{"id":1229,"date":"2013-06-28T17:16:00","date_gmt":"2013-06-28T17:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/ini\/?p=82"},"modified":"2013-06-28T17:16:00","modified_gmt":"2013-06-28T17:16:00","slug":"patani-ekonomi-ve-ticari-iliskiler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/patani-ekonomi-ve-ticari-iliskiler\/","title":{"rendered":"PATAN\u0130 – Ekonomi ve Ticari \u0130li\u015fkiler"},"content":{"rendered":"
Patani topraklar\u0131n\u0131n konumu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir yandan Budist d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6te yandan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malay topraklar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Kara ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinden kurulan bu temel insan ve co\u011frafya etkile\u015fiminin bir di\u011fer boyutunu deniz ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu anlamda, Patani Bengal K\u00f6rfezi\/Hint Okyanusu ile G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019ni birbirine ba\u011flayan dar kara par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerinde olu\u015funun ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilemesinde kayda de\u011fer bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131. Do\u011fu\u2019da Tay K\u00f6rfezi ile Kambo\u00e7ya, Do\u011fu \u00c7in Denizi ile Borneo Adas\u0131, Japonya, \u00c7in, Singapur\u2019a kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir liman \u015feridine ba\u011flan\u0131yordu. T\u00fcm bu deniz ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda Patani sahillerindeki do\u011fal limanlar\u0131n rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc.[1]<\/a><\/div>\n
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Patani Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik ve ticari varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Avrupal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu co\u011frafyaya n\u00fcfuzu \u00f6ncesinde b\u00f6lge g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda kurulan bir denge esas\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ku\u015fku yok. Bu anlamda, Avrupa K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019nda kendini ortaya koyan kapitalist ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ilgin\u00e7 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusudur. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyde Burma topraklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ihtiras\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikas\u0131 g\u00fcneyde Patani topraklar\u0131na da yans\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunun bir sonucu olarak 1785 y\u0131l\u0131nda Siam ordular\u0131n\u0131n Patani\u2019ye sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 vuku buldu.[2]<\/a>Farkl\u0131 dini ve k\u00fclterel temeller \u00fczerine y\u00fckselen iki toplum aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da beraberinde getiren bu sald\u0131r\u0131 hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkuyok ki, Patani M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar Tay siyasi y\u00f6netimi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 ve zulm\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. Bununla birlikte, Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilerinin, \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Singapur merkezli olarak Malaya topraklar\u0131nda ortaya koydu\u011fu siyasi egemenlik yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6nelim seyretti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
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Patani, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n kuzey-g\u00fcney ekseninde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ticaret a\u011f\u0131na eklemlenmi\u015f ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelere konu olmu\u015ftur.Patani\u2019nin b\u00f6lge ticaretinde kayda de\u011fer \u00f6neminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda geleneksel olarak \u00c7in, Vietnam ve Siam K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ndeki etkile\u015fiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, g\u00fcneydeki Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu ticarete aktif olarak kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fc vard\u0131r.Bu noktada, 16.y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Avrupal\u0131lara ait t\u00fcccar gemilerinin Songkhla liman\u0131 \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri ticari faaliyetler dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Songkhla\u2019n\u0131n zamanla uluslararas\u0131 ticarete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n buraya Budist Tay g\u00f6\u00e7lerini te\u015fvik etmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 nihayetinde Songkhla\u2019n\u0131n merkez ve Patani ve Trengganu\u2019nun bu merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131 ili\u015fkinin temelini de olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.[3]<\/a><\/div>\n
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Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Sultan Ijau (1584-1616) d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan ticarete dayal\u0131 vars\u0131ll\u0131k bir y\u00fcz y\u0131l kadar devam etmi\u015ftir.Bu d\u00f6neme dair baz\u0131 olgulara arkeolojik verilerden ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.Patani \u015fehir merkezine alt\u0131 kilometre mesafedeki Kampung Kresik b\u00f6lgesindeki duvar kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, keramik vb. buluntular bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.[4]<\/a>Hollandal\u0131lar, buras\u0131n\u0131 sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezi olmas\u0131 hasebiyle Kota Raja<\/i> yani Sultan \u015eehri olarak da zikrediyorlard\u0131.Bougas saray, \u015fehir yerle\u015fimi konusunda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler vermektedir. Saray\u0131n sahile yak\u0131n bir mevkide olu\u015fundan hareketle,[5]<\/a>y\u00f6netimin \u015fehrin ticaretine ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ekonomi ya\u015fam\u0131na do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahil oldu\u011fu sonucu \u00e7\u0131kartabiliriz.<\/div>\n
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\u015eehir ya\u015fam\u0131na dair bug\u00fcn pek fazla bilgi mevcut de\u011fildir.\u00d6zellikle b\u00f6lge ticaretinde ve zanaatk\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli varl\u0131k g\u00f6steren \u00c7inlilerin etkinli\u011fi g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar.Patani\u2019de ticari ya\u015fam\u0131n giderek \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 1560\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u015fehirde \u00c7inlilerden olu\u015fan birka\u00e7 bin ki\u015filik ticaret kolonisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilir.[6]<\/a>Modern d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in mahallesinin bir benzeri erken d\u00f6nemlerde Kota Cina<\/i> ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131yordu.Saray, ticari hayat\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fehir ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde \u015fehri \u00e7evreleyen alanlarda \u00e7eltiktar\u0131m\u0131, sahilde ise bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyeti temel ekonomik aktivitelerdi.Saray\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kompleks surla \u00e7evrili oldu\u011fu ve g\u00f6rece kayda de\u011fer bir savunma sisteminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1563 y\u0131l\u0131nda o d\u00f6nem \u00f6nemli bir siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi olan Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Palembang\u2019dan Patani\u2019ye d\u00fczenlenen sald\u0131r\u0131da bu yap\u0131 \u00fczerindeki toplar nedeniyle Caval\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131klar\u0131na de\u011finilir.1602 y\u0131l\u0131na tarihlenen bir Hollanda kayna\u011f\u0131 buradaki toplar\u0131n Amsterdam\u2019dakilerden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer.Bu yap\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131 ve do\u011fu ucunda iki b\u00fcy\u00fck kap\u0131n\u0131n bulunuyordu.\u00d6rne\u011fin Do\u011fu Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Fil Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019yd\u0131.Siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn timsali olan filler b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer devletler gibi Patani\u2019de de \u00f6nemli bir unsurdu.Bu kap\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn fillerin ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte oldu\u011funun belirtilmesi bunun g\u00f6stergelerinden biridir.[7]<\/a>Yukar\u0131da zikredilen toplarla ilgili bir di\u011fer referans \u00c7inli bir seyyaha atfen dile getirilir. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Patani\u2019ye yerle\u015fen Lim Toh Khiam adl\u0131 top d\u00f6kmede usta olan bu seyyah Patani Sultan\u0131\u2019na dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapar ve s\u00fcre\u00e7te M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur.[8]<\/a><\/div>\n
19. y\u00fczy\u0131l son \u00e7eyre\u011finde, Patani liman\u0131n\u0131n ticari aktivitesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6zellikle o d\u00f6neme ait gazette ar\u015fivlerinde \u00f6zellikle \u00c7inlilere ve \u0130ngilizlere ait gemilerin Patani\u2019deki etkinliklerine dair kafi miktarda kan\u0131t mevcuttur.[9]<\/a><\/div>\n

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[1]<\/a>Margaret L. Koch. (1977). \u201cPatani and The Development of A Thai State\u201d, JMBRAS<\/i>, Vol. 50, Part 2, No. 232, s. 70. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[2]<\/a>Wayne A. Bougas. (1990). \u201cPatani in the Beginning of the XVII Century\u201d, Archipel<\/i>, Volume 39, s. 113.  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[3]<\/a>Louis Golomb, s. 10-11.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[4]<\/a> Wayne A. Bougas. (1990). \u201cPatani in the Beginning of the BVII Century\u201d, Archipel<\/i>, Volume 39, s. 115, 117. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[5]<\/a>\u015eeyh Ali&\u015eeyh Davud al-Patani. (2011), p. 7. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[6]<\/a>Anthony Reid. (2003). \u201cCharismatic Queens of Southeast Asia\u201d, History Today<\/i>, June, 53, (6), s. 32.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[7]<\/a>Wayne A. Bougas. (1990). \u201cPatani in the Beginning of the BVII Century\u201d, Archipel<\/i>, Volume 39, s. 122; Syaikh Ali&Syaikh Davud al-Patani. (2011), s. 9.  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[8]<\/a>Patrick Jory. (2007). \u201cFrom \u2018Melayu Patani\u2019 to \u2018Thai Muslim\u2019: The Spectr eof Ethnic Identity in Southern Thailand\u201d, ARI Working Paper<\/i>, No. 84, Singapore: Asia Research Institute,s. 5.  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[9]<\/b><\/a>The Straits Times, 11 December 1875, SHIPPING IN THE HARBOUR. Microfilm NL5045<\/a>  [Lee Kong Chian Reference Library, s. 3; The Straits Times, 17 November 1877, SHIPPING IN THE HARBOUR, s. 4; The Straits Times, 16 June 1877, SHIPPING IN THE HARBOUR Microfilm  NL5046<\/a>, s. 4.<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\t\ufffd\ufffd\ufffda\ufffd>\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\t\ufffdP\ufffd\t\/div> <\/p>\n

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[4]<\/a>Thanet Aphornsuvan. (2006). \u201cNation-State and the Muslim Identity in the Southern Unrest and Violence\u201d, In Understanding Conflict and Approaching Peace in Southern Thailand<\/i>, (eds.) Imtiyaz Yusuf&Lars Peter Schmidt, Bangkok: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung,  s. 96.  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[5]<\/a>Supara Janchitfah. (2003). Violence in The Mist: Reporting on the Presence on Pain in Southern Thailand<\/i>, Bangkok: Kobfai Publishing Project, s. 61. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[6]<\/a>Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian. (1988). Thai-Malay Relations: Traditional Intra-Regional Relations from the Seventeenth to the Early Twentieth Centuries<\/i>, Singapore: Obford University Press, s. 75.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[7]<\/a>Duncan McCargo. (2009). Tearing Apart The Land: Islam and Legitimacy in Southern Thailand<\/i>, Singapore: National University of Singapore Press,s. 61.  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[8]<\/a>Scot Barm\u00e9. (1993). Luang Wichit Wathakan and the Creation of a Thai Identity<\/i>, Social Issues in Southeast Asia, Signapore: ISEAS, s. 4. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[9]<\/a>Patrick Jory. (2007). s. 7. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[10]<\/a>Surin Pitsuwan. (2006). \u201cKeynote Address-The Cosmology of the Southern Conflict\u201d, In Understanding Conflict and Approaching Peace in Southern Thailand<\/i>, (eds.) Imtiyaz Yusuf&Lars Peter Schmidt, Bangkok: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, s. 284-5, 288. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[11]<\/a>Supara Janchitfah. (2003). Violence in The Mist: Reporting on the Presence on Pain in Southern Thailand<\/i>, Bangkok: Kobfai Publishing Project, s. 47; Mariya Johanna Futchs. (1970). A Comparative Study of Thai and Filipino Muslims<\/i>, Master Thesis, Washington: The American University, s. 24.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[12]<\/a>Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud. (2008). The Malays of Patani: The Search for Security and Independence<\/i>, Kuala Lumpur: MPH Group Printing, s. 48. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]<\/a>Chaiwat-Satha-Anand. (2006). \u201cThe Silence of The ullet Monument: Violence and Truth Management, Dusun-Nyor 1948 and Kru-Ze 2004\u201d, In Critical Asian Studies<\/i>, 38 (1), Roudledge, s. 12, 17-8.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Patani topraklar\u0131n\u0131n konumu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir yandan Budist d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6te yandan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malay topraklar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Kara ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinden kurulan bu temel insan ve co\u011frafya etkile\u015fiminin bir di\u011fer boyutunu deniz ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu anlamda, Patani Bengal K\u00f6rfezi\/Hint Okyanusu ile G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019ni birbirine ba\u011flayan dar kara par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerinde olu\u015funun ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilemesinde kayda de\u011fer bir rol\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-patani"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1229"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1229\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}