{"id":3544,"date":"2020-10-30T18:42:52","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T18:42:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3544"},"modified":"2020-10-30T18:51:36","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T18:51:36","slug":"avrupada-aydinlanma-ve-yikimcilik-enlightenment-and-destructionism-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/avrupada-aydinlanma-ve-yikimcilik-enlightenment-and-destructionism-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Avrupa\u2019da Ayd\u0131nlanma ve \u2018Y\u0131k\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 \/ Enlightenment and \u2018Destructionism\u2019 in Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay 27.09.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019da \u0130slam’la ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, son yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n bu K\u0131ta\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 ve Kuzey Avrupa topraklar\u0131ndaki end\u00fcstrile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerinde ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere yer bulmalar\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel anlam\u0131yla neredeyse t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7 vakalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden Avrupa\u2019ya y\u00f6nelimlerinin \u00fc\u00e7 temel noktada geli\u015fti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bunlardan ilki, s\u00f6z konusu Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklarla, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle bir t\u00fcr davetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kas\u0131tl\u0131\/bilin\u00e7li olarak g\u00f6\u00e7lerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, \u00a0s\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n ilgili b\u00f6lgelerinde ne\u015fet eden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, sava\u015f vb. s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin bir sonucu olarak farkl\u0131 sosyo-ekonomik kesimlere mensup M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitleler s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 olarak Avrupa\u2019ya kabul edilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise, ilgili co\u011frafyalarda ya\u015fanan sosyo-ekonomik zorluklar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u00e7inde yasal olmayan s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde bulundu\u011fu \u015fekilde Avrupa topraklar\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da dile getirilen bu farkl\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle Avrupa topraklar\u0131na ula\u015fan ve orada hayata tutunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitleler, \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumsalla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine konu olmalar\u0131, onlar\u0131n kendi ana vatanlar\u0131ndan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-dini-geleneksel-siyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 etkisiyle de g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu kitlelerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn okur-yazarl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, sosyal sermaye, ekonomik sermaye vb. alanlar\u0131ndaki g\u00f6rece \u201cfakirlikleri\u201d, zaman zaman indirgemeci bir ba\u011flama oturtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da, asl\u0131nda Avrupa topraklar\u0131nda birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmayan birden fazla s\u00fcrece konu olan geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunlar aras\u0131nda, s\u00f6z konusu sosyal sermaye fakirli\u011fini gidermeye y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar\u0131n bir t\u00fcr \u00f6z-\u00f6\u011frenme (self-learning<\/em>), grup psikolojisi ile olu\u015fan toplumsal bask\u0131n\u0131n neticesi bilgilenme (information<\/em>) ile Avrupa toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bu \u201cmisafir\u201d kitlesi \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bask\u0131 neticesinde, \u00f6z-savunmac\u0131 bir edimle yeniden-k\u00fclt\u00fcrlenme\/yeniden dindarla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine konu olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Salt ekonomik nedenlerle ve ev sahibi \u00fclkelerin talepleri neticesinde ve ard\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli siyasi ve toplumsal geli\u015fmelerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7 hadiselerinin, Avrupa g\u00fcndemini te\u015fkil eden sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f\/eklemlenmi\u015f sosyolojik vakalar zinciri olarak kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Bir yanda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, \u00f6te yanda asimilasyon ve adaptasyon\u2019a kadar uzanan \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumsal etkile\u015fim boyutlar\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitlelerin belki de geldikleri co\u011frafyalara ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, Avrupa siyaseti ve toplumu taraf\u0131ndan bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak alg\u0131lanmalar\u0131na neden olan bir dini ortakl\u0131k yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeleri itibar\u0131yla a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak sek\u00fclerle\u015fmi\u015f ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 co\u011frafi alan\u0131yla laikle\u015fmi\u015f Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131nan yeni toplumsalla\u015fmalar, ilgili \u00fclkelerin devlet kurumlar\u0131 marifetiyle m\u00fcdahale edilmeye matuf yap\u0131lar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131na asimilasyon denilen politikalar dizisinin s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde belirli ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilse de, ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6\u00e7men kitlelerinin kimi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde \u00f6z-asimilasyon s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini de ortaya koyduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, temel ayr\u0131\u015fma noktas\u0131n\u0131 dini belirlenimliklerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Avrupa toplumu ve g\u00f6\u00e7men toplumlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, Avrupa tarihinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 din temelli sava\u015flar\u0131n gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k yeniden bizzat kendi elleriyle g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n siyasal yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u00f6teki\u201d \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u2018smart<\/em>\u2019 bir d\u00fczlemle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, onun y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Asl\u0131nda olup bitenler, k\u00f6kleri itibar\u0131yla ele al\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Avrupa tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kayda de\u011fer d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerden de\u011fil, olsa olsa bir devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Avrupa tarihinin birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fanan H\u0131ristiyan mezhepleri aras\u0131ndaki uzun s\u00fcreli sava\u015flar, yerini ulus-devletler s\u00fcrecine b\u0131rakmakla birlikte \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n boyutu, yeni s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen devletlerin ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u015fekillenmek suretiyle, sadece Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6z-de\u011feri olarak zuhur eden y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, K\u0131ta ve \u0130ngiliz Adalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Do\u011fu\u2019dan Bat\u0131\u2019ya ad\u0131na s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmi\u015f topraklar denilen b\u00fct\u00fcnde de devam etmesiyle, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n kendi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalara ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemin, Avrupa Ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan gelen d\u00f6nemlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ve bir tezat te\u015fkil edecek denli, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler boyunca Ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi bir model olarak k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme iddias\u0131ndaki Avrupa i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131klanmaya de\u011fer bir konudur.<\/p>\n

Bunun \u00f6tesinde Ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmi\u015f topraklar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde egemenli\u011fin yeg\u00e2ne me\u015fruiyetini sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; \u201cs\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmi\u015f topraklar\u201d s\u00f6ylemi \u00fczerinden, Avrupa siyasal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin di\u011fer toplumlar\u0131 ve bu toplumlar\u0131 var eden k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, dini, geleneksel, siyasal yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etti\u011finin bariz bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

Son yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcrede Avrupa topraklar\u0131nda olan biten, yine Avrupa’n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015finde ilki din sava\u015flar\u0131, ikincisi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik gibi iki temel dinamik d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan gelen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc safhay\u0131 te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6ndeki \u00f6rnekleri, Alman milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ile bir t\u00fcr dini kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n birle\u015fiminden ne\u015fet eden ideolojik yap\u0131 yani, Nazizm\u2019de g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Nazizm\u2019in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitleler \u00fczerinde sergiledi\u011fi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa pek de ses \u00e7\u0131karma g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcs\u00fc olmayan \u00e7evre \u00fclkelerde \u00f6rne\u011fin Hollanda, Avusturya ve Fransa\u2019da s\u00fcrecin temelde ayn\u0131, ancak detayda farkl\u0131la\u015farak devam etmesi asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Bunlar aras\u0131nda Fransa\u2019y\u0131 di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran sahip oldu\u011fu laisizm s\u00f6ylemidir. Bir yanda, Ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin merkezlerinden biri olma \u00f6te yandan, din sava\u015flar\u0131nda Katoliklik \u00fczerinde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 siyasal \u015fiddeti ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Fransa\u2019n\u0131n post-modern d\u00f6nemde sadece Avrupa\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n de\u011fil, k\u00fcresel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman camian\u0131n tepkisini \u00e7ekmesi hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 30.10.2020 Avrupa\u2019da \u0130slam’la ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, son yar\u0131m […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3544\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}