{"id":5132,"date":"2024-03-09T15:40:54","date_gmt":"2024-03-09T15:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5132"},"modified":"2024-03-09T15:40:54","modified_gmt":"2024-03-09T15:40:54","slug":"malezya-anayasasi-islam-devleti-ve-sekulerlik-malaysian-constitution-islamic-state-and-secularism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/malezya-anayasasi-islam-devleti-ve-sekulerlik-malaysian-constitution-islamic-state-and-secularism\/","title":{"rendered":"Konstitusi Malaysia, Negara Islam dan Sekularisme \/ Malaysian Constitution, Islamic state and Secularism"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay 16.07.2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maleyza\u2019da din ve sek\u00fclerlik tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00fclkenin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, teorik ve pratik ba\u011flamlar\u0131 ile kamuoyunda yer almaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ba\u011flamlar\u0131 oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7oklu mahkemeler ve Federal Anayasa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcne \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan veya var olan sorunun bug\u00fcn farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ve yorumlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an hususlar\u0131, \u00fclkedeki Eyalet \u015eeriat Mahkemeleri, Sivil Mahkemeler, Yerli Toplumlar Mahkemeleri ile \u00fclkenin Federal Anayasas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki komplike ili\u015fkilerde g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durumun,  \u00fclkedeki toplumsal-etnik yap\u0131lar ile yarg\u0131 sistemi aras\u0131nda kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131 ortaya koydu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, dikkat \u00e7eken hususun Federal Anayasa olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaki tart\u0131\u015fma belki de, sorunun s\u00fcrgit devam etmesine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ok etniklilik, \u00e7ok dinlilik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, dini ve etnik a\u00e7\u0131dan birbirinden ayr\u0131lan toplumsal gruplar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131; bu gruplar\u0131n, -birbirleri \u00fczerinde egemenlik tesis etme arzular\u0131 olsun veya olmas\u0131n-, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik talepleri; kendini di\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tehdit alt\u0131nda hissetme olgusu; s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminin yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan uzak kalamam\u0131\u015f mevcut anayasal sistem gibi i\u00e7 ve tarihsel \u00f6zellikler kadar, g\u00fcn\u00fcn getirdi\u011fi pop\u00fcler ve siyasal k\u00fcresel tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da, bu s\u00fcrece etkisinden s\u00f6z etmek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sondan ba\u015flamak gerekirse, bug\u00fcn ad\u0131na Malezya Federasyonu denilen yap\u0131, \u0130ngiliz parlamenter-monar\u015fi sistemi temel al\u0131narak 1957\u2019de dokuz eyaletin birle\u015fmesiyle kurulan ve 1963\u2019de s\u00fcrece, \u00fc\u00e7 yeni \u2018eyalet\u2019in -yani, Singapur, Sabah ve Sarawak- eklenmesiyle ikinci bir ulus-devletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini tecr\u00fcbe etmi\u015ftir.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malezya\u2019n\u0131n, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlar\u0131n ulus-devletle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen tipolojiden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7lerle var olan a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderek ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daralmas\u0131n\u0131n, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan n\u00fcfus yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda belirleyici bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n veya tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n temellerinden biri olarak, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l\u0131ndaki d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketlili\u011finin, n\u00fcfus farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan n\u00fcfusun, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu az da olsa, ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu psikolojik, sosyolojik ve siyasal sorunlara i\u015faret etmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu olmamakla birlikte, hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki benzer antropolojik, sosyolojik ve dini yap\u0131ya mensup Endonezya toplumunun, kayda de\u011fer bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi vermesini g\u00f6zlemleyen Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malaylar\u0131n\u0131n, ni\u00e7in benzer bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketine giri\u015f\/e\/mediklerinin -di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli nedenlerin \u00f6tesinde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda- bir nedenini de burada g\u00f6rmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen demografik yap\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, temel bir sorun olarak 1930\u2019l\u0131 ve Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yani, 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda n\u00fcksetmesi, o d\u00f6nemki ad\u0131yla, Malaya veya Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelmesindeki gecikmesiyle kayda de\u011fer bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netiminin b\u00f6lgenin alt yap\u0131 vars\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi jeo-ekonomik ve \u00f6nemli suyollar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fme noktas\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 gibi jeo-politik nedenden kaynaklanan hususlardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, b\u00f6lgeden -teritoryal egemenlik anlam\u0131nda- pek de \u00e7\u0131kmak istememesinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir durumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slam \u00fclkesi (mi?)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkenin kurucu akt\u00f6r\u00fc ve bir hukuk\u00e7u olan Tunku Abdul Rahman, 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada, \u201cMalaya Federasyonu, genelde anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haliyle bir \u0130slam devleti de\u011fildir… Devlet\u2019in resmi dini \u0130slam\u2019d\u0131r\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde, siyaset d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ortaya konulan bir pratikle devam edelim…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Dr. Mahathir Muhammed\u2019in, \u201cMalezya bir \u0130slam devletidir\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n yank\u0131lar\u0131 bug\u00fcn de devam ediyor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama salt bir retorik mi yoksa anayasal, siyasal bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi mi yans\u0131t\u0131yor sorusu da elbette beraberinde geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerde, g\u00f6zlerin falta\u015f\u0131 gibi a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olan bu a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen yarg\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirleriyle ili\u015fkileri veya bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde ve \u00f6tesinde bir giri\u015fim mi yoksa, d\u00f6nemin siyasal hayat\u0131n getirdi\u011fi g\u00fcndelik, s\u0131radan, duygusal vb. \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flardan biri mi oldu\u011fu \u00fczerinde de durulmaya de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emekli yarg\u0131\u00e7 ne diyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen konuyu, yani, Malezya\u2019n\u0131n, Malezya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, Malezya Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n veya Malezya yasalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130slami ilkelere dayal\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunu g\u00fcndeme getiren ki\u015fi, Temyiz Mahkemesi Emekli Yarg\u0131c\u0131 Dato Seri Hishamuddin Yunus\u2019dur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu alanlar\u0131 hangi kriterlerle, ba\u011flamlarla ve birbiriyle b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc ili\u015fki i\u00e7erisinde ele almal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu husus Malezya i\u00e7in bu gayet hassas bir alana tekab\u00fcl ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emekli yarg\u0131\u00e7\u0131 Hishamuddin Yunus bu tart\u0131\u015fmada g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, Federal Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n belirleyicili\u011fine ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, t\u00fcm di\u011fer yasal kurumlar ve mahkemeler \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yani, eyalet \u015feriat mahkemeleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm yasal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin dayanak noktas\u0131 ve karar mercininin Federal Anayasa oldu\u011fu  h\u00fckm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Say\u0131n Yarg\u0131\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcreci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine temellendiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6yle ki, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa giden s\u00fcre\u00e7te Reid Komisyonu\u2019na sunulan memoramdum\u2019da yeni kurulacak Malaya Federasyonu\u2019nun dini\u2019nin \u2018\u0130slam\u2019 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, bu durum, \u0130slami ilkelerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan toplumsal kesimlere uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 ilkesiyle birlikte yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve Say\u0131n Yarg\u0131\u00e7 bir al\u0131nt\u0131 yaparak, \u201cMalaya Federasyonu\u2019nun dini\u2019nin \u0130slam olmas\u0131 ilkesi, devletin sek\u00fcler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez (\u201c… this observance of this principle … shall not imply that the State is not a secular State.<\/em>\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fim kurumsal ili\u015fkilere yeniden d\u00f6necek olursak…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durumda, Eyalet \u015eeriat Mahkemeleri\u2019nin yap\u0131sal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini Federal Anayasa\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 nezdinde de\u011ferlendirmek gerekiyor… Emekli yarg\u0131c\u0131n yorumu bu \u015fekilde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malezya\u2019n\u0131n bir \u0130slam devleti olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hem \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde hem d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dikkatle incelenen bir konu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konunun sosyolojik boyutuna dair k\u0131sa veriyi payla\u015fmak kadar, bug\u00fcn konunun uzmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda say\u0131lan bir yarg\u0131c\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ortaya koymak tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 kavramak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gayet \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada, \u00fclkede toplumsal gerginlik meselesi haline gelebilen bu olguyu, hukuk normlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ele al\u0131p de\u011ferlendiren emekli yarg\u0131\u00e7 Dato Seri Hishamuddin Yunus\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini dikkatle izlemek ve incelemek gerekiyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            09.03.2024 Maleyza\u2019da din ve sek\u00fclerlik tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00fclkenin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, teorik ve pratik ba\u011flamlar\u0131 ile kamuoyunda yer almaya devam ediyor. Bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ba\u011flamlar\u0131 oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok… \u00c7oklu mahkemeler ve Federal Anayasa Bug\u00fcne \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan veya var olan sorunun bug\u00fcn farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ve yorumlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an hususlar\u0131, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-malezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5132"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5132\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}