{"id":3836,"date":"2021-05-09T16:32:38","date_gmt":"2021-05-09T16:32:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3836"},"modified":"2021-05-12T12:47:04","modified_gmt":"2021-05-12T12:47:04","slug":"hong-kongda-demokrasi-sivil-haklar-ve-pekin-kriterleri-democracy-civil-rights-and-beijing-criteria-in-hong-kong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/hong-kongda-demokrasi-sivil-haklar-ve-pekin-kriterleri-democracy-civil-rights-and-beijing-criteria-in-hong-kong\/","title":{"rendered":"Hong Kong\u2019da demokrasi, sivil haklar ve Pekin kriterleri \/ Democracy, civil rights and Beijing criteria in Hong Kong"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 09.05.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti, ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131yla k\u00fcresel ekonomide elde etti\u011fi ikinci s\u0131raya ra\u011fmen, sivil haklar noktas\u0131nda arzu edilen geli\u015fmeyi sergileyemiyor. Bu durum, \u00f6zellikle Tibet, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan (Uygur), Hong Kong konular\u0131nda ortaya konurken, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke gibi hareket eden Tayvan\u2019\u0131 da i\u00e7ine al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip Hong Kong\u2019daki idare ve sivil haklar konusuna getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar giderek etkisini ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirken, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda ad\u0131 Asya Kaplanlar\u0131\u2019yla birlikte an\u0131lan Ada\u2019n\u0131n sivil yap\u0131s\u0131 kadar ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te dikkatle izlenmesini gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n

Ada\u2019da son bir iki y\u0131ld\u0131r demokratik ve sivil haklar konusunda ya\u015fananlar, Pekin y\u00f6netiminin Hong Kong siyasetini ve sivil alan\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmekte kararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. Bu noktada, ulusal g\u00fcvenlik yasas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sivil aktivistlere verilen hapis cezalar ile Ada yasama meclisini belirleyecek se\u00e7im komisyonu yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerk yap\u0131dan Pekin kriterlerine<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hong Kong\u2019un 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019den \u00c7in\u2019e devri, Ada\u2019n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu \u201c\u00f6zerklik\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn elli y\u0131l boyunca korunmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla devri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. \u201cTek \u00dclke \u0130ki Sistem\u201d ad\u0131 verilen siyasi yap\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerle realitede kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek ise pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle de, 2014\u2019den bu yana ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin Hong Kong\u2019u s\u0131radan bir eyalet stat\u00fcs\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme gayreti i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Ada y\u00f6neticisini, bir anlamda valisini se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imlerle sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki s\u00f6z\u00fcn yerine getirilmemesiyle \u015eemsiye sembol\u00fcyle ba\u015flayan g\u00f6sterilere konu olmu\u015ftu. O g\u00fcnden \u00a0bu yana ge\u00e7en be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, Ada \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netiminde siyasi ve sivil de\u011ferlerin giderek erozyona u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Pekin y\u00f6netiminin 30 Haziran 2020 tarihinde al\u0131nan kararla, Hong Kong \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netim B\u00f6lgesi (Hong Kong Special Administrative Region<\/em>-HKSAR) G\u00fcvenlik Yasas\u0131 ile, bu y\u0131l Mart ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Pekin\u2019de yap\u0131lan Ulusal Halk Kongresi\u2019nde Hong Kong se\u00e7im yasas\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler Ada demokrasisinden geriye ne kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamay\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7 aktivistlere hapis <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre boyunca Hong Kong\u2019da demokrasi s\u00f6ylemini, Joshua Wong ismiyle sembolle\u015fmi\u015fti. Wong\u2019un 3 Aral\u0131k 2020\u2019de hakk\u0131nda verilen 13.5 ayl\u0131k hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Ada parlamentosundaki bir avu\u00e7 demokrasi yanl\u0131s\u0131 milletvekilleri ise ya\u015fanan bask\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tepki olarak topluca istifa etti.<\/p>\n

Wong, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 boyunca ortaya konulan dev g\u00f6sterilerle ilintili olarak ge\u00e7en y\u0131l hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, cezaevi ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle y\u00fczle\u015fiyor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde Wong, Tiananmen Meydan\u0131 anma g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde 4 Haziran 2020\u2019de yap\u0131lan g\u00f6sterilere kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan yeni bir dava sonras\u0131nda 10 ay hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gerek meclisteki demokrasi yanl\u0131s\u0131 milletvekilleri gerekse gen\u00e7 aktivistlere y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar sonunda, Ada\u2019da demokrasi m\u00fccadelesinin ne y\u00f6ne evrilece\u011fi sorusunu da beraberinde getiriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in genelinde bu t\u00fcr protesto eylemleri yasak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zerk Hong Kong\u2019da Tiananmen ger\u00e7e\u011fini hat\u0131rlatmaya y\u00f6nelik olarak her y\u0131l d\u00fczenlenen 4 Haziran g\u00f6sterileri ge\u00e7en y\u0131l kovid-19 nedeniyle il\u00e2n edilen toplanma yasa\u011f\u0131na tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen, on binlerce ki\u015finin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sessiz g\u00f6steride 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tiananmen Meydan\u0131\u2019nda sergilenen \u015fiddet eylemi protesto edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan di\u011fer davalara il\u00e2ve olarak, Joshua Wong\u2019un bu dava sonucunda 10 ay hapis cezas\u0131 almas\u0131 s\u00fcrecin demokrasi hareketine y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinin devam\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirebiliriz. Benzer davada di\u011fer baz\u0131 gen\u00e7 liderlerin de ceza almas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle sivil hareket liderlerine y\u00f6nelik bir bask\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki me\u015fhur \u2018\u015eemsiye Hareketi\u2019 g\u00f6sterilerinin de \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Joshua Wong o d\u00f6nemde kurdu\u011fu Demosisto <\/em>Partisi ile aktivistlikten siyasi ya\u015fama ge\u00e7mi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Tiananmen olgusu ve \u00c7in demokrasisi <\/strong><\/p>\n

Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1949\u2019da kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in\u2019in kurucusu Mao Zedong\u2019un vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1970\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren ABD\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7arken, bug\u00fcn \u00c7in, geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomisi ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rken, uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi rejimle b\u00f6lgedeki \u00fclkelerinde ve de \u00f6zellikle, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheyle kar\u015f\u0131lanmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda, t\u0131pk\u0131 o d\u00f6nem kom\u00fcnist rejimlerin birer birer \u00e7\u00f6kmesine paralel olarak benzer bir s\u00fcrecin Pekin\u2019de de ya\u015fanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flayan Tiananmen Meydan\u0131\u2019nda ba\u015flayan g\u00f6steriler katliamla sona ererken, bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019e bu katliam\u0131 her y\u0131l hat\u0131rlatan Hong Kong\u2019da benzer bir geriletme s\u00fcrecine konu oluyor.<\/p>\n

Pekin y\u00f6netimi, Tiananmen Meydan\u0131 olgusunu g\u00fcndeme getirmek bir yana, onu hat\u0131rlatacak giri\u015fimlere m\u00fcsamaha g\u00f6stermeyece\u011fini bug\u00fcn Hong Kong\u2019da gen\u00e7 aktivistlere y\u00f6nelik mahkumiyet kararlar\u0131yla ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Demokrasi mi Halk Kongresi mi? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, Hong Kong\u2019un \u00f6zerk stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn giderek erozyona u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Ada siyasi y\u00f6netimi ile sivil haklar konusundaki s\u00fcrecin Pekin kriterlerine uygun y\u00f6nde ilerledi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Bir yandan sivil haklar \u00f6te yandan, Ada y\u00f6netiminin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik uygulama ve kanunlar son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r birbiri ard\u0131na g\u00fcndeme gelmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00c7in parlamentosunun ge\u00e7en Mart ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan y\u0131ll\u0131k \u2018ulusal halk kongresi\u2019nde Hong Kong \u2018Se\u00e7im Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabul edilmesi \u00f6nemli bir s\u00fcreci ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakan Li Keqiang kongre a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bu y\u0131lki genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, \u201cola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc k\u0131lan\u201d hususun Hong Kong\u2019la ilgili al\u0131nacak kararlar oldu\u011funu belirtmesi gayet \u00f6nemliydi. Bu durum, Hong Kong\u2019un Pekin siyasi eliti nezdinde \u00f6n\u00fc mutlaka al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir tehdit oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

\u2018Vatanseverlik\u2019 (patriotism<\/em>) olgusunun \u00f6n pl\u00e2na \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu se\u00e7im yasas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesinde, sadece Ada \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6neticisinin de\u011fil, parlamentoda g\u00f6rev yapacak milletvekillerinin ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin de benzer bir \u2018elemeye\u2019 tabi tutulmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelecek.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fme, Ada\u2019da say\u0131s\u0131 zaten az olan demokrasi yanl\u0131s\u0131 milletvekillerinin art\u0131k Ada parlamentosunda temsil edilememeleri anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek kehanet olmayacak. Bu durumda, s\u00f6z konusu bu milletvekillerini se\u00e7en halk kesimlerinin ise siyasi kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ne y\u00f6nde kullanacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ise zaman g\u00f6sterecek.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7im sisteminde bir di\u011fer geli\u015fme ise milletvekili say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 70\u2019den 90\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131rken, do\u011frudan se\u00e7imle belirlenen milletvekili say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise 10\u2019a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>\n

Bireyler \u00fczerinde topluma mesaj<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pekin y\u00f6netimi, gen\u00e7 Joshua Wong\u2019a a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarla sadece onu bireysel yarg\u0131lamaya tabi tutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, temelde hedefin geni\u015f toplum kesimlerine bir mesaj oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu eylemlere kat\u0131lan ve lider konumundaki di\u011fer baz\u0131 g\u00f6stericiler bir yana, Joshua Wong\u2019un se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 kadar, temelde 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015fkent Pekin\u2019in Tiananmen meydan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ve bu anlamda, \u201cTiananmen ruhu\u201d olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz toplumsal ve siyasal geli\u015fmenin bir benzerinin Hong Kong\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7meyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada.<\/p>\n

Hatta daha da \u00f6tesi, Hong Kong\u2019da ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz son be\u015f y\u0131lda ya\u015fananlar\u0131 Ana K\u0131ta \u00c7in toplumundan gizleme e\u011filimi sergilemesi, Hong Kong\u2019un \u00fclke genelinde demokratikle\u015fme taleplerinde kilit noktaya geldi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenledir ki, hem ulusal g\u00fcvenlik yasas\u0131, hem se\u00e7im yasas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri birbiri ard\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmas\u0131, temelde Pekin y\u00f6netiminin \u00fclke genelinde olas\u0131 bir siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa meyledecek geli\u015fmelerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almaya y\u00f6nelik acil tedbirler oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019den \u00c7in\u2019e devri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrge topra\u011f\u0131 Hong Kong\u2019da elli y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim ve bunun i\u00e7erdi\u011fi demokratik ve liberal de\u011ferlerin a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor. 1 Temmuz\u2019da s\u00f6z konusu bu devrin 24. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne haz\u0131rlan\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin Ada siyaseti ve toplumunda son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi politikalarla s\u00fcreci Pekin kriterleriyle y\u00f6netme konusunda gayet \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u2019 oldu\u011fu ortada.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 09.05.2021 \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti, ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131yla k\u00fcresel […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3846,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cin","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3836"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3836\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3846"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}