{"id":1390,"date":"2015-02-07T07:36:08","date_gmt":"2015-02-07T07:36:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=1390"},"modified":"2016-10-07T07:36:23","modified_gmt":"2016-10-07T07:36:23","slug":"malezyada-bagimsizlik-ve-siyasi-mucadele-independence-and-political-struggel-in-malaysia-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/malezyada-bagimsizlik-ve-siyasi-mucadele-independence-and-political-struggel-in-malaysia-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Malezya\u2019da Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve Siyasi M\u00fccadele \/ Independence and Political Struggel in Malaysia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"td-paragraph-padding-1\">\n<p>Malezya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 59. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutluyor. \u00a0Ba\u015fkent Kuala Lumpur\u2019da Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Meydan\u0131\u2019nda (Dataran Merkeda) \u201cTek y\u00fcrek\u201d temas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan kutlamalar, Federal Sultan ve Ba\u015fbakan\u2019\u0131n da oldu\u011fu \u00fcst d\u00fczey kat\u0131l\u0131mla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>Malezya Federasyonu, Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Borneo adas\u0131 gibi iki farkl\u0131 kara par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerindeki topraklarda egemenlik s\u00fcrmesi; farkl\u0131 etnik unsurlar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131; tedrici bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fmek suretiyle 165 y\u0131l boyunca \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finde kalmas\u0131; g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir co\u011frafya par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselmesine ra\u011fmen 9 farkl\u0131 \u2018sultanl\u0131\u011fa\u2019 ev sahipli\u011fi yapmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6zellikleriyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Yakla\u015f\u0131k otuz milyon n\u00fcfusa sahip Malezya Federasyonu\u2019nun y\u00fczde altm\u0131\u015fa yak\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00fclkenin as\u0131l sahipleri anlam\u0131na gelen Bumiputra topluluklar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Bumiputra temelde Malay M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara atfen kullan\u0131lsa da, Borneo Adas\u0131 gibi irili ufakl\u0131 ve aralar\u0131nda \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 inan\u00e7lara mensup kitleleri de i\u00e7eren etnik unsurlar\u0131 da b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. N\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde yirmi be\u015fini olu\u015fturan \u00c7in k\u00f6kenli ve y\u00fczde yedisine tekab\u00fcl eden Hint k\u00f6kenli Malezyal\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, tarihin erken d\u00f6nemlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi modern d\u00f6nemde de ba\u015fta Endonezya olmak \u00fczere Kambo\u00e7ya, Myanmar, Filipinler, Banglade\u015f gibi \u00fclkelerden d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 almaktad\u0131r. Resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan \u00fclkeye giri\u015f yapan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfus da kayda de\u011fer bir orana tekab\u00fcl etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Endonezya, Tayland ve Filipinler gibi askeri darbelere maruz kalm\u0131\u015f ve istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Malezya Federasyonu\u2019nun istikrarl\u0131 bir siyasi yap\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bununla birlikte, her \u00fclkenin kendi siyasi ve sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131 kadar, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bug\u00fcne aktar\u0131lan siyasi yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 da g\u00fcndemden uzak tutmamak gerekir. Bu anlamda, Malezya\u2019y\u0131 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131yan s\u00fcrecin, gene yukar\u0131da zikredilen \u00fclkelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6rece ge\u00e7 bir d\u00f6neme tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimiyle 1945\u2019den itibaren ba\u015flayan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin bir olgunla\u015fma d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019na getirmesinin belki de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sonras\u0131nda ba\u015fta ekonomik olmak \u00fczere siyasi istikrara tesirinden bahsedebiliriz. Bu noktada \u015funu hat\u0131rlamakta fayda var. 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n veya b\u00f6lgedeki ad\u0131yla Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1945 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda sona ermesiyle \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimiyle ba\u015flayan siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler Malay topraklar\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 y\u0131l sonra, yani 31 A\u011fustos 1957 tarihinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirdi. Bu \u2018istikrar\u2019, \u0130ngilizlerle anla\u015fma masas\u0131nda \u2018mesai olarak\u2019 var olan, ancak ad\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sonras\u0131nda Ulusal \u0130ttifak y\u00f6netimiyle duyuran 59 y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p>Aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Malezya bir yandan ulusal birlik \u00e7abas\u0131 sergilerken, bir yandan da i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131nda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n etkisini yak\u0131ndan hissederek b\u00f6lgesel birlikler i\u00e7erisinde yerini ald\u0131. Hatta bunlara \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00a0\u0130ngilizlerle yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten ve bu anlamda \u00fclkenin kurucu babas\u0131 olarak da kabul edilen ilk ba\u015fbakan Tunku Abdul Rahman\u2019\u0131n ASEAN\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcvesini olu\u015fturan G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya Birli\u011fi\u2019ni (ASA) g\u00fcndeme getiren ki\u015fidir. Ayn\u0131 Tunku Abdul Rahman\u2019\u0131n, \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (OIC) kurulu\u015funa da \u00f6n ayak oldu\u011fu belirtelim. Tabii ASA\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015fun bir Malay siyaset\u00e7inin \u2018yarat\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131\u2019 olarak de\u011fil de, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi hususiyetlerin bir sonucu olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekir. Bu anlamda, Filipinler ve Tayland\u2019la birlikte ba\u015flayan s\u00fcrecin kom\u00fcnizmin b\u00f6lgede siyasi ve toplumsal n\u00fcfuzuna kar\u015f\u0131 bir blok olu\u015fturulmas\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Tunku Abdul Rahman\u2019\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli siyasi projesi 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Singapur ile Borneo Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki Sabah ve Saravak b\u00f6lgelerinin Malay Federasyonuyla birle\u015ferek Malezya Feredasyonu\u2019nun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tunku Abdul Rahman\u2019\u0131n, sadece b\u00f6lgesel i\u015fbirlikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bu yeni \u00fclkede toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konusunda da \u00e7abalar\u0131 g\u00fcndemdeydi. \u00d6zellikle, \u00c7in ve Hint k\u00f6kenli Malezyal\u0131lar\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malaylarla ortak bir \u2018ulus bilincine\u2019 ermeleri konusunda toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zeten bir liderlik izledi\u011fi belirtilir. Her ne kadar, UMNO\u2019nun kurucusu Dato Onn bin Cafer\u2019in UMNO\u2019ya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malay olmayan \u00c7in ve Hint k\u00f6kenlerinin de \u00fcye olmas\u0131 ve politika yapmas\u0131 talebi kadar olmasa da, Tunku Abdul Rahman sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bu etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131n destekledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ki bu destek kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Malay M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n tepkiselli\u011fi 13 May\u0131s 1969 tarihinde bir toplumsal ayaklanma \u015feklinde kendini ortaya konurken, bu s\u00fcrece yol a\u00e7an Ba\u015fbakan Tunku Abdul Rahman da yakla\u015f\u0131k bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapan \u2018ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u2019 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revden al\u0131nd\u0131. Asl\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bir sivil darbeden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p>70\u2019li y\u0131llar 1969 krizini atlatma m\u00fccadelesi olarak ge\u00e7ti. \u0130kinci ba\u015fbakan Rezak bin Huseyin\u2019in -ki \u015fu anki Ba\u015fbakan Necib bin Rezak\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131- k\u0131rsal kalk\u0131nma \u00f6ncelikli \u00e7abas\u0131na ve ard\u0131ndan bunun H\u00fcseyin bin Onn ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda konsolidasyonuna tan\u0131k oldu. 80\u2019li y\u0131llar ise, k\u00fcresel neo-liberal politikalara eklemlenen Malezya\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eder. Bu d\u00f6nemde, hem ki\u015filik olarak hem de izledi\u011fi siyasetler noktas\u0131nda agresif bir yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011fu bilinen Dr. Mahathir Muhammed izini bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Dr. Mahathir, bir konu\u015fmas\u0131nda dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere kendisine atfedilen \u00fclkenin \u2018ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n babas\u0131\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen kabul etti\u011fini, kendisinden \u00f6nceki ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131n ekonomik kalk\u0131nma konusunda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, kendisinin de bunun devam ettiricisi oldu\u011funu belirtir. Asl\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle bu d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ekonomik kalk\u0131nma bir Malezya mucizesi olmaktan \u00f6te, hem tarihsel hem b\u00f6lgesel ili\u015fkileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Mahathir\u2019in 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan bir ba\u015fka s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131ba\u015f\u0131na bir d\u00f6nem olarak incelenmeyi hak ediyor. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abdullah Ahmed Badawi, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar Necib bin Rezak\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k ulusal birli\u011fin kurulma s\u00fcrecinin devam etti\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturan Necib bin Rezak, bu ba\u011flamda g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi \u20181 Malezya\u2019 slogan\u0131 o g\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne art\u0131k pek g\u00fcndemde yer alm\u0131yor. \u00d6te yandan, g\u00fcndemin \u00e7e\u015fitli siyasal, ekonomik ve toplumsal sorunlarla belirlendi\u011fi bir Malezya ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. 2020 kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00fclke slogan\u0131 da bug\u00fcn sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7evresi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndemde tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Siyasi hayat\u0131n iktidar y\u00f6nelimli perspektifi kadar, \u00fclkede var oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen muhalefet kesimlerinin de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki rol\u00fc \u00f6neme incelenmeyi hak ediyor. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u2018reform\u2019 politikalar\u0131yla g\u00fcndemi belirlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Enver \u0130brahim muhalefetin yeg\u00e2ne lideri olmakla birlikte, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkumiyetlerle bu s\u00fcreci dolayl\u0131 olarak y\u00f6nlendirebilmi\u015ftir. Kimi \u00e7evrelerin ifade etti\u011fi \u00fczere, mevcut iktidar\u0131 demokratik yollarla alt edebilecek bir siyasi donan\u0131ma sahip lider vasf\u0131 nedeniyle Enver \u0130brahim siyasi manip\u00fclasyonlarla mahkumiyetine neden olundu\u011fu da unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn 59 y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar\u0131nda UMNO\u2019nun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan daha do\u011frusu UMNO i\u00e7erisinde g\u00fcc\u00fc elinde bulunduran liderlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan lider olarak 92 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Dr. Mahathir Muhammed\u2019i g\u00f6rmek hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki Malezya siyasetinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck krizdir. Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada, muhalefet lideri hapiste, UMNO\u2019nun \u00f6nde gelen baz\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ileri partiden ihra\u00e7 edilirken, yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten UMNO \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Ulusal Koalisyon, gelecek 40 y\u0131lda \u00fclkeyi nas\u0131l y\u00f6netece\u011finin hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malezya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 59. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutluyor. \u00a0Ba\u015fkent Kuala Lumpur\u2019da Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Meydan\u0131\u2019nda (Dataran Merkeda) \u201cTek y\u00fcrek\u201d temas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan kutlamalar, Federal Sultan ve Ba\u015fbakan\u2019\u0131n da oldu\u011fu \u00fcst d\u00fczey kat\u0131l\u0131mla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Malezya Federasyonu, Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Borneo adas\u0131 gibi iki farkl\u0131 kara par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerindeki topraklarda egemenlik s\u00fcrmesi; farkl\u0131 etnik unsurlar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131; tedrici bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fmek suretiyle 165 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,6,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-malezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1390"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1391,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions\/1391"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}