{"id":1195,"date":"2013-01-16T14:48:00","date_gmt":"2013-01-16T14:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/ini\/?p=175"},"modified":"2013-01-16T14:48:00","modified_gmt":"2013-01-16T14:48:00","slug":"30-ylnda-malezyann-look-east-politikas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/30-ylnda-malezyann-look-east-politikas\/","title":{"rendered":"30. y\u0131l\u0131nda Malezya\u2019n\u0131n \u2018Look East\u2019 Politikas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                                   14 Ocak 2013<\/b><\/div>\n

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Malezya\u2019n\u0131n de\u011ferler skalas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan \u2018Look East\u2019 politikas\u0131 bug\u00fcnlerde yeniden g\u00fcndemde. G\u00fcndeme geli\u015f sebebi, bu politikan\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irili\u015finin 30. y\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 kadar, politakaya devamda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc siyasi iktidar\u0131n ve liderinin iradesinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrmesinde yat\u0131yor.<\/div>\n
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Bu vesileyle bu giri\u015fimin mimar\u0131 Dr. Mahathir, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, Malezya-Japonya ili\u015fkilerinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 kabul edilen \u2018Look East\u2019 politikas\u0131n\u0131n 30. y\u0131l\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Tokyo\u2019da yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131ld\u0131. Dr. Mahathir\u2019in yeni bir ulustan ziyade, \u2018yeni bir Malay nesli in\u015fa\u2019 (Wain 2009: 86) giri\u015fimi olarak de\u011ferlendirilen bu politika, 22 y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar\u0131n\u0131n hemen ba\u015flar\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme geldi. \u0130lk etapta ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n arac\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetme olarak da yorumlanabilecek bu \u00e7aba, bir siyasi liderin ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n \u2018ahl\u00e2ki k\u00f6kenlerine\u2019 dair bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bilincinde oldu\u011funu ortaya koymas\u0131yla \u00fczerinde durulmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/div>\n
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Dr. Mahathir, 16 Temmuz 1981\u2019de Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturdu\u011funda \u00e7oktan siyasi ideolojisini belirlemi\u015fti. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemine tekab\u00fcl eden \u00fcniversite y\u0131llar\u0131, akabinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcrecine tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nihayetinde Malay siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fc Birle\u015fik Malay Ulusal Birli\u011fi (UMNO) i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ard\u0131ndan giderek y\u00fckselen y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u2018Dr. UMNO\u2019 lakab\u0131yla an\u0131lmas\u0131na ve emsalleri aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bir konumda de\u011ferlendirilmesine neden oldu. Biraz da s\u00fcpriz denilebilecek geli\u015fmeler neticesinde Ba\u015fbakan oldu\u011funda, elinde \u015fekillendirilmeye son derece m\u00fcsait bir devlet ve toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyordu. Ancak bu durum, onun bir dizi zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor. <\/div>\n
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Dr. Mahathir\u2019i \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netimi ve onun Malaya\u2019daki uzant\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u2018Do\u011fulu tav\u0131r al\u0131\u015f\u2019 kimi \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri gibi Japonya modeline y\u00f6nelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Japonya, haddi zat\u0131nda 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da G\u00fcne\u015f Batmayan \u0130mparatorluk \u0130ngiliz Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrge kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 arkas\u0131na bakmadan b\u00f6lgeyi terk etmeye zorlamas\u0131yla neden oldu\u011fu ideolojik fark\u0131ndal\u0131k nedeniyle b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n siyasi ve toplumsal haf\u0131zas\u0131nda yer etmi\u015f ve bu \u2018yerli halklar\u0131n\u2019 \u2018Beyaz Adam\u2019\u0131n da yenilebilece\u011fine kanaat getirmelerinde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemi bizzat ya\u015fayan Dr. Mahathir\u2019in de \u2018s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u0130ngilizlere\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131 besledi\u011fi pek de olumlu olmayan hisleri Japonlar\u0131n \u2018zaferiyle\u2019 bir anlamda \u2018Asyal\u0131n\u0131n\u2019 Bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki zaferine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu. <\/div>\n
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Dr. Mahathir\u2019in \u2018Look East\u2019 ad\u0131yla bilinen ve Japonya modernle\u015fmesini \u00f6rnek alan politikas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6ylesi bir arka pl\u00e2n\u0131 var. \u00d6yle ki, bu politikan\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesinden birka\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce, \u00fclkenin \u2018in\u015fac\u0131 unsurlar\u0131\u2019 aras\u0131nda yer alan \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye bir siyaset\u00e7i olarak tepkisini \u0130ngiliz mallar\u0131na talep g\u00f6sterilmemesini g\u00fcndeme getiren \u2018Buy British Last\u2019 politikas\u0131 bir haz\u0131rl\u0131k a\u015famas\u0131yd\u0131 (Khalid&Ping 2003: 94). Bu ba\u011flamda, Dr. Mahathir\u2019in Japon kalk\u0131nmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bu ilgisinin tarihi bir devaml\u0131l\u0131k arz etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00d6yle ki, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l son \u00e7eyre\u011finde Cohor Sultan\u0131 Ebubekir\u2019in Japonya\u2019y\u0131 da i\u00e7eren \u2018do\u011fu\u2019 ziyaretleri vesilesiyle edindi\u011fi bir modernle\u015fme tecr\u00fcbesi var ise, bunun yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u00fczy\u0131l sonraki versiyonu Dr. Mahathir\u2019dir. Japonya\u2019n\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan (1868) itibaren devletin ekonomik modernle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131 Malay siyasi elitinin \u00fclkenin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc toplumsal \u015fartlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda itibar edilecek bir eko-politik y\u00f6nelimdi. <\/div>\n
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T\u0131pk\u0131 Japon Meiji y\u00f6netimi gibi, Malezya\u2019da da devlet m\u00fclkiyeti, yeni bir toplumsal ve ekonomik s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcnde ba\u015fat rol oynacakt\u0131r. Bu noktada, Japon ve Malay halklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bir farka dikkat \u00e7ekmekte fayda var. Japonlar\u0131n ekonomide sergiledikleri ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n arka pl\u00e2n\u0131nda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kadar bireylerin tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131n da kayda de\u011fer yeri oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131 (Hadley 1989: 303). \u00d6te yandan, Malezya \u00f6zelinde ge\u00e7en otuz y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r, ki yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar bu noktada dikkat \u00e7ekici bir rol oynar-, fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne ra\u011fmen, Dr. Mahathir\u2019in de bir yerlerde dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malaylarda \u2018tasarruf\u2019 bilincinin bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc yerle\u015fmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6yle ki, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funu istemeyerek de olsa b\u0131rakmak zorunda kalan Dr. Mahathir, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 veda konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, t\u00fcm \u00e7abas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, arzu etti\u011fi \u015fekilde bir Malay m\u00fcte\u015febbis s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa edemedi\u011fini il\u00e2n ediyordu.  <\/div>\n
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Dr. Mahathir\u2019in siyasi iradesi kadar, Japon \u00f6yk\u00fcnmecili\u011finden hareketle \u2018Milli kalk\u0131nma projesinin\u2019 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sonras\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik tatmine ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f Malay \u00e7evrelerinin 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015f g\u00f6steren \u2018protestolar\u0131nda\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buluyordu. Bu nedenledir ki, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malaylar\u0131n ekonomik ve de sosyal kalk\u0131nma hamlelerinde arzu edilen yeri edinememi\u015f olmalar\u0131 13 May\u0131s 1969 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fat rol oynad\u0131. Ekonomik ba\u015far\u0131 isteyen Malay kitlelerinin g\u00f6zard\u0131 etti\u011fi bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi Dr. Mahathir\u2019in g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi, hem de yasaklanma ve hatta partiden ihraca kadar giden tepkileri g\u00f6ze alarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. \u2018Malay \u0130kilemi\u2019 (Malay Dilemma) olgusunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyan Dr. Mahathir, bununla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malay kitlesi i\u00e7erisinde nas\u0131l bir b\u00fcnye de\u011fi\u015fimine ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyordu. Bu \u2018ikilemi\u2019 \u00e7\u00f6zecek form\u00fcllerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u2018Look East\u2019 politikas\u0131n\u0131 da bizzat kendisi ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturur oturmaz eyleme ge\u00e7irme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu. <\/div>\n
\u2018Look East\u2019 politikas\u0131, \u015fayet geni\u015f toplum kesimleri \u00f6zelinde dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131kta, gecikmi\u015f  Malay modernle\u015fmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu yeni eko-politik yakla\u015f\u0131m, d\u00fcne kadar, Malay modernle\u015fmesinin unsurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda zikredilebilecek \u2018geleneksel g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131n\u0131n\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alternatif bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6z
\nard\u0131 edilemeyecek \u00f6nemde bir toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc olarak da, genel itibar\u0131yla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malaylar\u0131n (bumiputras) modern toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 dinamikleri i\u00e7erisinde \u2018g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yer edinimi\u2019, \u00f6zelde ise Malay burjuvazisinin \u2018in\u015fas\u0131\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelmesiyle \u00f6nemlidir. Yani, Malezya\u2019da yeni bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n icad\u0131d\u0131r bu geli\u015fmelerin yans\u0131mas\u0131. <\/div>\n
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Yeri gelmi\u015fken bir al\u0131nt\u0131 yapal\u0131m. Dr. Mahathir, an\u0131lar\u0131nda Malay kad\u0131n ve erkeklerinin \u2018uygun e\u011fitim verildi\u011fi taktirde, \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kabiliyetlerini s\u00fcratle geli\u015ftirdiklerini\u2019 s\u00f6yler. \u00dcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck, bu konuda Japon y\u00f6neticilerin Japonlardan sonra \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde en mahir i\u015f\u00e7ilerin Malaylar\u0131n oldu\u011funu aktar\u0131r. Ancak bu politikar\u0131n i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in bu kadar\u0131 yetmez. S\u00f6z konusu bu politikan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmas\u0131yla, az\u0131msanmayacak say\u0131da teknik eleman Japonyaya g\u00f6nderilerek b\u00fcrokraside ve \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde devrim niteli\u011findebi yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 ortaya koyacak geli\u015fimin \u2018motoru\u2019 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olur (Mohamad 2011: 334-5). G\u00f6nderilen kadrolardan beklenen Japonlara \u00f6zg\u00fc \u2018i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131\u2019 edinmeleriydi. Dr. Mahathir bu noktada da \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fcd\u00fcr. S\u00f6z konusu politikan\u0131n bir anlamda tan\u0131m\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1982 y\u0131l\u0131nda Japonlar \u00f6n\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, Japon \u00fcniversitelerinde yeti\u015fmi\u015f akademisyenler de\u011fil, bizzat fabrikalarda verilen e\u011fitimleri ba\u015far\u0131yla alm\u0131\u015f ve bundan da \u00f6tesi, bu e\u011fitimin arka pl\u00e2n\u0131nda yatan,  Japonlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma performanslar\u0131nda ortaya koyduklar\u0131 \u2018i\u00e7 disipline sahip\u2019 ve \u2018kendileri hissetme\u2019 olgusunun i\u00e7kin oldu\u011fu bir \u2018etik\u2019 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kapm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r (Pathmanathan&Lazarus 1984: 111-3).<\/div>\n
\u2018Look East\u2019 politikas\u0131n\u0131n Japonya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bir anlam\u0131 olsa gerek. Bu politikan\u0131n g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi y\u0131llardan sadece birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l \u00f6nce b\u00f6lgeyi askeri n\u00fcfuzuyla hakimiyetine alan Japonya\u2019n\u0131n, Bat\u0131\u2019dan \u2018ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 derse ra\u011fmen\u2019, sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u2018kapitalist \u00fcretim moduna endekslemek suretiyle modern kalk\u0131nma hamlesinde ortaya koyarken, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n \u2018\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, az kazanan\u2019 mahir ellerine \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ihtiyac\u0131 kadar, \u2018az masrafla, \u00e7ok meta\u2019 ili\u015fkisini olduk\u00e7a ba\u015far\u0131yla k\u0131v\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan olsa gerek, Malezya\u2019da \u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme geldi. S\u00f6z konusu bu ekonomik yap\u0131lanman\u0131n Malezya toplumsal hareketlili\u011fine katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 burada vurgulamak gerekir. \u00d6zellikle, k\u0131r-kent devimini, \u2018devlet eliyle kalk\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lan\u2019 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malay toplumunun orta s\u0131n\u0131fla\u015fma s\u00fcrecini k\u0131sa zaman s\u00fcrecinde tecr\u00fcbe etmeleri beraberinde \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde bir \u2018k\u00fclt\u00fcrel aidiyet\u2019 krizine neden oldu\u011fu da bir vak\u0131a. Bu krize \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak da gene \u2018devlet eliyle \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rma\u2019 projesinin \u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelmekte gecikmeyecekti. \u00d6te yandan, bu politikan\u0131n iki \u00fclke elitleri aras\u0131nda var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir anlamda \u2018kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkisini\u2019 ortaya koyan b\u00f6lgesel bir proje olarak da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bir s\u00fcre sonra, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin demokrasi\/insan haklar\u0131 fenomenlerini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinde belirleyicilik rol\u00fcne soyunmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Dr. Mahathir\u2019in de akt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Asya de\u011ferleri\u2019 savunuculu\u011funun g\u00fcndeme gelmesinde \u2018Look East\u2019 politikas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 bir ba\u011flama oturtuldu\u011funa \u015fahit olunur. <\/div>\n
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Ge\u00e7en otuz y\u0131lda Malezya kalk\u0131nmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda rol\u00fc olan Look East politikas\u0131n\u0131n gelecekteki otuz y\u0131lda da devam edece\u011fi sinyalini veren bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ba\u015fbakan Najib\u2019in, mentoru Dr. Mahathir\u2019in izinden gitti\u011fine ku\u015fku yok. Bug\u00fcn Ba\u015fbakan Necib\u2019in s\u00fcrekli at\u0131fda bulundu\u011fu ve \u00fclkenin gelece\u011fini belirlemede \u00f6nemli bir a\u015fama kabul edilen \u2018Vizyon 2020\u2019 projesinin mimar\u0131n\u0131n Dr. Mahathir oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u2018Look East\u2019 politikas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mek bir yana, bu politikan\u0131n uygulamada aksayan y\u00f6nlerinin \u00fcstesinden gelme konusunda yeni giri\u015fimlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fu da bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/div>\n
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http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/?aType=haber&ArticleID=242739<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                                   14 Ocak 2013 Malezya\u2019n\u0131n de\u011ferler skalas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan \u2018Look East\u2019 politikas\u0131 bug\u00fcnlerde yeniden g\u00fcndemde. G\u00fcndeme geli\u015f sebebi, bu politikan\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irili\u015finin 30. y\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 kadar, politakaya devamda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc siyasi iktidar\u0131n ve liderinin iradesinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-malezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1195\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}