{"id":1206,"date":"2013-03-28T05:42:00","date_gmt":"2013-03-28T05:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/ini\/?p=145"},"modified":"2013-03-28T05:42:00","modified_gmt":"2013-03-28T05:42:00","slug":"guneydogu-asyada-bir-savasnyldonumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/guneydogu-asyada-bir-savasnyldonumu\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da Bir Sava\u015f\u0131nY\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                                    24 Mart 2013<\/b><\/div>\n

<\/b><\/div>\n

<\/b><\/div>\n
<\/a>G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya tarihinde ya\u015fayan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik sava\u015flar\u0131 dendi\u011finde akla gelen belki de yegane \u00f6rnektir Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131 (Dutch War). 1873 y\u0131l\u0131 24 Mart\u2019\u0131nda A\u00e7e sahillerinden karaya \u00e7\u0131karak Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyindeki kadim \u0130slam topraklar\u0131n\u0131 istilaya yeltenen Hollandal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 A\u00e7elilerin verdikleri m\u00fccadele, de\u011fi\u015fik ba\u011flamlarda bug\u00fcn de etkisi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu sava\u015f ve \u00e7evresinde ya\u015fananlar\u0131n, sadece A\u00e7e tarihi de\u011fil, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya tarihi ve \u0130slam tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemine \u015f\u00fcphe yok. Bug\u00fcn s\u00f6z konusu bu \u00f6nemli sava\u015f\u0131n 140. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. Son d\u00f6nemde \u2018A\u00e7e\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 zikredip de bu \u00f6nemli \u2018ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131na\u2019 at\u0131fta bulunulmamas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Genelde G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya, \u00f6zelde A\u00e7e\u2019ye Ortado\u011fu eksenli \u2018merkezci\u2019 bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n a\u00e7mazlar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilecek bu eksikli\u011fin giderilmesi bu topraklar\u0131n tarihinin ve asli sahiplerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu vesileyle s\u00f6z konusu bu sava\u015f ba\u011flam\u0131nda bug\u00fcne kadar pek de rastlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kimi hususlar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmekte fayda var. Bu k\u0131sa de\u011fini bize  A\u00e7e siyasal elitinin sahip oldu\u011fu \u2018k\u00f6kl\u00fc\u2019 uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler tecr\u00fcbesini hayata ge\u00e7irme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi kadar, s\u00fcre\u00e7te elitler aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan kimi \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da verecektir. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Hollanda Do\u011fu Hint Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin Avrupa\u2019daki ba\u015fkenti Hague\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 direktiflerle y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde oldu\u011fu gibi, sonras\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere konu olmu\u015ftur. Bu geli\u015fmeler, Penang, Batavya (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Cakarta), Singapur, gibi b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli y\u00f6netim ve siyaset merkezlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Hicaz ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a kadar uzanacak boyutlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Zaman zaman dile getirdi\u011fimiz \u00fczere, bu giri\u015fimler d\u00f6nemin A\u00e7e Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 el\u00e7ilerinin \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u2018Halifelik\u2019 makam\u0131yla ba\u011f kurma arzusuyla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
Gerek o d\u00f6nem A\u00e7e siyasi eliti aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ihtilaflar gerekse uzun tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015finde do\u011fulu ve bat\u0131l\u0131 uluslarla geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ticari ve siyasi alanlardaki etkile\u015fimlerin bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak, sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi ve s\u0131ras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 siyaset merkezlerini tetiklemeye y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalara rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, Hollanda istilas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi noktas\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlar, Amerikal\u0131lar, \u0130ngilizler nezdinde de inisiyatifin geli\u015ftirilmesi tarihsel bir devaml\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Bu noktada alternatif giri\u015fimlere \u00f6rnek olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir hususu g\u00fcndeme getirmekte fayda var. Sava\u015f\u0131n hemen \u00f6ncesinde A\u00e7e siyasetinin \u00f6nemli isimlerinden -ve de d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 kabul edilen- \u2018Habib\u2019 Abdurrahman Ez-Zahir\u2019in \u0130stanbul ve ona muhalif isimlerden oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan -saraya yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tan\u0131nan- Panglima Tibang\u2019\u0131n Singapur\u2019da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ve destek \u00e7abalar\u0131na dair gayretleri \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131yla durulmas\u0131 gereken hususlard\u0131r. Bu iki liderin Sultanl\u0131k i\u00e7indeki m\u00fccadelesi, A\u00e7e\u2019nin kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in ne t\u00fcr siyasi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm taraftar\u0131 olduklar\u0131 konusu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131kta, kan\u0131m\u0131z o ki, bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcrecek A\u00e7e siyasal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da anlamaya olanak tan\u0131yacak ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrebilirim.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
A\u00e7e siyasi elitinin, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ilgilerini Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019nda olan bitene \u00e7evirme gayretinin ard\u0131nda, Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netiminin A\u00e7e sorununa \u2018d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahale\u2019 yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan duydu\u011fu endi\u015feden haberdarl\u0131k kadar, Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki \u2018\u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkilerinin\u2019 fark\u0131nda olmalar\u0131n\u0131n da rol\u00fc vard\u0131. Bu nedenledir ki, vatan\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konusunda ba\u015fvurulacak alternatifler neyse t\u00fcm\u00fc uygulamaya konuluyordu. Bu konudaki giri\u015fimler sava\u015ftan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine de\u011fil, Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n A\u00e7e\u2019yi istila etme arzusunun giderek netlik kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na (1850) kadar geri gider. O d\u00f6nemde, me\u015fhur \u0130stanbul ziyaretleri kadar, Paris\u2019e giden bir el\u00e7inin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. 1852 y\u0131l\u0131nda Siti Muhammed ad\u0131nda A\u00e7e \u2018seyyah\u0131\u2019, Paris\u2019te giri\u015fimleri mevcuttur.[1]<\/a>Tabii bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1868 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n Sumatra Adas\u0131 \u00fczerinde hak iddias\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde dile getirmesiyle kesinlik kazanacakt\u0131. 1819 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmaya ra\u011fmen, Hollandal\u0131lar\u0131n  \u0130ngilizleri A\u00e7e konusunda nas\u0131l ikna ettikleri de ba\u015fl\u0131ba\u015f\u0131na bir konudur. Ancak \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyelim ki, \u0130ngilizlerin \u00e7ok\u00e7a pe\u015finden ko\u015ftuklar\u0131 ticari imtiyazlar konusundaki geli\u015fmelerin pay\u0131 \u00f6nemli. 1867-1873 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Singapur\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz valisi Sir Harry Ord, Londra\u2019y\u0131, ticari kazan\u0131mlar noktas\u0131nda ikna etti\u011fi, bunda A\u00e7e\u2019de s\u00fcren siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.[2]<\/a>A\u00e7e siyasi elitinin uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evreler nezdindeki giri\u015fimlerine tepki olarak sava\u015f\u0131n ilerleyen safhalar\u0131nda, \u00f6rne\u011fin Amerika gibi kimi g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde olan bitene kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sembolik olarak da g\u00f6sterecek baz\u0131 geli\u015fmeler olmu\u015ftur. Bu ba\u011flamda, g\u00f6zlem amac\u0131yla da olsa Amerika\u2019ya ait Yantic<\/i> adl\u0131 sava\u015f gemisinin b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi \u00fczerinde durulabilir.[3]<\/a> <\/div>\n

 <\/h1>\n
Buna il\u00e2ve olarak yukar\u0131da k\u0131saca de\u011finilen uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler alan\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilebilecek giri\u015fimler gene hem b\u00f6lgede yay\u0131n yapan gazeteler hem de Avrupa bas\u0131n\u0131nda yer bulmu\u015ftur. Daha \u00f6nce kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z baz\u0131 metinlerde k\u0131smen vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczere \u0130stanbul\u2019da ve Kahire\u2019de yay\u0131n yapan ve Osmanl\u0131 halklar\u0131n\u0131 A\u00e7e\u2019deki geli\u015fmelerden haberdar eden Basiret Gazetesi\u2019nin ba\u015fvuru kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Times,<\/i> Memorial Diplomatique\u2018<\/i>inde bulundu\u011fu Batavya, Kalk\u00fcta, Penang, Hague, Singapur gibi
\n\u00f6nemli merkezlerde yay\u0131nlardan geli\u015fmelerin izlendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[4]<\/a> Bu ba\u011flamda, Batavya\u2019da \u201cJavo Bode\u201d ve \u201cHandelsblad\u201d[5]<\/a>, Penang\u2019de \u201cPinang Gazette\u201d[6]<\/a>dikkat \u00e7eken yay\u0131nlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Co\u011frafi olarak Penang A\u00e7e\u2019ye en yak\u0131n nokta olmas\u0131 kadar, lojistik destek sa\u011flayan Hollanda gemilerinin  u\u011frak yeri olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da,[7]<\/a>t\u00fcm haberlerin ilk \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yeri oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi do\u011fal. Buraya ula\u015fan haberler telgraflarla Singapur, Batavya\u2019ya yani s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi merkezine g\u00f6nderiliyordu. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Yukar\u0131daki dile getirdi\u011fimiz \u2018Osmanl\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u2019 alternatifler \u00fczerinde siyaset geli\u015ftirme te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan A\u00e7e H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin \u00e7abalar\u0131na b\u00f6lgede \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6nemli yay\u0131n organlar\u0131ndan istifadeyle k\u0131saca de\u011finelim. 10 Nisan 1873 tarihli Straits Times Overland Journal\u2019da ge\u00e7en haberde Hollanda Komiseri Niewenhuyzen\u2019in il\u00e2n etti\u011fi \u00fcltimatomu reddetmesi \u00fczerine Banda A\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olan Hollanda gemilerince top at\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 emrini verdi.  Ayr\u0131ca, Hollanda y\u00f6netimi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir \u2018Bildiri\u2019 yay\u0131nlamak suretiyle Penang Adas\u0131\u2019ndan veya \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netiminin Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki herhangi bir b\u00f6lgesinden silah ve m\u00fchimmat ihracat\u0131n\u0131n kesinlikle yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 il\u00e2n ediyordu.[8]<\/a><\/a> <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Bu yasa\u011fa ra\u011fmen, Penang\u2019den A\u00e7e\u2019ye silah ve m\u00fchimmat giri\u015finin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kimi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Co\u011frafi yak\u0131nl\u0131k, A\u00e7elilerin Penang\u2019deki \u2018n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131\u2019 gibi hususiyetler bunu olanakl\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Penang Adas\u0131\u2019nda yerle\u015fik olan \u00f6nde gelen 8 A\u00e7eli b\u00fct\u00fcn Tak\u0131madalar\u2019da Hollanda aleyhine bir kampanya ba\u015flatarak A\u00e7e\u2019ye silah sevkiyat\u0131n\u0131 organize ettiler.[9]<\/a>Ayr\u0131ca, bu noktada \u0130ngilizlerin bu s\u00fcrece ne denli \u2018katk\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131\u2019 \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken bir konudur. Avrupa g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u00f6zellikle de \u0130ngiltere ve Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa tarihinin derin noktalar\u0131nda ittifak kurduklar\u0131 ve bu ittifak\u0131n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya s\u00f6m\u00fcrge topraklar\u0131na kadar etkisini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nsa da, gerek bireysel y\u00f6neticiler gerekse zaman zaman n\u00fckseden anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde birbirlerine muhalif giri\u015fimlerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu noktada, \u00f6zellikle Thomas Stamford Raffles d\u00f6neminde -ki bu 1810\u2019lu y\u0131llara denk gelir- A\u00e7e\u2019nin \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin do\u011fu-bat\u0131 ticaret hatt\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki giri\u015fim hat\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Penang\u2019deki \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netimi ve A\u00e7e siyaset eliti aras\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr ili\u015fkinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00fcvenerek -veya bir tak\u0131m maddi \u00e7\u0131karlar u\u011fruna- A\u00e7e\u2019ye silah sevkiyat\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir \u2018ihtimal\u2019den bahsedilebilir. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Hollanda g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Mart ay\u0131ndaki ilk sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 direni\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle saray yerle\u015fkesine yakla\u015f\u0131k birbu\u00e7uk kilometre mesafedeki Beyt\u00fcrrahman Camii civar\u0131nda s\u00fcren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda komutanlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmeleri \u00fczerine \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131lar. Buna ra\u011fmen, A\u00e7e \u00fczerindeki emellerinden vazge\u00e7mediklerini yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l sonra, yani 31 Aral\u0131k 1874 tarihinde, \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck kuvvetler e\u015fli\u011findeki sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6stereceklerdi. S\u00f6z konusu bu ikinci safhada Hollanda y\u00f6netimi, Afrika\u2019dan asker getirtti. Toplam askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc, siviller de dahil olmak \u00fczere 13.000\u2019i buldu.[10]<\/a>Bu ordu g\u00fcc\u00fc Batavya\u2019dan 19 gemi ile yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Gemiler aras\u0131nda 1500 grosstonluk bir \u0130talyan gemisi de vard\u0131. \u0130kinci sefere komuta eden van Swieten, karaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan tahtta yeni \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan gen\u00e7 sultana birka\u00e7 el\u00e7i g\u00f6nderdi.[11]<\/a><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Ancak bu ikinci sald\u0131r\u0131, A\u00e7e\u2019de direni\u015fin ba\u015fkent d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. A\u00e7e tarihinde, merkezdeki Sultanlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir siyasi rol icra etmi\u015f olan Pedir Valisi -ki bug\u00fcn Pidie olarak bilinen yerle\u015fim yeridir) bu tarihlerde Ba\u015fkent\u2019in yard\u0131m\u0131a ko\u015fmu\u015f ve Hollandal\u0131lar\u0131n 1874 y\u0131l\u0131 Ocak ay\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki ikinci sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Pedir \u00fczerine birlik g\u00f6nderme karar alan Hollandal\u0131lar\u0131n \u201ct\u00fcm g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131\u201d vali taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmi\u015ftir.[12]<\/a><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, A\u00e7elilerin ellerindeki mevcut imk\u00e2nlarla Hollanda y\u00f6netimine maddi ve manevi kay\u0131plar verdirme konusunda G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131n\u0131n en diren\u00e7ken toplumu olarak kabul edildi\u011fine ku\u015fku yok. Bu husus d\u00f6nemin yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda dile getirildi\u011fi gibi[13]<\/a>, daha sonra konuyla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan neredeyse t\u00fcm akademisyenlerin ortak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur. Bu ba\u011flamda, A\u00e7elilerin vatan savunmas\u0131nda sergiledikleri sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 karakterdeki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Birebir ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplar halinde sergilenen ve ad\u0131na bir t\u00fcr \u2018gerilla takti\u011fi\u2019 denilebilecek unsurlarda Hollandal\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n yerli \u2018ba\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131na\u2019 kay\u0131plar verdirdikleri bilinmektedir. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7le ba\u015f etme noktas\u0131nda Hollanda ordusununun elit askerlerinden olu\u015fan ve ad\u0131na \u201cMarechausee\u201d veya \u201cMarsose\u201d denilen birlikleri sahaya s\u00fcrmek zorunda kal\u0131yordu.[14]<\/a><\/a><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Peki bu ili\u015fkiler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc A\u00e7e Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131, A\u00e7e siyasi elitinin ortaya koydu\u011fu d\u00f6nemi
\nitibar\u0131yla k\u00fcresel bir etki olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? Bu siyasi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, daha 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak Constantinople-Ortado\u011fu eksenini Hint Okyanusu\u2019na dahil etme giri\u015fiminden Avrupa emperyalizminin en kanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131na kadar geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir siyaset ruhundan bahsedelimez mi? A\u00e7e siyasi d\u00fczeninin \u2018Halifelik makam\u0131\u2019 ad\u0131na \u0130stanbul\u2019un yolunu ar\u015f\u0131nlamas\u0131 kadar, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle temas\u0131 bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn Pan-\u0130slamc\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri \u00fczerinde zay\u0131flat\u0131c\u0131 bir tesir do\u011furur mu? Bu ve benzeri sorular\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmek i\u00e7in \u0130ngilizlerin \u2018te\u015fvikine\u2019 gerek yok. Kald\u0131 ki, b\u00f6yle bir te\u015fvikle bu t\u00fcr sorular\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi de pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. O zaman, A\u00e7e\u2019nin \u00fcretti\u011fi siyasi gelene\u011fi ve ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlama konusunda \u2018dirsek temas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ngilizler veya Hollandal\u0131lar de\u011fil de, do\u011frudan A\u00e7eliler olmas\u0131 kadar do\u011fal bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olamaz.  <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131, do\u011furdu\u011fu sonu\u00e7lar itibar\u0131yla sadece Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki topraklar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n Hollanda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katma m\u00fccadelesi olarak okunamaz. Bunun \u00f6tesinde, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u0130slam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fc akt\u00f6r\u00fc konumundaki A\u00e7e Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u2013t\u0131pk\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019dakine benzer s\u00fcre\u00e7lere maruz kalmas\u0131na neden oldu. Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan talep edilen silah yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememesi, ortaya olduk\u00e7a hazin bir durum \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. \u00d6yle ki, Holandal\u0131lar 26 A\u011fustos 1614 tarihinde Pieter van den Broecke kaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Hollanda gemisiyle Aden\u2019e vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu topraklar Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n hakimiyetindeydi. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kadim d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Avusturya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, ayn\u0131 zamanda Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n da rakibi olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131lar ile Hollandal\u0131lar aras\u0131nda Avrupa siyasetinden kaynaklanan g\u00f6rece bir dostluktan k\u0131smen de olsa bahsedilebilir. Bu geli\u015fme, Osmanl\u0131-Hollanda ili\u015fkilerinin do\u011fudaki ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi olurken, pratikte Yemen Valisinin Macar dev\u015firmesi Cafer Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Hollandal\u0131lara bir sebeple izin vermemesi ile sona erdi.[15]<\/a>Ancak, yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 y\u0131l sonra, Osmanl\u0131-Hollanda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 bu sefer A\u00e7e\u2019deki istila giri\u015fimi nedeniyle g\u00fcndeme gelecekti. Avrupa\u2019daki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan Hollanda, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n A\u00e7e\u2019ye m\u00fcdahelesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilecek bir g\u00fc\u00e7teydi. Osmanl\u0131 ne siyaseten ne de askeri olarak A\u00e7e Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na bir katk\u0131da bulunabilirken, A\u00e7e var olan insan g\u00fcc\u00fcne eklemledi\u011fi iman g\u00fcc\u00fcyle sava\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrebildi\u011fi yere kadar ta\u015f\u0131ma m\u00fccadele verdi. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/index.php?aType=haber&ArticleID=253084&q=Mehmet+%C3%96zay<\/a><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n
\n
[1]<\/a>Nicholas Tarling. (1962). <\/i>(Ba\u015fl\u0131ks\u0131z) JMBRAS<\/i>, Vol. XXX. Part 3, No 179. s. 165.  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[2]<\/a>C. Northcote Parkinson, British Intervention in Malaya: 1867-1877<\/i>, University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1964, s. 32.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

[3]<\/b><\/a>The Straits Times, 10 January 1874, Page 1 Article also available on microfilm reel NL5044<\/a>  [Lee Kong Chian Reference Library. <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[4]<\/a>\u00d6rne\u011fin,2 Rebiyy\u00fclahir 1290, 8 Rebiyy\u00fclahir1290, 29 Muharrem 1291, (18.03.1874), 3 Muharrem 1291 (20.02.1874), 1 Zilhicce 1290 (20.01.1874), (Bkz.: Basiret, <\/i> No. 1412, 1430, 1433, 4113, 4117,). <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

[5]<\/a>Bkz.: \u201cItems from the Java Papers\u201d, Straits Times Overland Journal<\/i>, 3 May\u0131s 1873, s. 3.<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[6]<\/a>Bkz.: Straits Times Overland Journal<\/i>, 13 Temmuz 1873, s. 2.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[7]<\/a>Straits Times Overland Journal<\/i>, 3 May 1873, s. 6.  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[8]<\/a>10 Nisan 1873 tarihli Straits Times Overland Journal<\/i>,  s. 8.  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[9]<\/a>C. Northcote Parkinson, British Intervention in Malaya: 1867-1877<\/i>, University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1964, s. 291. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[10]<\/a>Paul Van\u2019t Veer. (1985). Perang Aceh: Kisah Kegagalan Snouck Hurgronje<\/i>, Cakarta: Grafiti Pers, s. 70.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[11]<\/a>Paul Van\u2019t Veer. (1985). Perang Aceh: Kisah Kegagalan Snouck Hurgronje<\/i>, s. 71. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[12]<\/a>The Straits Times, 3 January 1874, s. 3.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[13]<\/a>The Straits Times, 10 Ocak1874, s. 1. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[14]<\/a>Gary Nathan Gartenber (!). Silat Tales: Narrative Representations of Martial Culture in the Malay\/Indonesian Archipelago<\/i>, PhD Thesis, University of California, 200, s. 4-5.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
[15]<\/a>C. F. Beckingham, \u201cDutch Travellers in Arabia in the Seventeenth Century\u201d, Part I, JRAS<\/i>, 1951, s. 66-7, 78.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                                    24 Mart 2013 G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya tarihinde ya\u015fayan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik sava\u015flar\u0131 dendi\u011finde akla gelen belki de yegane \u00f6rnektir Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131 (Dutch War). 1873 y\u0131l\u0131 24 Mart\u2019\u0131nda A\u00e7e sahillerinden karaya \u00e7\u0131karak Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyindeki kadim \u0130slam topraklar\u0131n\u0131 istilaya yeltenen Hollandal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 A\u00e7elilerin verdikleri m\u00fccadele, de\u011fi\u015fik ba\u011flamlarda bug\u00fcn de etkisi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1206"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1206\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}