13 \u015eubat, Myanmar\u2019\u0131 \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131yan lider Aung San\u2019\u0131n 100. do\u011fum y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Irdrawaddy Vadisi\u2019nde, Natmauk\u2019da Bamar k\u00f6kenli avukat bir baban\u0131n o\u011flu olarak d\u00fcnyaya gelen Aung San, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemini sonland\u0131racak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadeleleri aras\u0131nda kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir yer edinmi\u015f ulusal kahraman konumuna geldi.<\/p>\n
On y\u0131llarca iktidardaki cunta liderlerince ve de geni\u015f halk kesimleri taraf\u0131ndan \u2018Bogyoke<\/em>\u2019, yani General lakab\u0131yla an\u0131lan Aung San\u2019\u0131n siyasi me\u015fruiyeti konusunda tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bir yandan, 1950\u2019li y\u0131llardan bu yana \u00fclkede iktidar\u0131 elinde tutan ordu gerekse sivil kesimler ki, bu anlamda \u2018General\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Suu Kyi\u2019nin 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendili\u011finden ba\u015flayan dev g\u00f6sterilerde ve bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcren siyasi muhalefet rol\u00fcn\u00fc bu me\u015fruiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ordu, Aung San\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ulusal g\u00fcn il\u00e2n ederek, \u2018General\u2019i, bir anlamda birbiri ard\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fclke iktidar\u0131n\u0131 elinde tutan junta rejimlerinin dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterirken, Suu Kyi\u2019nin \u2018sivil\u2019 inisiyatifiyle on binlerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir t\u00fcr kar\u015f\u0131 anma t\u00f6renleri Aung San\u2019\u0131n nereye ait oldu\u011funa gizli bir referans niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bir liderin ilhak kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu bu iki yap\u0131: birincisi, \u00fclke iktidar\u0131n\u0131 altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131l boyunca elinde tutmu\u015f olan cunta rejimlerini \u00fcreten ordu; ikincisi ise, \u00f6nceki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdeki hak aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan geni\u015f kitlelerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla kayda de\u011fer protesto ve hak taleplerine ge\u00e7ildi\u011finin i\u015faretini veren 1988 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana devam eden demokratikle\u015fmeyi \u00f6ncelleyen sivil inisiyatif. Birbirine z\u0131t bu iki yap\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olup da Aung San\u2019\u0131n kimli\u011fi etraf\u0131nda \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclendi\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131 hak edecek bir konudur.<\/p>\n \u00dclke siyasal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ordu ve \u00fcretti\u011fi cunta rejimler, kendisinin varl\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayn\u0131 Aung San\u2019\u0131 Myanmar toplumunun g\u00f6z\u00fcnde itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma giri\u015fimi denmese de, unutturmaya y\u00fcz tutacak bir politika izledi\u011fi de biliniyor. Ancak halk\u0131n, kurucu lidere sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n somut ifadesi, cunta rejiminin giderek artan bask\u0131 ve zulm\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda lider aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ayyuka \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, Aung San\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Suu Kyi\u2019i bir anlamda \u2018g\u00f6reve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131yla\u2019 cuntaya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k veriyordu.<\/p>\n Aung San, \u00e7elimsiz bedenine ra\u011fmen, \u00e7elik gibi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yetene\u011fi ve inat\u00e7\u0131 ki\u015fili\u011fi ile \u00fcniversite y\u0131llar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak t\u00fcm s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 koyan duru\u015fu g\u00f6rece k\u0131sa s\u00fcren ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendiren en \u00f6nemli olgu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00dclkesinin siyaset ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ortam\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendiren \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015fu, \u2018Asyal\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 ruhunu bu topraklara ta\u015f\u0131yan Japonlar\u0131n \u00fclke topraklar\u0131na giri\u015fiyle bir anlamda do\u011fal bir ittifak olu\u015fumuna zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Ancak Japonlar\u0131n bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcm noktas\u0131nda \u0130ngilizleri aratmayacak uygulamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu sefer \u2018Asya g\u00fcc\u00fcne\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele saflar\u0131nda yer alan Aung San, bir anlamda b\u00f6lgenin siyasi gelece\u011fini okuyabildi\u011fini ve bunu \u0130ngilizlerle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k masas\u0131na kadar gidecek bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi s\u00fcrecini ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyebiliriz<\/p>\n \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 sivil itaatsizlik anlam\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015funu, Japon i\u015fgaliyle s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren Aung San, s\u00fcre\u00e7te oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayda de\u011fer rolle ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketinin lideri oldu. Tabii bu noktada, Aung San\u2019\u0131n, bug\u00fcn ad\u0131na Myanmar denilen topraklarda halk\u0131n %70\u2019ini olu\u015fturan Bamarlara mensubiyeti kadar, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 iyi okuyabildi\u011fini ortaya koyan bir politika izleyerek Irrawady Vadisini \u00e7evreleyen \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik yap\u0131larla da ittifakkurma beceri sergiledi\u011fini hat\u0131rda tutmakta fayda var. \u00d6yle ki, Aung San, hi\u00e7bir ulusun bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na alma hakk\u0131na sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getirirken, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemindeki iktidar ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumuna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 kadar, yeni olu\u015facak siyasal sistemde \u00fclke topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fam s\u00fcren etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n gelece\u011fine de at\u0131fta bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn,modern Myanmar\u2019\u0131 inceleme konusu yapan yerli yabanc\u0131 uzmanlar aras\u0131nda Aung San\u2019\u0131n bir \u00f6nemi var ise, ku\u015fkusuz ki, bunun \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 1948 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplumsal ve siyasal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015f \u00fclkede, kurulu\u015f s\u00fcrecinde bu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 Aung San\u2019la sa\u011flanabilece\u011finin kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkesi konumundaki Myanmar\u2019\u0131n, t\u0131pk\u0131 benzeri \u00fclkelerde oldu\u011fu gibi, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde konu oldu\u011fu Bat\u0131l\u0131 uluslar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi, 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Japon i\u015fgali ve akabinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k elde etme m\u00fccadelesiyle s\u00fcren \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 y\u0131llardaki rol\u00fcyle an\u0131lmakla kalm\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u00e7ok etnikli bir ulus in\u015fas\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir y\u00f6ntem izlenece\u011finin, belki de en iyi \u00f6rneklerinden birini sunmas\u0131yla, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin \u00f6tesinde bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu. \u00d6yle ki, Aung San, 23 May\u0131s 1947 tarihinde Rangoon\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada, \u00fclkenin \u00e7o\u011fulcu etnik ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine at\u0131fya kurulacak yeni siyasi nizamda \u0131rk-din-etnik temel ayr\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturan Bamar etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan say\u0131s\u0131 135\u2019i bulan irili ufakl\u0131 etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131n haklar\u0131 konusunu \u0130ngilizlerle yap\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde de g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi biliniyor.<\/p>\n Ancak Aung San\u2019\u0131n kaleme al\u0131nacak anayasada t\u00fcm etnik ve dini yap\u0131lar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelleyen yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na eklemlenecek yer alt\u0131 ve yer \u00fcst\u00fc zenginlikleriyle dikkat \u00e7eken Myanmar\u2019\u0131 t\u00fcm b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in model yapabilecek bir ulus devlet in\u015fas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ilk \u00e7\u0131kan ise d\u00f6nemin ordu generalleri oldu. \u00dcniversite y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flayan m\u00fccadeleci yap\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Aung San, demokratik ve sivil haklar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusunda sistemin \u00e7ok\u00e7a \u00f6tesinde bir ideolojiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, akla ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda o d\u00f6nemki ad\u0131yla Malaya topraklar\u0131nda \u201cBirle\u015fik Ulusal Malay Organizasyonu\u201dnun (UMNO) kurucusu Dato Onn bin Jaafar\u2019\u0131 getiriyor. Malaya da, Burma gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da olmasa da, etnik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ile dikkat \u00e7eken bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Dato Onn\u2019un, daha ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6ncesinde UMNO\u2019nun sadece Malaylardan olu\u015fan etnik k\u00f6kenli bir parti yerine, t\u00fcm etnik yap\u0131lara kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131 konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne parti i\u00e7inden y\u00fckselen itirazlar nedeniyle kurdu\u011fu ve \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu bu siyasi yap\u0131dan 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayr\u0131lmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcren etnik ve dini ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n k\u00f6keni olarak dikkat \u00e7ekilebilir.<\/p>\n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u00f6zde siyasi bir de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecine ad\u0131m atam Myanmar\u2019da bu y\u0131l yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7imler tarihin bir cilvesi olarak Aung San\u2019\u0131n 100. do\u011fum y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne denk geliyor. Myanmar\u2019da ordunun perde arkas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynamaya devam etti\u011fi yar\u0131 sivil y\u00f6netimin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlendi\u011fi i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz bu d\u00f6nemde, Aung San\u2019\u0131n siyasi miras\u0131na lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Suu Kyi\u2019nin bu mirasa ne denli sadakat g\u00f6sterip g\u00f6stermeyece\u011fi veya kendisine bunu sergileme \u015fans\u0131 verilip verilmeyece\u011fi konusunda \u015f\u00fcpheler devam ediyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 13 \u015eubat, Myanmar\u2019\u0131 \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131yan lider Aung San\u2019\u0131n 100. do\u011fum y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Irdrawaddy Vadisi\u2019nde, Natmauk\u2019da Bamar k\u00f6kenli avukat bir baban\u0131n o\u011flu olarak d\u00fcnyaya gelen Aung San, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemini sonland\u0131racak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadeleleri aras\u0131nda kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir yer edinmi\u015f ulusal kahraman konumuna geldi. On y\u0131llarca iktidardaki […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-myanmar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=607"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/607\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}