{"id":6163,"date":"2025-10-18T15:15:48","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T15:15:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=6163"},"modified":"2025-10-18T15:15:54","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T15:15:54","slug":"filistininde-sorunun-kokenine-dair-2-abdulhamit-toprak-vermedi-ama-yahudiler-aldi-on-the-roots-of-the-problem-in-palestine-abdulhamid-ii-did-not-give-land-but-the-jews-took-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/filistininde-sorunun-kokenine-dair-2-abdulhamit-toprak-vermedi-ama-yahudiler-aldi-on-the-roots-of-the-problem-in-palestine-abdulhamid-ii-did-not-give-land-but-the-jews-took-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Filistin\u2019inde sorunun k\u00f6kenine dair: 2. Abd\u00fclhamit toprak vermedi, ama Yahudiler ald\u0131 \/ On the roots of the problem in Palestine: Abd\u00fclhamid II did not give land, but the Jews took it"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                                  18.10.2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131 ve geli\u015fmeleri salt bug\u00fcn\u00fcn verileriyle anlamak ve h\u00e2l yoluna koyma \u00e7abas\u0131nda bulunmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki geli\u015fmeleri izleyenlerce yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131k olunan bu husus, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da, Filistin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve Filistinlileri ilgilendiren geli\u015fmeler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlilik ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0131zla akan g\u00fcndeminde, destek\u00e7ilere ve kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa mesaj yeti\u015ftirme ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 her t\u00fcr\u00fcnden haber a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n bu anlamda, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fler kadar, g\u00f6remedi\u011fi i\u015flevler de var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen i\u015flevlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclememekten kaynaklan\u0131rken, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de zamans\u0131zl\u0131k, ilgisizlik ve bilgisizlikten ne\u015fet ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada, Filistin\u2019de olan bitenleri tarihsel-politik a\u00e7\u0131dan ele alarak, var olan sorunun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soruna analitik yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filistin topraklar\u0131nda 1948\u2019den bu yana geli\u015fme g\u00f6steren ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler y\u0131ll\u0131k toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kadar yans\u0131yan, fiziki ve teritoryal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m ortada kendini tabiri caizse, hi\u00e7\u2019den var eden bir ulusun yani, \u0130srail\u2019in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucunu getiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u0130srail halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 vs. gibi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatay\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sorunu ele al\u0131\u015f tarz\u0131m, kendini k\u00fcresel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumun hamisi olarak kabul eden ve\/ya k\u00fcresel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumun en az\u0131ndan belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerince kendilerinin hamisi oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131 bir devlette yani, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemdeki geli\u015fmelerin yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesini gerektirecek \u00f6nemdedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemindeki geli\u015fmeler ile sadece Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7 siyasetinin, saray ve \u00e7evresinin, saray ve \u00e7evresine muhalif olanlar\u0131n tekelinde ve g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde olan geli\u015fmeleri kastetmiyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bu ad\u0131na \u2018i\u00e7 sorunlar ve geli\u015fmeler\u2019 denilen s\u00fcre\u00e7ler \u00fczerinde de etkisi oldu\u011funu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc verilerle ortaya koyabilece\u011fimizi ve bu anlamda, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na do\u011fru gitmemiz gereken g\u00f6rece uzun bir d\u00f6nemi dikkate almak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabii, bu k\u0131sa yaz\u0131da b\u00fct\u00fcn bu olan bitenleri ele alacak de\u011filim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu c\u00fcmlelerle, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz bu g\u00fcnlerdeki bir meselenin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve geli\u015fimi ile y\u00f6nelimine konu olabilecek baz\u0131 hususlar\u0131n, tarihin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak i\u00e7in…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rt temel alan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131ya temel olan hususu d\u00f6rt temel tarihi veri veya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 ile ortaya koymakta yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlardan ilki, Avrupa\u2019daki geli\u015fmeler; ikincisi, bu geli\u015fmeler neticesinde Yahudi toplumunun g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00fcreci; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc; Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve \u00f6zellikle, yine Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin dayatmas\u0131 ve k\u0131smen, Osmanl\u0131 siyasi elitinin kabul\u00fc ve onay\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 reform s\u00fcrecinde uygulanan kapit\u00fclasyonlar; d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, Osmanl\u0131 idare sisteminin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n zaafiyetleri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6rt alan, bize bug\u00fcn Filistin\u2019de ya\u015fananlar\u0131n, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, Filistin topraklar\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131ma varacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u015fiddeti normalle\u015ftiren \u0130srail devletinin, hangi temeller ve nedenler \u00fczerinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tuttu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte bu alanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ele almak yerine, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmak istedi\u011fim birka\u00e7 alan\u0131 \u00f6zetle ortaya koymak istiyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yahudi toplumunun Avrupa\u2019da, \u00f6zellikle de, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda \u2018pogrom<\/em>\u2019 s\u00fcrecinde do\u011fan siyasal geli\u015fmeler neticesinde kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131lar neticesinde g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00fcreci ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupada ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Yahudi toplumunun g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00fcrecinde ni\u00e7in Filistin\u2019i bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 yani, yeni bir vatan se\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in, Yahudi teolojisine d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakmak gerekiyor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada akl\u0131ma, \u00f6rne\u011fin, \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda yani, 1498 s\u00fcrecinde ba\u015flayan ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Katolik bask\u0131s\u0131 sonras\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na getirilen Yahudilerin o d\u00f6nem Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminden, Filistin topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilme talebinde bulunup bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131, ilgin\u00e7 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, genel itibar\u0131yla s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, ayn\u0131 Yahudi toplumumun, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l son birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131nda tabi olduklar\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7 talepleri ve isteklerinin Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6\u00e7 olarak y\u00f6nelim sergilemesi kadar, belirli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve isten\u00e7li olarak kadim Filistin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeleri gayet \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u00fcrece dair bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli husus, bug\u00fcn \u0130srail\u2019in resmi ideolojisi olarak dikkat \u00e7ekilen Siyonizmin kurucu babalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn erken evrelerinde ki, tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan Siyonist-\u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem olarak dikkat \u00e7ekilen 1881-1897 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, hen\u00fcz ortal\u0131kla g\u00f6z\u00fckmemeleridir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lgin\u00e7tir, bu d\u00f6nem yani, 1880\u2019den itibaren ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, 2. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in \u00f6zellikle, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131plardan korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na matuf olarak g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi Pan-\u0130slamc\u0131 politikalar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na denk gelmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in kendisine atfedildi\u011fi haliyle, \u201cYahudilere bir kar\u0131\u015f toprak vermedi\u011fi\u201d \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlenen politikas\u0131yla, bu s\u00fcrecin tetiklemesiyle Pan-\u0130slamc\u0131 politikaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek istemiyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ifadeyi bir tez olarak sunabilmek i\u00e7in epeyce bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmaya gerek var. Ancak k\u0131saca, s\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fim, iki \u00f6nemli tarihsel s\u00fcrecin ayn\u0131 anda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan Yahudi g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin, en az\u0131ndan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, muhtemelen Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erek, Filistin\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada dikkat \u00e7ekmek istedi\u011fim husus, \u2018hen\u00fcz\u2019 siyasal g\u00fc\u00e7leri geli\u015fmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Yahudi toplumunun tekil ve gruplar halinde Filistin topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fta 2. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in politikalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, nas\u0131l olup da yerle\u015fimci hale geldikleri, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, Filistin\u2019in farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde toprak sat\u0131n al\u0131p yerle\u015febildikleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 yukar\u0131da zikretti\u011fim maddelerden ikincisi ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir bir durumdur. Yani, d\u00f6nemin Avrupa devletlerinin, Kud\u00fcs\u2019te var olan konsolosluklar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Yahudi toplumunun toprak al\u0131mlar\u0131 ve yerle\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde kataliz\u00f6r i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmeleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, bize yine ilgili maddeler i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u2018kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u2019 ba\u011flam\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 devleti ile yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalarda \u201cbizim vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z… \u201c diye ba\u015flayan c\u00fcmlelerle ilgili Avrupa devletlerinin vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumalar\u0131yla ilgili ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu olguyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131mda, akl\u0131ma hemen \u015fu soru geldi: \u201cFilistin topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 edenler sadece, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 Yahudileri miydi?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herhalde de\u011fil…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve bu soruya verilebilecek cevap, Filistin topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7e y\u00f6nelenler sadece, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Yahudi toplumu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6rne\u011fin Avusturya-Macaristan gibi,[3]<\/a> Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde \u2018vatanda\u015f\u2019 stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015f olan Yahudiler de bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tedbirler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 devletinde ya\u015fanan ancak, Osmanl\u0131 toplumu ve idaresini do\u011frudan ilgilendiren bu d\u0131\u015f geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin, bir ba\u015fka a\u00e7\u0131dan s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse 2. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in ortaya koydu\u011fu politikalar Kud\u00fcs Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na atanan valilerce y\u00f6netmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1881-1897 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yani, Siyonist kurulu\u015fun kendini deklare ettti\u011fi y\u0131la kadar, K\u00fcdus\u2019te g\u00f6rev yapan valiler, Mehmet \u015eerif Rauf Pa\u015fa, Re\u015fad Pa\u015fa, \u0130brahim Hakk\u0131 Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saraya yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131, ya da saray\u0131n bizzat bu isimleri Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011fa lay\u0131k g\u00f6rmesi kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve bilin\u00e7li oldu\u011fu ve devlet politikas\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar uygulanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na matuf oldu\u011fu sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu 16 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Yahudi toplumunun Filistin topraklar\u0131na giri\u015fi, toprak sat\u0131n almas\u0131 ve koloni kurmas\u0131 yani, yerle\u015fmesi yasaklanmakla birlikte, peyderpey Yahudilerin yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeli olu\u015fturabildikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada birka\u00e7 fakt\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gerekiyor. Yahudilerin b\u00f6lgeye \u2018seyahat\u2019 etmelerinin yolunu a\u00e7an ilk neden, dini bir sevk ve heyecan yani, \u201chac\u201d.[4]<\/a> Yahudiler, kendilerince kutsal addedilen topraklara hac amac\u0131yla girebiliyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada, herhalde \u0130ngilizler hakimiyetindeki M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan[5]<\/a> aktarmal\u0131 olarak Filistin topraklar\u0131na ge\u00e7tiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek olduk\u00e7a mant\u0131kl\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada bir parantez a\u00e7\u0131p, belki t\u0131pk\u0131 bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi, d\u00fcn de Filistin\u2019le ilgili geli\u015fmelerin ba\u015flamas\u0131, sorunsal hale gelmesi ve kangrenle\u015fmesinde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n hem, bir co\u011frafya olarak ve hem de, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 y\u00f6neten siyasiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir ili\u015fkinin var oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hac s\u00fcrecini de y\u00f6netti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan baz\u0131 kurumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fin, Filistin Ke\u015fif Fon\u2019u (Palestine Exploration Fund<\/em>) gibi kurumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131,[6]<\/a> bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir yandan, Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin Kud\u00fcs\u2019teki konsoloslar\u0131yla yak\u0131n i\u015fbirlikleri, \u00f6te yandan Osmanl\u0131 ba\u015fkentinde \u00f6rne\u011fin, yine Avrupa el\u00e7ilikleri gibi n\u00fcfuzlu alanlarla i\u015fbirlikleri dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6zellikleri olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcyle birlikte Siyonist olu\u015fumlar olarak dikkat \u00e7eken kurumlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 eklenecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlardan, \u0130ngiliz-Filistin \u015eirketi (Anglo-Palestine Company<\/em>-APC), 1903 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren b\u00f6lgede \u00f6nemli faaliyetleriyle dikkat \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz gibi, d\u00fcn de kendine g\u00f6\u00e7men denilen kitlelerin yerle\u015fim hakk\u0131 edinebilmelerinin baz\u0131 gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k, resmi\/gayr\u0131-resmi s\u00fcre\u00e7leri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar\u0131n birisi, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, \u2018r\u00fc\u015fvet\u2019…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcnlerde, konuyla ilgili metinleri okurken, \u2018r\u00fc\u015fvet\u2019 olgusuyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131mda akl\u0131ma, Suriye\u2019ye vali olarak atanan Mithat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n idarede \u00f6ncelikli olarak uygulamaya koydu\u011fu reformlar\u0131ndan biri akl\u0131ma geldi ister istemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pa\u015fa, idarede yayg\u0131n olan yolsuzluk-r\u00fc\u015fvet s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin halledilemesi halinde b\u00f6lgenin y\u00f6netiminin zorlu\u011funu fark etmesiyle merkeze yani, \u0130stanbul\u2019a memur maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisinde bulunur ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te istedi\u011fi reformu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mithat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ayn\u0131-benzeri bir co\u011frafya\u2019da, Yahudi toplumunun g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden sadece, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nacak olursa, Suriye\u2019deki bu reformun Kud\u00fcs\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yahudi toplumu ad\u0131na hareket eden yap\u0131lar\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri de uygulamaya koydu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, valilerin devlet topra\u011f\u0131 yani, miri topra\u011f\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u2018m\u00fclk\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi, toprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an geli\u015fmelerden biri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fim Yahudilerin kurduklar\u0131 kurumlar s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u00e7e\u015fitli yol ve imk\u00e2nlarla sadece, toprak al\u0131m\u0131nda bulunmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belki de, bu s\u00fcrece girmelerini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde, Kud\u00fcs Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu mali deste\u011fe katk\u0131da bulundular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mutasarr\u0131f Kaz\u0131m Bey d\u00f6neminde 1.000 TL ile ba\u015flayan \u201cbor\u00e7\u201d verme s\u00fcreci 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda 56.000 TL\u2019ye ula\u015fmas\u0131, ilgili Yahudi kurumlar\u0131n ekonomi-politialar\u0131n\u0131n neye tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. S\u00f6z konusu borcun Mutasarr\u0131flar\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden vergi toplayamamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6ndermek \u00fczere mali yap\u0131lar\u0131 da olan ilgili kurumlardan bor\u00e7 almalar\u0131d\u0131r.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yahudi yerle\u015fimcilerin \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde toprak al\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminden, \u201ctoprak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131\u201d emri gelse de, s\u00fcrecin \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z i\u015fleyen mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131sa olmas\u0131na gayret etti\u011fim bu yaz\u0131da, bug\u00fcn Filistin\u2019de kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nan sorunun temellerinde hangi fakt\u00f6rlerin rol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Tarihsel geli\u015fmelerin bug\u00fcne etkisi kadar, tarihte olan bitenlerin tek fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc de\u011fil, \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc nedenlerin sonucu oldu\u011funu bir kez daha hat\u0131rlamakta yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tarihsel bilin\u00e7 ve alg\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmeye elbette bir katk\u0131s\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bunu hep birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Mandel, Neville J. (1975). \u201cOttoman Practice as Regards Jewish Settlement in Palestine: 1881-1908\u201d, Middle Eastern Studies<\/em>,Vol. 11, No. 1, (January), s. 39. (33-46).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Kushner, David. (1996). \u201cAli Ekrem Bey, Governor of Jerusalem, 1906-1908\u201d, International Journal of Middle East Studies<\/em>, Vol. 28, No. 3, (August), s. 350, 351. (349-362).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Mandel, (1975). s. 34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 38, 39.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                                  18.10.2025 Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131 ve geli\u015fmeleri salt bug\u00fcn\u00fcn verileriyle anlamak ve h\u00e2l yoluna koyma \u00e7abas\u0131nda bulunmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki geli\u015fmeleri izleyenlerce yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131k olunan bu husus, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da, Filistin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve Filistinlileri ilgilendiren geli\u015fmeler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlilik ta\u015f\u0131yor. G\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0131zla akan g\u00fcndeminde, destek\u00e7ilere ve kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa mesaj yeti\u015ftirme ile […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-ortadogumiddle-east"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6163","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6163"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6163\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6163"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6163"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}