{"id":6515,"date":"2026-06-13T14:08:09","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T14:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=6515"},"modified":"2026-06-13T14:08:09","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T14:08:09","slug":"keling-genis-malay-dunyasi-ve-toplumsal-kimlik-insasi-keling-the-general-malay-world-and-the-construction-of-social-identity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/keling-genis-malay-dunyasi-ve-toplumsal-kimlik-insasi-keling-the-general-malay-world-and-the-construction-of-social-identity\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cKeling\u201d, geni\u015f Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve toplumsal kimlik in\u015fas\u0131 \/ \u201cKeling, the general Malay World and the construction of social identity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 13.06.2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Geni\u015f Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u0131rkl\u0131, \u00e7ok etnikli yap\u0131s\u0131na dair vurgular neredeyse, her resmi ve uluslararas\u0131 akademik ortamda g\u00fcndeme getirilen bir husustur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, b\u00f6lgedeki ilgili ulus-devletlerin, b\u00fcnyelerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bunun do\u011furdu\u011fu harmoniden ve hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu olgunun yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fundan bir anlamda gurur duymalar\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve ilgili etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00f6lgeyle etkile\u015fimlerinin ortaya koydu\u011fu zenginlik, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7al\u0131 ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcklere konu olan modern d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k yeniden birle\u015ftirici bir unsur olarak g\u00fcndeme getirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bununla birlikte, ulus-devleti yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131n bir unsuru olarak ortaya konulan s\u00f6z konusu bu s\u00f6ylem bu in\u015fas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yine ayn\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n sosyal ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131nda ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, nefret dili gibi ba\u011flamlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da, bir o kadar ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu olguda ya\u015fanan bu \u00e7eli\u015fkili durumun, bug\u00fcn var olan yap\u0131sal durumunu burada ele almayaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aksine, b\u00f6ylesi bir alg\u0131n\u0131n tesisinde, belirli tarihsel k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin etkili oldu\u011funu ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin modern ulus-devlet s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6yleyerek yetinmek istiyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, ilgili \u0131rk ve etnik yap\u0131lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde alg\u0131lan\u0131\u015f ba\u011flamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, taban tabana diyebilece\u011fimiz z\u0131tl\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2018Keling\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlardan biri, \u2018Keling\u2019 kelimesi y\u00fcklenen olumsuz anlamla, kendilerinin bu etnik yap\u0131ya ait oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen toplumsal kesime y\u00f6nelik bir anlamda, \u2018a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131\u2019l\u0131k niteli\u011fiyle an\u0131lmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oysa, tarihi veriler bize G\u00fcney Hindistan\u2019dan gelen toplumsal kesime ad olan \u2018Keling\u2019in, bug\u00fcn yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gibi \u2018a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131\u2019 bir anlam i\u00e7ermedi\u011fidir. Aksine, bu grubun ilgili d\u00f6nemlerin ticaret d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yer alan, ayn\u0131 zamanda baz\u0131 zanaatk\u00e2rl\u0131k gibi alanlarda varl\u0131k g\u00f6sterdiklerini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Endonezyal\u0131 akademisyen Nia Deliana\u2019n\u0131n kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201c<em>The Ocean Remembers: Indians and the Tides of Empire<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 eser, \u2018Keling\u2019 konusuna a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmesiyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, temel itibar\u0131yla bir Hint Okyanusu ba\u011flam\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ticaret, g\u00f6\u00e7, kimlik, de\u011fi\u015fim gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli alt konular\u0131 bir araya getirirken, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u2018Keling\u2019 gibi t\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde, -t\u0131pk\u0131 Lebai\/Labbai, Chulia, Nainar, Marakayyar vb.- yer alan grubun bir t\u00fcr arkeolojisini yapma iddias\u0131nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malezya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen yay\u0131nevlerinden <em>GerakBudaya<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m toplant\u0131s\u0131 bug\u00fcn, yay\u0131nevinin Petaling Jaya\u2019daki merkezinde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n isimleri etkinli\u011fin, akademik bir forum olarak da an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hak ettirecek d\u00fczeydeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nia Deliana, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ana odaklar\u0131ndan biri olan, \u2018Keling\u2019 toplumsal grubuyla ilgili olarak Malayca el yazmalar gibi otantik ile Marco Polo, Ibn Batuta, Tome Pires gibi k\u0131smen birincil veya daha \u00e7ok ikincil diyebilece\u011fimiz kaynaklara dayal\u0131 tarihsel i\u00e7erikli sunumuyla dinleyicileri bilgilendirmesinin ard\u0131ndan, moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Jason Ganesan\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 forum, Singapur Ulusal \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden (NUS) Sumit Mandal ile Endonezya Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130slam \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden (IIIU) Farish A. Noor\u2019un kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130ki \u00f6nemli akademisyen eserli ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ortaya koyarken, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n soru-cevap b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne aktif kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, etkinli\u011fin gayet dinamik bir ortamda ge\u00e7mesine neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018Keling\u2019 toplumsal grubuna mensup olanlar\u0131n temelde, \u2018ticaretle\u2019 me\u015fgul olan kesimler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu hem, Kuzey Sumatra\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hem de, yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen otantik kaynaklara ba\u015fvuruyla ortaya konuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, bu isim \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kaynaklarda Tanah Keling, Benua Keling, Negara Keling olarak zikredilen kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bu toplumsal kesimin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilen bir co\u011frafyaya at\u0131f oldu\u011funa g\u00f6nderme yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Geni\u015f Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keling ve di\u011fer toplumsal gruplar\u0131n Hint Okyanusu ba\u011flam\u0131nda i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 ve ticaret s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde hedeflerden birinin Geni\u015f Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 olmas\u0131 bu olguya k\u0131sa de\u011finmeyi gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keling ve Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ili\u015fkisi, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Tak\u0131madalar b\u00f6lgesinin tarihsel olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u00f6neme sahip olan suyollar\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu suyollar\u0131 Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lan Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendi do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla irili ufakl\u0131 Malay siyasi yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, geni\u015f suyollar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla bir yandan, \u00c7in ve \u00f6te yandan, Hindistan ile olan ve devaml\u0131l\u0131k arz eden ili\u015fkilili\u011fi bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu co\u011frafi varl\u0131k ve do\u011frudan ili\u015fkililik hali, bize Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n veya Tak\u0131madalar\u2019\u0131n tarih boyunca etkin bir co\u011frafi yap\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve de\u011fi\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu gibi, de\u011fi\u015fimi talep eden bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn de oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylememize imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda statik bir Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 veya Tak\u0131madalar d\u00fcnyas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aksine, yukar\u0131da k\u0131saca de\u011finilen suyollar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda hem, i\u00e7 ve hem de, d\u0131\u015f unsurlar\u0131n Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile irtiban\u0131n\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131k arz etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu anlamda, tarih boyunca d\u0131\u015f etkilenimler b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in siyasal, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir tehdit de\u011fil olarak alg\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aksine, b\u00f6lgenin bu alanlarda geni\u015flemesi ve geli\u015fmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin i\u00e7inde yer alan yabanc\u0131 toplumsal gruplardan biri ad\u0131na \u2018Keling\u2019 denilen, G\u00fcney Hindistan \u00f6zellikle de, Koromandel sahil b\u00f6lgesi k\u00f6kenli toplumsal gruptur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Varl\u0131klar\u0131, Bengal K\u00f6rfezi ile Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131 boyunca uzanan kara toprak par\u00e7alar\u0131nda ve Adalar\u2019da hissettiren \u2018Keling\u2019lerin t\u0131pk\u0131, benzeri topluluklar gibi, ba\u015fta ticaret alan\u0131ndaki varl\u0131klar\u0131 onlar\u0131, tarihin erken d\u00f6nemlerinden itibaren, b\u00f6lgede etkileri hissedilen gruplar aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelimenin etimolojik k\u00f6kenine dair veri eksikli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler akla Hindistan\u2019da \u201c<em>Kalinga<\/em>\u201d d\u00f6nemini akla getirse de, temel kaynaklara eri\u015fene kadar bu hususu temkinli kar\u015f\u0131lamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Anlam kayb\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir toplumsal gruba ad olan \u2018Keling\u2019in anlam kayb\u0131n\u0131n ne zaman oldu\u011fu konusu bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorusu olarak halen \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcreciyle birlikte ya\u015fanan baz\u0131 geli\u015fmeler ki, bunlar aras\u0131nda n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 gibi s\u00fcre\u00e7ler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, Tak\u0131madalar b\u00f6lgesindeki etknik unsurlar\u0131n, Bat\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci yap\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kategorilere ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak yeniden tan\u0131mlanmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde yer verilen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00f6ncesi ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi gibi iki tarihsel parametreye vurgu yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve ilkinde, \u2018Keling\u2019 toplumsal grubu kendinde Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki \u2018pozitif\u2019 veya en az\u0131ndan, \u2018n\u00f6tr\u2019 denilebilecek anlam ile ili\u015fkilendirilirken, ikinci d\u00f6nemde k\u0131r\u0131lmaya u\u011frayarak etkisini bug\u00fcne kadar devam ettirmi\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nia Deliana\u2019n\u0131n, Hint Okyanusu temelli g\u00f6\u00e7 ve ticaret s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Keling\u2019 kavram\u0131, tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi belgelerle ortaya koyarken, ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ulus-devletleri b\u00fcnyesinde var olan baz\u0131 olgular\u0131n yeniden sorgulanmas\u0131na da kap\u0131 aral\u0131yor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 13.06.2026 Geni\u015f Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u0131rkl\u0131, \u00e7ok etnikli yap\u0131s\u0131na dair vurgular neredeyse, her resmi ve uluslararas\u0131 akademik ortamda g\u00fcndeme getirilen bir husustur. Bu durum, b\u00f6lgedeki ilgili ulus-devletlerin, b\u00fcnyelerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bunun do\u011furdu\u011fu harmoniden ve hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu olgunun yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fundan bir anlamda gurur duymalar\u0131na neden olur. Ve [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6515"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6515\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}