{"id":5723,"date":"2025-02-22T14:14:12","date_gmt":"2025-02-22T14:14:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5723"},"modified":"2025-02-22T14:16:55","modified_gmt":"2025-02-22T14:16:55","slug":"osmanli-malay-calismalari-hakkinda-bir-deneme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/osmanli-malay-calismalari-hakkinda-bir-deneme\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cOsmanl\u0131-Malay \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d Hakk\u0131nda K\u0131sa Bir Deneme \/ A Short Essay on \u201cOttoman-Malay Studies\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay 22.02.2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131-Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 konusunda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve bir oturumda sunma imk\u0203n\u0131 buldu\u011fum g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yeniden payla\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FSM Vak\u0131f \u00dcniversitesi Osmanl\u0131 Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve Uygulama Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen \u201cModern T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinde I. Hint Okyanusu ve Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftaya ho\u015f geldiniz sefalar getirdiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131n burada haz\u0131r bulunan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131yla verimli ge\u00e7mesini ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131n merkezin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na y\u00f6n vermesini temenni ediyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca, bu alanda akademik faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte olan siz k\u0131ymetli hocalar\u0131m\u0131zla, politika yap\u0131c\u0131lara ve sahada g\u00f6rev yapan \u00e7e\u015fitli kurum temsilcilerimizle yak\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fine kap\u0131 aralamas\u0131 arzusunu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirtmek istiyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aram\u0131zda daha \u00f6nce bu merkezde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, etkinliklerine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011ferli kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar var. Bununla birlikte, merkezin ad\u0131n\u0131 duymakla birlikte bug\u00fcn, merkezin bu binas\u0131na ve bir aktivitesine ilk defa kat\u0131lan di\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak merkezle ilgili k\u0131sa bir tan\u0131t\u0131m yapman\u0131n faydal\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Uygulama merkezinin kurulmas\u0131 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Malezya Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130slam \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin teklifiyle Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iradesiyle FSM Vak\u0131f \u00dcniversitesi b\u00fcnyesinde kurulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylesi bir merkezin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na duyulan ihtiyac\u0131n \u00f6nceki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u00e7e\u015fitli vesilelerle g\u00fcndeme getirildi\u011fini de belirtmek istiyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 ve Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve Uygulamalar\u0131 Merkezi\u201d Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vak\u0131f \u00dcniversitesi (FSMV\u00dc) ile Uluslararas\u0131 Malezya \u0130slam \u00dcniversitesi (International Islamic University of Malaysia-IIUM) aras\u0131nda 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda var\u0131lan anla\u015fma gere\u011fince, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. Merkez, FSMV\u00dc\u2019nin Topkap\u0131 kamp\u00fcs\u00fcnde faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkezin ad\u0131yla ilgili olarak baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftaydaki kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma alanlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda da faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, merkezin ad\u0131nda ge\u00e7en \u2018Osmanl\u0131\u2019 kelimesi hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, 1299-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda siyasi egemenli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne referans yapmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, Osmanl\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk kelimesinin do\u011fruluk veya yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yana, birbiri yerine kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alarak T\u00fcrk kelimesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n da dikkate al\u0131nabilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. \u00d6yle ki, Osmanl\u0131 Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 dendi\u011finde, T\u00fcrk unsuruna at\u0131f yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ilgili co\u011frafyalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 derinle\u015ftirmenin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olabilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmek istiyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bu ba\u011flamda, Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6neminin Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131-Hint Okyanusu ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki etkinli\u011finin ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu olmas\u0131n\u0131n ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, girizg\u00e2h niteli\u011finde baz\u0131 hususlar\u0131n ortaya konuldu\u011funu belirtmek isteriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkezin ad\u0131nda yer alan \u2018Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019 kavram\u0131 ise \u00e7ok\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgeye dair bilgi eksikli\u011fimizin de bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak \u00fczere ak\u0131llara g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Malezya Federasyonu ad\u0131yla bilinen devleti getirmektedir. Merkezin kurulu\u015funda, Malezya Federasyonu\u2019ndan bir \u00fcniversite ile i\u015fbirli\u011finin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da, bunda \u015fu veya bu derece rol\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylememiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, merkezin kurulu\u015fundan bu yana yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 toplant\u0131lar ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, \u2018Malay\u2019 kelimesinin neye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fi konusunda merkez yetkililerinin baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede k\u0131saca ifade etmek gerekirse, Malay kelimesi antropolojik ve sosyolojik olarak bug\u00fcn, ad\u0131na G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131 denilen co\u011frafyada egemen devletler olarak h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Malezya Federasyonu, Endonezya Cumhuriyeti, Bruney Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki n\u00fcfusun kahir ekseriyetini olu\u015fturan insan sto\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. Bu co\u011frafi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, Malay dilinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair referanslarla desteklenmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131 (Malaya), Sumatra, Borneo Adalar\u0131, Cava Adas\u0131\u2019nda (Jakarta), Molukkas, Bat\u0131 Papua Gine\u2019de kullan\u0131lan dilin tarihsel olarak Malaycaya tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekilmektedir (Teeuw, 1959: 139).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yine ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyada Tayland\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Patani b\u00f6lgesi, Filipinler Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin g\u00fcneyinde, Mindanao ve Sulu Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fayan ve her iki \u00fclkede yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 5 il\u0203 10 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen n\u00fcfusu da i\u00e7ine alan toplumu i\u00e7ermektedir. Bir ada devleti olan Singapur Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde ise n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 15\u2019i Malay n\u00fcfusundan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, G\u00fcney Asya veya Hint Alt k\u0131tas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda bulunan Sri Lanka eski ad\u0131yla Seylan (Ceylon), Do\u011fu Afrika a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndaki Madagaskar Adas\u0131 ile G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131k grubu da olsa, Malay n\u00fcfusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0131n\u0131flamaya, Malay el yazmalar\u0131 kolleksiyoneri ve bu konularda eserler kaleme alm\u0131\u015f olan merhum Wan Muhammed Sagir Abdullah\u2019\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan hareketle Burma yani, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Myanmar\u2019da da, az say\u0131da bir Malay toplumundan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn (Abdullah, 2015: 342).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada, \u00f6zetle ifade etmek gerekirse Malezya Federasyonu, Endonezya Cumhuriyeti, Singapur Cumhuriyeti ve Bruney Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletleri ile Tayland\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Patani ve Filipinler\u2019in g\u00fcneyinde Moro-Mindanao b\u00f6lgesi Malay co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n birincil alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almaktad\u0131r. Buna il\u00e2ve olarak tarihsel olarak Malay diasporas\u0131n\u0131n Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Madagaskar (Barendse, 2002: 6) ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle, bu co\u011frafyay\u0131 Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131na kadar geni\u015fletilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Malay\u2019 ile \u2018Malezya\u2019 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye ra\u011fmen, \u2018Malay\u2019 kavram\u0131n hem, co\u011frafi ve hem de, antropolojik olarak \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131yor. Bu ba\u011flamda, \u2018Malay\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz ve Hollandal\u0131 sosyal bilimciler kayda de\u011fer belirleyici rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u0131sa bir literat\u00fcr taramas\u0131nda bunlara ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Burada birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, Anthony Reid\u2019in \u201cMelayu\u2019yu (Malay) Farkl\u0131 Modern Kimliklerden Biri Olarak Anlamak\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesi (Reid, 2001: 295-313) ile A. Teeuw\u2019un \u201cMalay Dili Tarihi: Bir \u00d6n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesini (Teeuw, 1959) g\u00fcndeme getirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki geli\u015fmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Pan-Malay kavram\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle de, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketleri s\u00fcrecinde g\u00fcndeme getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin A\u00e7e\u2019de, \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Malay Birli\u011fi\u2019 (Malaya Raya), -bu ideolojik yakla\u015f\u0131m, Pan-Malaya veya Indonesia Raya ad\u0131yla da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r- d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini eserlerinde i\u015flemi\u015f olan merhum Ali Ha\u015fimi gibi birka\u00e7 entellekt\u00fcel akademisyen d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bunu duymak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada, Pan-Malay kavram\u0131n\u0131n 1930\u2019larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sek\u00fcler milliyet\u00e7i \u00e7evrelerce g\u00fcndeme getirildi\u011fine tan\u0131k olunmaktad\u0131r. Bu noktada, s\u00f6z konusu bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n, en \u00f6nemli temsilcilerinden biri Tan Malaka\u2019d\u0131r (\u00f6. 1949) (Reid, 1999: 17).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda ise, Dr. Burhaneddin el-Hilmy (1911-1969) ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Malaya topraklar\u0131nda sergiledikleri bu siyasi duru\u015f, Cava ve Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki sek\u00fcler milliyet\u00e7i ve baz\u0131 \u0130slamc\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n da oldu\u011funu iddia edebilece\u011fimiz yap\u0131lar\u0131n Tak\u0131madalar\u2019\u0131n siyasi birli\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrme ad\u0131na Indonesia-Raya (Pan-Malay) siyaseti g\u00fctm\u00fc\u015flerdir (Aljunied, 2011: 11). Pan-Malaya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini savunan di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00f6nde gelen ayd\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda, gazeteci kimlikleriyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ve Malaya topraklar\u0131nda kurulan sol e\u011filimli Kesatuan Melayu Muda (Malay Youth Union) mensubu olan \u0130brahim bin Yaacoob ve Ishak bin Haji Mohammad yer al\u0131r (Alatas, 1997: 100).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malay veya Pan-Malay kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Tak\u0131madalar\u2019da, teritoryal ve siyasi birli\u011fe at\u0131f anlam\u0131nda Nusantara kavram\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak gerekir. Tarihsel referans noktas\u0131 13 y\u00fczy\u0131l il\u0203 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar siyasi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam etmi\u015f olan ve merkezi Cava Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunda bulunan, bununla birlikte, Tak\u0131madalar\u2019da hakimiyet s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan Majahapit Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn ad\u0131na Endonezya denilen topraklarda, milliyet\u00e7ilik hareketlerinin ilk n\u00fcvesi kabul edilen, 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayata ge\u00e7irilen Budi Utomo felsefi yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Majapahit \u00fczerinden sergilemektedir. Majapahit\u2019e bir di\u011fer referans ise, Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimince ve bu y\u00f6netimin siyasi ve teritoryal hakimiyetine me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131racak \u015fekilde ortaya kondu\u011fu da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Hall, 2001: 104).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc mevcut siyasal ve toplumsal ko\u015fullarda Tak\u0131madalar ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da kimi b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini \u2018Malay\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rma gibi bir \u00f6ncelikleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hatta bunu kullanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin A\u00e7e, Caval\u0131lar veya Papua\u2019daki topluluklar aras\u0131nda, \u2018biz Malay\u0131z\u2019 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden ne g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famda ne de politikas\u0131n\u0131, sosyal bilimini \u015fekillendiren \u00e7evrelerde \u2018Malay\u2019 kavram\u0131na at\u0131f bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131-Malay \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Merkezi\u2019ne Ni\u00e7in \u0130htiya\u00e7 Var?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada, a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak \u201cB\u00f6ylesi bir kuruma ni\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu ve bu kurum ni\u00e7in veya nas\u0131l g\u00fcndeme geldi?\u201d sorusunu sormak gerekir. Buna il\u00e2ve olarak T\u00fcrkler, kelimenin geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla Malaylar\u0131 ne zaman anlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131; ne zaman ileti\u015fim kurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 sorular\u0131na k\u0131saca cevap vermekte yarar var. Ard\u0131ndan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze do\u011fru baz\u0131 kilometre ta\u015flar\u0131na de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 ad\u0131 bu merkezde yer almakla birlikte, bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere Osmanl\u0131 \u00f6ncesi Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkleri d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n Hint Okyanusu, Tak\u0131madalar b\u00f6lgesi ile ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulabilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrebilir. Bu konuda, 1986-1989 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Jakarta b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Metin \u0130neg\u00f6ll\u00fco\u011flu\u2019nun Endonezya Cumhuriyeti A\u00e7e Eyaleti\u2019nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir antropolo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na e\u015f de\u011fer g\u00f6zlem ve de\u011ferlendirmeleri bizi Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrk unsurlar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir (\u0130neg\u00f6ll\u00fco\u011flu, 1994).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hususta destekleyici kaynaklar\u0131n, A\u00e7eli tarih\u00e7i ve sosyal bilimciler ile yerel unsurlar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirdikleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \u00fczerinde durulmay\u0131 hak etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131na dair birinci elden bahseden kaynaklardan belki de, ilk ve en \u00f6nemlisinin \u0130bn Batuta\u2019n\u0131n Afrika-Asya seyahatini konu alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Gibb, 1983). Bu ba\u011flamda, bu eserin \u00f6rne\u011fin 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u0130stanbul\u2019da bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve baz\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna il\u00e2ve olarak, terc\u00fcmesinin de yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 kaynaklarda dile getirilmektedir (Meri\u00e7, 2010: 118).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern d\u00f6nemde Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelmesi hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki ulus devletlerin kurulmas\u0131yla olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6ncelikle, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin 1923\u2019te kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n Endonezya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda (Endonezya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Hollanda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur), Malaya Federasyonu\u2019nu 1957, Bruney Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ise, 1971\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde 1923 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle hilafet ba\u011flam\u0131nda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tepkilerin burada ele al\u0131namayacak kadar geni\u015f bir konudur. Bununla birlikte, birka\u00e7 hususa de\u011finmekte fayda m\u00fclahaza ediyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemde 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u201dRoterdam ve Cava Adas\u0131\u2019nda Batavya\u2019da birer fahri konsolosluk kurulmas\u0131\u201d karar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Felemenk\u2019de Roterdam ve Cava Adas\u0131\u2019nda Bataviya da birer fahri konsolosluk ihdas\u0131 ve Roterdam fahri ba\u015fkonsolos unvan\u0131yla M. L. V. Van Ressem Gard van Ressem\u2019in ve Bataviya fahri konsoloslu\u011funa da M. B. J. De Bruyne\u2019nin tayinleri d\u00f6nemin Reisi cumhuru Kemal Atat\u00fcrk imzas\u0131yla ve 04.03.1937 tarihiyle kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 30.18.1.2.72.16.12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren Malay co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki duruma dair \u015fu hususlar dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Endonezya\u2019da, 17 A\u011fustos 1945 tarihinde il\u00e2n edilen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen, Hollanda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ngilizler deste\u011fiyle Cava Adas\u0131\u2019nda Ba\u015fkent Batavya, Surabaya gibi \u015fehirlere \u00e7\u0131kartma yapmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ba\u015flayan gerilla sava\u015f\u0131 aral\u0131klarla 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hollanda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in Endonezya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131yla sona ermi\u015ftir. Ancak bu d\u00f6nemde, Endonezya ad\u0131 verilen Tak\u0131madalar\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00f6zellikle de, Cava Adas\u0131\u2019nda silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrerken, uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerle de irtibat kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u0130ngilizlerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi alt\u0131ndaki Malaya\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren Endonezya Derne\u011fi ad\u0131 verilen kurulu\u015f taraf\u0131ndan Ankara\u2019dan baz\u0131 taleplerde bulunulmu\u015ftur. Bu taleplerle ilgili olarak, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k\u2019a ve Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k makam\u0131ndan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na yaz\u0131lan birtak\u0131m yaz\u0131\u015fmalar bulunmaktad\u0131r (24.01.1949 tarihli bu yaz\u0131\u015fma \u201cY\u00fcksek Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131makta ve Genel Katip\u2019in imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r),<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k\u2019tan D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri\u2019ne yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131da \u015funlara de\u011finilmektedir: \u201cMalaya\u2019da Endonezya Derne\u011fi ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Y\u00fcksek Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na sunulup Genel Katipli\u011fin 24.01.1949 tarih ve 4\/64 say\u0131l\u0131 tezkeresiyle Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa tevdi buyurulan ve Hollandal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ticari m\u00fcnasebetlerin kesilmesi, Hollanda gemi ve u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye sokulmamas\u0131, hapsedilen Endonezya liderlerinin iadesinin Hollandal\u0131lardan istenmesi gibi tedbirler al\u0131nmas\u0131 dile\u011fini kapsayan 02.01.1949 tarihli mektuplara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sunuldu\u011funu sayg\u0131lar\u0131mla arz ederim. Ba\u015fbakan Yerine M\u00fcste\u015far (Tarih 16.01. 1949).\u201d (Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 030.10.257.727.16).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Endonezya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan, Malaya topraklar\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n il\u00e2n\u0131 ve Malaya Federasyonu ad\u0131yla bir devletin kurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Adnan Menderes 3 Eyl\u00fcl 1957 tarihinde yeni devletin kurucu ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Tunku Abdul Rahman\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi kutlama telgraf\u0131 g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Bu kutlama mesaj\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir: \u201cOn the happy occasion of the proclamation of the Malayan independence I take great pleasure in presenting to your Excellency my warmest congratulations and most sincere wishes for the welfare and prosperity of the Malayan people.\u201d (Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 030.01.0000.7.36.7.2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu mesaja kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Tunku Abdul Rahan ise bir te\u015fekk\u00fcr telgraf\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermi\u015ftir: \u201cGrateful for your excellency\u2019s kind message stop the persekutuan Tanah Melayu will endeavour to contribute towards World peace and prosperity stop.\u201d Telgraf\u0131n Ankara\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih 21 Eyl\u00fcl 1957 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 030.01.00.7.36.7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin b\u00f6lge ile kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkilere k\u0131saca g\u00f6z at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Endonezya Cumhuriyeti ile b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik d\u00fczeyinde ili\u015fkilerin kuruldu\u011fu ve Cakarta b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011finin sorumluluk sahas\u0131nda Malezya Federasyonu\u2019nun da bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Cakarta B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Tevfik Kaz\u0131m Kemahl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, ayn\u0131 zamanda Malezya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i olarak atanmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak Bkz.: Cumhuriyet ar\u015fivi, Dosya No. 1-86, 030.18.1.2.151.75.6.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malaya Federasyonu ile bu ilk resmi yaz\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan el\u00e7ilik hizmetlerinin Cakarta\u2019daki T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, 1959 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Cakarta B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Tevfik Kaz\u0131m Kemahl\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Malezya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i olarak Hariciye vek\u00e2letinin 21.01.1959 tarihli ve 100004-31 ve 32 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130cra Vekilleri Heyetince 17.02.1959 tarihinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu bu atama karar\u0131 d\u00f6nemin Reisi Cumhuru Celal Bayar imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r (Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 030.18.01.02.151.75.6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 \u015eubat 1977 tarihinde Ankara\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile Malezya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda Ekonomik ve Teknik i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131 onaylanmas\u0131 bir di\u011fer geli\u015fmeye i\u015faret etmektedir (Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 30.18.1.2\/367.58.20).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong>
Abdullah, Wan Mohd. Shaghir. (2015). Ensiklopedia Naskhah Klasik Nusantara, Cetakan Pertama, Kuala Lumpur: Khazanah Fathaniyah.
Alatas, Syed Farid. (1997). Democracy and Authoritarianism in Indonesia and Malaysia: The Rise of the Post-Colonial State, Hampshire: Macmillan Press Ltd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aljunied, Syed Muhd. Khairuddin. (2011). \u201cA Theory of Colonialism in the Malay World\u201d, Postcolonial Studies, 14: 1. (7-21).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barendse, R. J. (2002). The Arabian Seas: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century, Armonk: An East Gate Book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gibb, H. A. R. (1983). Ibn Batuta Travels in Asia and Africa: 1325-1354, (\u00c7ev.: H. A. R. Gibb), New Impression, London: Darf Publishers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hall, Kenneth R. (2001). \u201cThe Roots of ASEAN: Regional Identities in the Strait of Melaka Region Circa 1500 C. E.\u201d, Asian Journal of Social Science, Vol. 29, No. 1. (87-119).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130neg\u00f6ll\u00fco\u011flu, Metin. (1994). Asya-Pasifik\u2019te T\u00fcrk \u0130zleri, Manisa: Celal Bayar \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meri\u00e7, \u00dcmit. (2010). \u015eehirlerin Sultan\u0131 Seyyahlar\u0131n Aynas\u0131nda \u0130stanbul, \u0130stanbul: Al Baraka T\u00fcrk Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reid, Anthony. (2001). \u201cUnderstanding Melayu (Malay) As A Source of Diverse Modern Identities\u201d, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 32 (3). (295-313).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reid, Anthony. (1999). \u201cA Saucer Model of Southeast Asian Identity\u201d, Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, Vol 27, No. 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teeuw, Andries. (1959). \u201cThe History of the Malay Language. A Preliminary Survey\u201d, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 115, No. 2, Leiden. (138-156).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 30.18.1.2.72.16.12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24.01.1949 tarihli bu yaz\u0131\u015fma \u201cY\u00fcksek Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131makta ve Genel Katip\u2019in imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bkz.: (Not: Metin Ek\u2019te verilmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 030.10.257.727.16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 030.01.0000.7.36.7.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 030.01.00.7.36.7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cakarta B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Tevfik Kaz\u0131m Kemahl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, ayn\u0131 zamanda Malezya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i olarak atanmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak Bkz.: Cumhuriyet ar\u015fivi, Dosya No. 1-86, 030.18.1.2.151.75.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 030.18.01.02.151.75.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi, Belge No. 30.18.1.2\/367.58.20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devam edecek\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay 22.02.2025 Osmanl\u0131-Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 konusunda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve bir oturumda sunma imk\u0203n\u0131 buldu\u011fum g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yeniden payla\u015f\u0131yorum. FSM Vak\u0131f \u00dcniversitesi Osmanl\u0131 Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve Uygulama Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen \u201cModern T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinde I. Hint Okyanusu ve Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftaya ho\u015f geldiniz sefalar getirdiniz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131n burada haz\u0131r bulunan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131yla […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5725,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5723"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5723\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}