{"id":1029,"date":"2012-03-18T05:06:00","date_gmt":"2012-03-18T05:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/ini\/?p=352"},"modified":"2016-10-10T06:53:07","modified_gmt":"2016-10-10T06:53:07","slug":"guneydogu-asyada-somurgelestirilemeyen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/guneydogu-asyada-somurgelestirilemeyen\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da S\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilemeyen Krall\u0131k: Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
Tayland\u2019da monar\u015fi ile \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yanl\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele devam ederken, \u00fclkenin tarihine k\u0131saca bir g\u00f6z atmakta fayda var. Tayland (Thailand) ad\u0131, yani \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr \u0130nsanlar Yurdu\u201d, g\u00f6rece yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte (1939) verilen kullan\u0131lan bir isim olmakla beraber, b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve bu anlamda G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n kadim gelene\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir yeri vard\u0131r. Tarihte Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da bilinen topraklar \u00fczerinde kurulan Tayland, bir yandan Asya ana kara par\u00e7as\u0131 ile Malezya Yar\u0131madas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu olmas\u0131 ile, \u00f6te yandan Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun Bat\u0131s\u0131 ile Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki kadim deniz ticaret yolunda A\u00e7e, Bengal, gibi \u201cbaharat g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n\u201d uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak geni\u015f G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. [1]<\/a><\/div>\n
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Bug\u00fcn Endonezya Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirilen,\u00a0 Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki kimi topluluklar\u0131n k\u00f6keni i\u015fte bu tarihi g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunu takip ederek b\u00f6lgeye gelen topluluklara dayan\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en dikkat \u00e7ekeni ise A\u00e7e\u2019dir. nedeniyle A\u00e7e tarihte Asya ana kara par\u00e7as\u0131ndan adalara yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7lere sahne oldu. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7, bug\u00fcn dahi co\u011frafi olarak takip edilebilece\u011fi \u00fczere, Tayland-Vietnam-Kambo\u00e7ya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fayan topluluklarca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede iki ana g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131ndan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Birincisi, \u00c7ampa Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi metinlerinde Kuzey \u00c7ampa olarak ge\u00e7en ve Hue yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yerle\u015fik halde bulunan \u00c7am dili konu\u015fan topluluklar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. \u0130kinci g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131, 1471 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcney ba\u015fkenti Vijiaya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle g\u00fcndeme geldi.[2]<\/a> A\u00e7e dilinin k\u00f6kenlerine dair bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar A\u00e7ece\u2019nin Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019daki Khmer dili ile\u00a0 benzerli\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Konumuz Siam oldu\u011fundan g\u00f6\u00e7 hik\u00e2yesini bu kadarla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/div>\n
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Kadim Malay krall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ilki kabul edilen Srivijaya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan hakimiyetini zamanla kaybederken, onun b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda kurulan Ayutthaya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n doldurdu\u011fu dikkat \u00e7eker. Asl\u0131nda Ayutthaya\u2019n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, ana kara par\u00e7as\u0131nda me\u015fhur Khmer Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sona ermesiyle de do\u011frudan ilintilidir. Ayutthaya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup, Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Tak\u0131madalar\u2019a n\u00fcfuz etmedi\u011fini de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.[3]<\/a> Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Malay topraklar\u0131nda kurulan site devletleri \u00fczerindeki siyasi otorite kurma ba\u011flam\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00c7in Hanedanl\u0131klar\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele i\u00e7erisinde oldu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Malaka\u2019daki n\u00fcfuzu kendini giderek hissettirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde[4]<\/a>, Pramaswara ad\u0131yla me\u015fhur Malay sultan\u0131 \u00c7in saray\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaretler ile siyasi erk olarak \u00c7in\u2019i tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bu ba\u011flamda, Malay devletleri i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir yeri olan Malaka site devletinin kuruldu\u011fu Malaka \u015fehrine dair ilk kay\u0131tlar Siam Palatine Yasalar\u0131\u2019nda rastlan\u0131r.[5]<\/a> Bu da Siam Budist Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda yaz\u0131l\u0131\u00a0 kaynaklara verilen \u00f6nem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kayda de\u011ferdir.<\/div>\n
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Siaml\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na delil olarak, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l site devletlerinden olan A\u00e7e\u2019deki Samudra-Pasai Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 limanlardaki faaliyetleri hat\u0131rlan\u0131r. [6]<\/a><\/div>\n
Portekiz kaynaklar\u0131 daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131zda defaatle dile getirdi\u011fimiz \u00fczere, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya tarihinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u0130\u015fte Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki n\u00fcfuzuna dair yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar bu anlamda gene ba\u015fvuru olarak bizi Portekiz kaynaklar\u0131na bakmaya y\u00f6neltiyor.<\/div>\n
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Malaka\u2019n\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesinin ard\u0131ndan me\u015fhur Portekizli komutan Albquerque, \u00f6ncelikle M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlara ard\u0131ndan Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen \u0130slam Sultanl\u0131klar\u0131\u2019na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet i\u00e7erikli politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken, kendine m\u00fcttefik aramaktan da geri durmad\u0131. Bu ba\u011flamda, b\u00f6lgedeki yerli krall\u0131klarla siyasi ve ticari birliktelik ba\u011flam\u0131nda Budist Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de temaslar kurdu.. Malaka \u015fehrinde ise Hindu-Budist t\u00fcccarlara imtiyazlar ve haklar verirken, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kartmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[7]<\/a><\/a><\/div>\n
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15. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile b\u00f6lgenin, b\u00f6lgenin \u0130slam devletlerinden A\u00e7e Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015fme d\u00f6nemine denk gelen bir d\u00f6nemde aras\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 bir etkile\u015fim ya\u015fand\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na ve t\u00fcm A\u00e7e tarihine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuracak olan Sultan \u0130skender Muda\u2019n\u0131 hen\u00fcz gen\u00e7lik d\u00f6nemine rast gelen bu ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda Siam Kral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n A\u00e7e\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi el\u00e7i heyeti Muda\u2019n\u0131n at ve filleri kullanma becerisi ve kabiliyetine tan\u0131k oldular. Bu s\u0131rada m\u00fcneccimler, Muda\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sultan olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi fethedece\u011fini ifade etmesi \u00fczerine, Muda\u2019y\u0131 Siam\u2019a getirmek istedikleri de b\u00f6lge tarihin pek de bilinmeyen ger\u00e7eklerinden biri.[8]<\/b><\/b><\/a> Bu ziyaretin ard\u0131ndan y\u0131llar sonra, Muda tahtta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p A\u00e7e\u2019ye g\u00f6rkemli y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Siam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ticari ve siyasi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6nem verdi.[9]<\/a><\/div>\n
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Siam\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca devam ettirdi\u011fi, \u0130ngilizlerin 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yeni limanlar aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fananlardan anla\u015f\u0131labilir. \u0130ngilizler, alternatifler aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Siam\u2019la ili\u015fkilerin bozulmamas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u2013bug\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir turizm b\u00f6lgesi olarak tan\u0131nan- Puket Adas\u0131\u2019na ilgilerinden k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede vazge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.[10]<\/a><\/div>\n
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20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru d\u00fcnya siyaset iklimi \u00e7oktan de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f. Ya\u015fanan birinci ve \u00f6zellikle ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015flar\u0131 ve Japon yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesi, b\u00f6lgede yeni kurulan \u00fclkeler kervan\u0131na Tayland da eklendi.<\/div>\n
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http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/?aType=haber&ArticleID=165881<\/a><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a>William Foster, (Ed.), A New Account of the East Indies<\/i> -by Alexander Hamilton, Vol I-, N. Israel\/Amsterdam, 1970, s. 116.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[2]<\/a>Graham Thurgood, Graham Thurgood, \u201cThe Historical Place of Acehnese: The Known and the Unknown\u201d, First International Conference of Aceh and Indian Ocean Studies<\/i>, 24-27 February, 2007, Banda Aceh, s. 5.; S. Q. Fatimi, Islam Comes to Malaysia<\/i>, s. 57. <\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[3]<\/a>Keith W. Taylor, \u201cThe Early Kingdoms\u201d, (Ed.), Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia<\/i>, Vol. I, Part I: From early times to 1500, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992, s. 175.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[4]<\/a>Manuel Teixeira, The Portuguese Missions in Malacca and Singapore: 1511-1958<\/i>, Vol. I-Malacca, Agencia-Geral Do Ultramar, Lisboa, 1961, s. 15.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[5]<\/a>Manuel Teixeira, The Portuguese Missions in Malacca and Singapore: 1511-1958<\/i>,\u00a0 s. 9-10.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[6]<\/a>Armando Cortesao, (Ed.), The Suma Oriental Of Tome Pires<\/i>, I. Cilt, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, 1990, s. 107, 142-3.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[7]<\/a>B. Schrieke, Indonesian Sociological Studies<\/i>, Part One, W. Van Hoeve Ltd \u2013 The Hague, Bandung, 1955, s. 42.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[8]<\/a>Teuku Iskandar, (Dikaji dan diperkenalkan), Hikayat Aceh, Yayasan Karyawan Kuala Lumpur, 2001, s. xxxv; Anthony Reid, \u201cContests And Festivals In Seventeenth Century Aceh\u201d, Bunga Rampai Temu Budaya Nusantara PKA-3 (Pekan Kebudayaan Aceh<\/i>) (The Third Aceh Cultural Festival), (Ed.), H. Ismuha, (Ed.), Syiah Kuala University Press, Banda Aceh, 1989, s. 10.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[9]<\/a>J. Paulus, Asal Usul Raja-Raja Aceh<\/i>, Ed., Encyclopedie van N.I.1917 (H. 72-76) A-G, s. 19.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[10]<\/a>P.P. Courtenay, A Geography of Trade and Development in Malaya<\/i>, London, 1972, s. 64.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tayland\u2019da monar\u015fi ile \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yanl\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele devam ederken, \u00fclkenin tarihine k\u0131saca bir g\u00f6z atmakta fayda var. Tayland (Thailand) ad\u0131, yani \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr \u0130nsanlar Yurdu\u201d, g\u00f6rece yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte (1939) verilen kullan\u0131lan bir isim olmakla beraber, b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve bu anlamda G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n kadim gelene\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir yeri vard\u0131r. Tarihte Siam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-tayland"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1029"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1472,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029\/revisions\/1472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}