya y\u00f6netimi, TPPA\u2019ya taraf olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almasa da, her \u015feyin yolunda gitmesi halinde bu birli\u011fe aday olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00f6nce \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde ifade etmi\u015fti. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fartlarda TPPA\u2019ya taraf olan \u00fclkelerin bu yap\u0131n\u0131n yerini almas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u00e7e\u015fitli ticari i\u015fbirlikleri \u00fczerinde durmalar\u0131, Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te pro-aktif bir politika izlemesini gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc husus ise, Ba\u015fkan Jokowi\u2019nin t\u0131pk\u0131 kendisi gibi Ba\u015fbakan Narendra Modi\u2019nin de i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7inden gelmesi ve \u00fclkedeki sorunlar \u00fczerine gitme konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve reformcu yan\u0131. Bu hususiyetler iki lideri birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131rma vesilesi olabilece\u011fi ve bu ziyaretin devam\u0131nda \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemdeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ortak paydalar\u0131 bulmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc husus ise, Endonezya y\u00f6netimi, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019le b\u00f6lgesel rekabetinen m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca kazan\u0131m elde etme pe\u015finde. Ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 bir denge unsuru olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke ekonomisini d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7\u0131karma konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken Jokowi, devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koltu\u011funa oturdu\u011fu 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana eko-politik ili\u015fkilerde bug\u00fcne kadar bat\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de ABD ile yak\u0131nla\u015fma yerine g\u00fcndemine do\u011fuyu ald\u0131. Bu noktada, k\u00fcresel ekonomideki yeri kadar, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkesi olmas\u0131 ve \u00fclke ekonomisinde son derece \u00f6nemli rol oynayan \u00c7in\u2019li az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusa sahip \u00f6zellikler, ba\u015fkan Jokowi\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019le yak\u0131nla\u015fma politikas\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7elerini olu\u015fturuyor. \u00c7in\u2019in son d\u00f6nemde ekonomik \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durgunlu\u011fa ve bunun b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerine olumsuz yans\u0131mas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olsa da, \u00c7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131mlara verdi\u011fi destek ve ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu hammadde ba\u011flam\u0131nda ticaret i\u00e7in birincil hedef konumunda. Bununla birlikte, Ba\u015fkan Jokowi\u2019nin gerek y\u00f6netim stratejisi gerekse \u00fclke i\u00e7inden gelen baz\u0131 tepkileri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yerine b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkileri \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmeyi hedefliyor.<\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jokowi\u2019nin bu ve benzeri \u00fclkelerle ikili ve de b\u00f6lgesel ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirme konusunda att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar \u00f6nemli. Ancak bunlar\u0131n orta ve uzun vadede de\u011ferlendirilerek sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili alanlarda kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yak\u0131n ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir i\u015fbirli\u011fine ihtiya\u00e7 var. Bu noktada, kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r en az ba\u015fkan Jokowi kadar proaktif bir y\u00f6nelim sergilemek zorunda. Bu noktada, Endonezya i\u00e7 politikas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sorunlar, b\u00fcrokrasinin par\u00e7al\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131, kurumlar aras\u0131 koordinasyon zaafiyeti ve yap\u0131la\u015fmadaki eksiklikler \u00fcstesinden a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131 olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Buna ra\u011fmen, Hindistan ve \u0130ran ziyaretleri Jokowi y\u00f6netiminin orta vadede gelece\u011fe \u00fcmitle bakmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.haberturk.com\/yerel-haberler\/haber\/10404734-endonezya-dis-politikasinda-yeni-acilimlar<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MEHMET \u00d6ZAY \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 19.12.2016 Endonezya devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joko Widodo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endonezya","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1862"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1864,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1862\/revisions\/1864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}