{"id":3734,"date":"2021-02-14T21:26:04","date_gmt":"2021-02-14T21:26:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3734"},"modified":"2021-02-14T21:26:04","modified_gmt":"2021-02-14T21:26:04","slug":"abd-cin-iliskilerinde-yeni-doneme-farkli-bir-bakis-a-different-view-of-the-new-era-in-us-china-relations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/abd-cin-iliskilerinde-yeni-doneme-farkli-bir-bakis-a-different-view-of-the-new-era-in-us-china-relations\/","title":{"rendered":"ABD-\u00c7in ili\u015fkilerinde yeni d\u00f6neme farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f \/ A different view of the new era in US-China relations"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 15.02.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de Joe Biden y\u00f6netiminin \u00c7in\u2019le ili\u015fkileri yenileme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olaca\u011f\u0131na dair tahminler yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 destekleyecek \u015fekilde, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fclkelerin bu y\u00f6nde bir talep ve beklenti i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131 da biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Joe Biden-\u015ei Cinping aras\u0131nda ilk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin, 25-28 May\u0131s tarihlerinde, Singapur\u2019da yap\u0131lacak olan D\u00fcnya Ekonomi Forumu toplant\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ihtimali bu iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, en az\u0131ndan bug\u00fcnden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karacak gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n iki b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6neten ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n, birbirleriyle do\u011frudan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ba\u015flamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcphe yok. Bununla birlikte, son d\u00f6nemde, ABD-\u00c7in rekabetinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnenin \u00f6tesinde bir ger\u00e7eklik oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekmek suretiyle, olan bitene yeni bir perspektiften bakmakta yarar var.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in k\u00f6kl\u00fc b\u00fcrokrasisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanmakta olan rekabet kendini, sadece ekonomik alanda ortaya koymuyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir ekonomik rekabetin olmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fall\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yana, bunun \u00f6tesinde Weberyen bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla ifade etmek gerekirse, bir anlam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve bunun yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00f6kl\u00fc tarihsel yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n belirleyici bir nitelik olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekiyor. Bu durum, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcrokratik yap\u0131lanmada somut bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Siyasi ideolojik rejim olarak kom\u00fcnizm, ekonomi y\u00f6netimi olarak liberal de\u011ferlere sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, \u00c7in\u2019i bug\u00fcn y\u00f6netim mekanizmalar\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7ekici boyuta ta\u015f\u0131yan ve bu anlamda ABD kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan husus, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tarihsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckten alan s\u00f6z konusu bu b\u00fcrokratik yap\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunu s\u00f6ylerken, daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz, \u00c7in\u2019in kapitalizmi bir ekonomi modeli olarak belirlemesinin ve uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n, Bat\u0131 kapitalizmi veya k\u00fcresel kapitalizm i\u00e7in bir tehdit veya kapitalizm hedefinden sapma de\u011fil, aksine gayet do\u011fal ve arzu edilir bir s\u00fcrece tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fczden uzakla\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ifade etmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mla, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 son be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6zellikle, k\u00fcresel ekonomik ve ard\u0131ndan politik ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi olu\u015fturma konusunda bir sistem olarak kapitalizm ve onun temsilci baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerce ortaya konulan g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131labilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak gerekir. Zaten \u00c7in\u2019i yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen dikotomik duruma iten, bir anlamda zorlayan da bu ekonomik ger\u00e7ekliktir.<\/p>\n

Ancak bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada, \u00f6zellikle Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kapitalizmin lokomotifi unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir \u00fclke olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ABD\u2019de ya\u015fanmakta olan i\u00e7 sorunlar, ortaya ayn\u0131 ekonomi sistemine tabi bir ba\u015fka \u00fclkenin rakip olarak \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sovyetlerin hatas\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlamayan \u00c7in<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ideolojik t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, ekonomi y\u00f6netimindeki beceriksizli\u011finin sonucunu 1980\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131m ile \u00f6derken, \u00c7in\u2019in ayn\u0131 s\u00fcreci y\u00f6netebilir olmas\u0131nda, kapitalizmin bizatihi kendinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 rasyonalite kadar, bundan ayr\u0131 olarak baz\u0131 olgular\u0131n da bir dizi de\u011fi\u015fkenler olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131nda yarar var.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, \u00c7in denilen \u00fclkenin ekonomik ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda, \u00f6nemli katk\u0131s\u0131 olan son k\u0131rk elli y\u0131ldaki yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7eken d\u00f6nemleri genel hatlar\u0131yla hat\u0131rlamak gerekir.<\/p>\n

ABD y\u00f6netimi, 1970\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131nda Henry Kissinger ile \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fcresel ekonomik yap\u0131ya entegre s\u00fcrecinin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 atmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6nemin d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 George Schultz ve ekibi marifetiyle y\u00f6netebilirken, yine o g\u00fcnlerde kom\u00fcnist rejimle idare edilen bir di\u011fer \u00fclke olan \u00c7in\u2019i, k\u00fcresel ekonomi sistemine entegre etmeyi de ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in 2001\u2019de D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne \u00fcye olarak kabul edilmesi, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel ekonomide Japonya\u2019y\u0131 arkada b\u0131rakarak ikinici s\u0131raya y\u00fckselmesi ve 2013 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren geleneksel ve tarihsel kara ve deniz ipek yollar\u0131 projelerini hayata ge\u00e7irmesi, bu iki temel projeyi destekleyecek ikili ve b\u00f6lgesel anla\u015fmalarla Orta Asya\u2019dan, Hint Okyanusu\u2019na ve Afrika\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya kadar geni\u015f bir co\u011frafi alan\u0131 ekonomik tesiri alt\u0131na almas\u0131 ve nihayetinde 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda, 15 \u00fcye \u00fclkeli B\u00f6lgesel Kapsaml\u0131 Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership<\/em>-RCEP) anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalamas\u0131na \u00f6n ayak olmas\u0131, yeni bir kapitalist g\u00fcc\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma s\u00fcrecini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in kapitalizme entegrasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in, bu uzun d\u00f6neme yay\u0131lan k\u00fcresel kapitalist d\u00fczene entegrasyonu 1976\u2019da Mao Zedong\u2019un vefat\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan ortaya konulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te sadece ABD\u2019nin bu \u00fclke siyasi elitini davet konusunda sergiledi\u011fi gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k veya yumu\u015fak\/sert bask\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00c7in\u2019in erken imparatorluk d\u00f6nemlerinden bu yana var olan, k\u00f6kl\u00fc devlet gelene\u011finin yap\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n bu davete icabetteki katk\u0131s\u0131ndan ve etkisinden de bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr siyasi ideolojisi kom\u00fcnizm olmakla birlikte, \u00f6rne\u011fin Sovyetler Birli\u011fi gibi yay\u0131lmac\u0131, k\u00fcresel bir kom\u00fcnist ideal, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle enternasyonal<\/em> bir kom\u00fcnist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki kom\u015fu b\u00f6lge G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131nda, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ASEAN da bile, kom\u00fcnist ideolojisini Sovyetlerin di\u011fer baz\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na benzer \u015fekilde \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde bir agresif yap\u0131la\u015fma sergiledi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek bile g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n

ABD yeni d\u00f6nemi y\u00f6netebilecek mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in taraf\u0131nda ekonomik kalk\u0131nma ba\u011flam\u0131nda t\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler olurken, ABD taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7in\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fine y\u00f6neltilen ele\u015ftirilere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ortada farkl\u0131la\u015fan bir eko-politik y\u00f6nelimin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemindeki y\u0131k\u0131m s\u00fcrecini gayet yumu\u015fak bir \u015fekilde atlatmas\u0131, ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 liberalizme kayd\u0131rma ve giderek adaptasyonu ba\u015far\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi, bu devlet y\u00f6netimine ayn\u0131 zamanda bir g\u00fcven a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcvenin giderek peki\u015ftirici bir nitelik kazanmas\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn ABD\u2019deki kimi \u00e7evrelerin de kabul etti\u011fi \u00fczere, meritokrasiyi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan ve yukardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya b\u00fcrokratik yap\u0131lanman\u0131n kendini yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde hissettirdi\u011fi bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi \u00c7in\u2019i, ABD kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir rakip konumuna ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu temel yap\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in sadece ekonomide liberal de\u011ferlere sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yla ve bunun k\u00fcresel ticaret s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine pozitif yans\u0131mas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanmayacak bir duruma i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bunun ard\u0131nda, Max Weber\u2019in gayet detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ortaya koydu\u011fu b\u00fcrokratik sistemin, \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015f tecr\u00fcbesi ve birikimiyle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor olmas\u0131nda aramak gerekir. ABD y\u00f6netimini endi\u015felendirenin de, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 b\u00f6ylesi bir yap\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 15.02.2021 ABD\u2019de Joe Biden y\u00f6netiminin \u00c7in\u2019le ili\u015fkileri […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3734"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3734\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}