{"id":4598,"date":"2022-06-01T22:24:04","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T22:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4598"},"modified":"2022-06-01T22:24:04","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T22:24:04","slug":"abd-cin-rekabetinde-merkez-yapilara-dogru-towards-the-central-structure-in-the-u-s-china-competition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/abd-cin-rekabetinde-merkez-yapilara-dogru-towards-the-central-structure-in-the-u-s-china-competition\/","title":{"rendered":"ABD-\u00c7in rekabetinde merkez yap\u0131lara do\u011fru \/ Towards the central structure in the U.S.-China competition"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 01.06.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en \u00f6nemli engelin, Rusya\u2019dan ziyade \u00c7in oldu\u011funa zaman zaman de\u011finiyoruz.<\/p>\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, bug\u00fcn Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmenin \u00f6nemli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Aksine, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fta yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 ve geneli itibar\u0131yla Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 tehdit eden duru\u015funun ard\u0131ndan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomi g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00c7in\u2019in olmas\u0131, ger\u00e7ek akt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00c7in oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, Rusya ve \u00c7in aras\u0131nda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 tedrici olarak geli\u015fen ikili ili\u015fkiler ve yak\u0131nla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin, hen\u00fcz Bat\u0131\u2019daki siyasi ve ekonomik birliklere benzer \u015fekilde meyvelerini verdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan, \u00c7in\u2019in Rusya\u2019ya vermekte oldu\u011fu ve sadece BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019ndeki oylamalar ba\u011flam\u0131nda siyasi alanla da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan deste\u011finin bir anlamda, test edildi\u011fini ve yeni geli\u015fmelere ne t\u00fcrden bir adaptasyonun sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131na dair tecr\u00fcbe anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in ABD kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda rakipli\u011fi <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, ABD\u2019nin ekonomi alan\u0131 kadar giderek siyasi ve askeri alanlarda da en \u00f6nemli rakibi konumunda olan bir \u00c7in var kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda. Bu ger\u00e7ek, ABD senatosunda ve de do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 olarak kamuoyunda, parti fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6ncelikli rakip \u00fclke kabul edilmesiyle de destekleniyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in, \u00f6nce kendi hinterland\u0131nda yani, bir yanda G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi b\u00f6lgesinde yani, ASEAN; \u00f6te yandan Orta Asya b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fclkelerle ekonomik ve siyasi i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirme ve peki\u015ftirme y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc e\u011filimleri s\u00f6z konusuydu ve bunda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik bulunmuyor. Bu geli\u015fmenin pragmatik nedenleri kadar tarihsel ba\u011flamlar\u0131 da oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan ve \u00f6zellikle, \u015ei Cinping\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte bu e\u011filim yine, bu zikredilen co\u011frafyalar \u00fczerinden yani bir yandan suyollar\u0131, \u00f6te yandan karayollar\u0131 g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 geni\u015fleyen bir evren olarak kendini ortaya koyuyor. Bu noktada, suyollar\u0131ndan hareketle Bat\u0131 Pasifikler, Hint Okyanusu, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019ya uzan\u0131rken; karayollar\u0131 ile Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015fan bir boyuta sahip.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel bar\u0131\u015f m\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pekin y\u00f6netiminin, agresif bir \u015fekilde uzun erimli pl\u00e2nlamalarla ortaya koydu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclen ekonomi ve siyasal ili\u015fkiler noktas\u0131ndaki bu geni\u015flemeci siyasetinin, k\u00fcresel bar\u0131\u015f ve ekonomik zenginle\u015fmeye katk\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

Ancak, burada k\u00fcresel egemenlik konusunun payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131 bir nitelik arz etmekten ziyade, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan kurulmaya ba\u015flanan Bat\u0131 yani, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle Anglo-Sakson d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli k\u00fcresel d\u00fczene y\u00f6nelik bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu gayet a\u015fik\u00e2r.<\/p>\n

Tam da bu noktada \u015fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi hat\u0131rlamakta yarar var: 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131 sonras\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan d\u00f6nemde, bu kurulu d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n iki ve\u00e7hesi bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Bunlardan ilki, \u00a0SSCB \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 di\u011feri ise \u00f6zellikle, gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k siyasi y\u00f6nelimleriyle Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Blo\u011fu\u2019ydu.<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisinin, yani Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Blo\u011fu\u2019nun arzu edilen geli\u015fmeyi sa\u011flayamamas\u0131nda, ad\u0131na ekonomik modernle\u015fme denilen s\u00fcre\u00e7te Bat\u0131\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n belirleyici oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Birincisinin yani, Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda rekabet\u00e7i tutumunu sona erdiren ise \u00f6zellikle, ekonomi-politikalar\u0131ndan ne\u015fet eden kendi ideolojik s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu bir t\u00fckenmi\u015flikle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu yeni olu\u015fan durumda, Bat\u0131 \u00f6zellikle de ABD y\u00f6netimi, ideolojik olarak kat\u0131 kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 gev\u015fetmek ve k\u00fcresel topluma ula\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak yerine, kendine yeni d\u00fc\u015fman aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na koyuluyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in kontrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve beklenmedik geli\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, ayn\u0131 ABD\u2019nin \u00f6zellikle, 1970\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lma politikalar\u0131n\u0131 hem y\u00f6nlendirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, hem de ve bundan daha da \u00f6te, \u00c7in siyasi elitinin d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lmadan ba\u015fka alternatifi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 SSCB \u00f6rne\u011finden tecr\u00fcbe etmesi, yeni bir kalk\u0131nma s\u00fcrecinin Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, kurulu k\u00fcresel sistemin dengelerine uyaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lan ve hatta bunun da \u00f6tesinde, benimsenen liberal ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00c7in i\u00e7 toplumsal dengelerinde kayda de\u011fer k\u0131r\u0131lmalara yol a\u00e7arak bir siyasal rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini getirece\u011fi beklentisi bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, 1976\u2019dan bu yana aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6zellikle, 2000\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren yeni bir k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerini do\u011frularken, herhangi bir siyasal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 beklentiler kadar bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ortam\u0131n keskinle\u015fmesinde gayet \u00f6nemli bir etkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in, ekonomik modernle\u015fmesi ile kendine g\u00fcvenini kazan\u0131rken, bir yandan da tarihi tecr\u00fcbesini veya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak suretiyle \u00f6zellikle kendi do\u011fal hinterland\u0131nda siyasal ve askeri y\u00f6nelimler sergileme cesaretini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Yeni yap\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fumu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fme, 2013-2018 aras\u0131nda G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi politikalar\u0131yla k\u00fcresel medyada kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulurken, son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, Bat\u0131 Pasifik\u2019lere do\u011fru geni\u015fleyen bir e\u011filim sergilemesi Anglo-Sakson sistemin denizler \u00fczerinden ve vas\u0131tas\u0131yla sahip oldu\u011fu egemenlik normlar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eder hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fcresel siyasal akt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen bu geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, t\u0131pk\u0131 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Pasifiklerde bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, Hint-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde yeni Anglo-Sakson birlik tesisi g\u00fcndeme getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Quad<\/em> ve Aukus<\/em>\u2019a dikkat \u00e7ekmek suretiyle, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bu anlamda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir. Her ne kadar \u00f6zellikle Quad<\/em> b\u00fcnyesinde Japonya ve Hindistan gibi Anglo-Sakson \u00fclkeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir yap\u0131lanman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada.<\/p>\n

Bunun temel nedeni, tahmin edilece\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik modernle\u015fmesi paralel olarak siyasal ve askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015flemeci bir y\u00f6nde ortaya koymas\u0131n\u0131n hem s\u0131n\u0131r \u00fclkeleri olmalar\u0131, hem de tarihsel rekabetin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yans\u0131mas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Japonya ve Hindistan taraf\u0131ndan pragmatik olarak de\u011ferlendirilmekte olan ad\u0131mlar olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, b\u00fcnyesinde ABD, \u0130ngiltere, Avustralya\u2019y\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Quad<\/em> ve Aukus<\/em> bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte yarar oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok. Mevcut jeo-politik geli\u015fmeler bu \u015fekilde seyretmesi halinde, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde, bu merkez yap\u0131ya eklemlenecek di\u011fer baz\u0131 Anglo-Sakson \u00fclkeler ile di\u011fer baz\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerini g\u00f6rme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fanan bu geli\u015fmeleri, ekonomik kalk\u0131nmac\u0131 bir y\u00f6nelimle ve k\u00fcresel siyasal sistemi kendi arzusu istikametinde y\u00f6nlendirme e\u011filimi sergilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Anglo-Sakson d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n temel bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul etmek gerekiyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 01.06.2022 ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4598"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4598\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}