{"id":1933,"date":"2017-03-19T15:57:09","date_gmt":"2017-03-19T15:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=1933"},"modified":"2017-03-20T15:19:17","modified_gmt":"2017-03-20T15:19:17","slug":"asya-pasifikde-denizcilik-kodlari-ve-tarihi-referanslar-maritime-codes-in-asia-pacific-and-historical-references","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/asya-pasifikde-denizcilik-kodlari-ve-tarihi-referanslar-maritime-codes-in-asia-pacific-and-historical-references\/","title":{"rendered":"Asya-Pasifik\u2019de Denizcilik Kodlar\u0131 ve Tarihi Referanslar \/ Maritime Codes in Asia-Pacific and Historical References"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet Ozay 02.11.2017<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en bir hafta boyunca Cakarta\u2019da bulundu\u011fum s\u0131rada, bu ay ba\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u201cHint Okyanusu\u2019na K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 Olan \u00dclkeler Birli\u011fi\u201d (IORA) toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n izlerine \u015fehrin belli ba\u015fl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felerindeki panolarda as\u0131l\u0131 il\u00e2nlar sayesinde tan\u0131k oldum. Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131da dile getirdi\u011fim s\u00f6z konusu birlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131na dayanmakla birlikte, aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131ndan herhangi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Endonezya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joko Widodo\u2019nun inisiyatifiyle ve di\u011fer \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin deste\u011fiyle ilk zirveye konu olan Birlik, asl\u0131nda bu \u00fcye \u00fclkeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni bir k\u00fcresel siyasi ve ekonomik zemine i\u015faret ediyor. Bu zemin, ABD\u2019de Barack Obama\u2019l\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flar\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme getirilen ve ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel siyaset ve ekonomi ili\u015fkilerine yeni bir y\u00f6n vermeye matuf bir politika olarak dikkat \u00e7eken, \u2018Asya Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131\u2019 projesinde bir kayma kadar, bir t\u00fcr devaml\u0131l\u0131k olarak da okunmaya elveri\u015fli bir duruma i\u015faret ediyor. \u00a0Bu s\u00fcreci \u2018kayma\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rmaktan kast\u0131m, ABD\u2019de Donald Trump rejiminin Asya-Pasifik politikalar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fim \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesinden kaynaklan\u0131yor. \u2018Devaml\u0131l\u0131k\u2019tan kast\u0131m ise, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki geli\u015fmelerde ABD lokomotif olma i\u015flevinden \u00e7ekilse de, b\u00f6lge potansiyel de\u011ferinden bir \u015fey kaybetmedi\u011fi gibi, IORA toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi yeni alternatif bloklar\u0131n olu\u015fumuna da el verecek kapasiteye sahip.<\/p>\n

Obama d\u00f6neminde, Asya k\u0131tas\u0131na atfen dillendirilen \u2018Asya Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131\u2019 projesi, asl\u0131nda Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve geni\u015f su yollar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir alan\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor(du). \u2018Du\u2019 diyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu 20 Ocak 2017\u2019den itibaren ABD\u2019de Donald Trump y\u00f6netiminin Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik, ticaret ve yat\u0131r\u0131m eksenli ili\u015fkilerinde kapsaml\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olabilece\u011fine dair s\u00f6ylemlerine Trans Pasifik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (TPPA) rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla somut ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, \u00f6zellikle Kuzey Kore\u2019nin f\u00fcze denemeleri ve n\u00fckleer silah \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etmesinin do\u011furdu\u011fu tehdidin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ABD\u2019de yeni y\u00f6netimin g\u00fcvenlik politikas\u0131ndaki \u00f6nceki s\u00f6ylemlerinin aksine, Japonya ve G\u00fcney Kore ile var olan ittifak ili\u015fkilerinin \u201cy\u00fczde y\u00fcz\u201d devam ettirilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir teminat\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Hatta, bu s\u00fcrecin son a\u015famas\u0131nda ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Rex Tillerson\u2019un G\u00fcney Kore\u2019ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyarette g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fi \u00fczere, Kore Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda bir m\u00fcdahaleye ye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131k yakacak yakla\u015f\u0131mlar dahi sergilenmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, 6-7 Mart g\u00fcnlerinde Cakarta\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen IORA devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ve ba\u015fbakanlar d\u00fczeyindeki toplant\u0131, ABD\u2019nin TPPA\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesiyle birlikte daha \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fine i\u015faret etti\u011fimiz geli\u015fmelerden sadece biri olarak g\u00fcndeme geldi. IORA zirvesinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin sadece devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jokowi\u2019nin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Retno Marsudi ile Denizcilik ve Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Bakan\u0131 Dr. Susi Pudjiastuti\u2019nin katk\u0131s\u0131 yads\u0131namaz. \u00d6zellikle akademi k\u00f6kenli Dr. Susi\u2019nin denizcilik konusunda ehil bir ki\u015fi olmas\u0131n\u0131n, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu alandaki politikas\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku yok. Bu ba\u011flamda, Dr. Susi, Jokowi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde yer almas\u0131yla birlikte \u2018denizcilik\u2019 i\u015flerinde reform \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n da arkas\u0131ndaki isim olarak g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Bakan Dr. Susi, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n bir \u2018tak\u0131madalar cenneti\u2019 olman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n getirdi\u011fi jeo-stratejik ve jeo-ekonomik \u00f6nemin de olduk\u00e7a fark\u0131nda olarak, bunu bir devlet projesi haline getirmenin m\u00fccadelesini veriyor. Her f\u0131rsatta denizcilik konusunu g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yan Bakan Dr. Susi, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l \u00fclkenin do\u011fusunda Maluku Adas\u0131\u2019nda Ambon\u2019daki Pattimura \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde verdi\u011fi bir konferansta, \u201cJokowi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Endonezya\u2019y\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda denizci bir ulus yapma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Maalesef bug\u00fcne kadar \u00fclkemiz (Endonezya) deniz kaynaklar\u0131ndan istenildi\u011fi \u015fekilde istifade edememi\u015ftir. Aksine bu kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z ba\u015fka \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u201d anlam\u0131na gelecek s\u00f6zleriyle konuya dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Ancak Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n denizci ulus olmas\u0131n\u0131n, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n icraat\u00e7\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir anlam\u0131 var. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n Hint Okyanusu \u00fczerinden Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya Afrika\u2019ya ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve ikincil su yollar\u0131 da hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6lgesel i\u015fbirli\u011finin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir boyut te\u015fkil etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Endonezya\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin g\u00fcndeminde etkin bir \u015fekilde yer almas\u0131 i\u00e7in gayret g\u00f6sterilen denizcilik konusu ve tabii ki Hint Okyanusu ba\u011flam\u0131, asl\u0131nda Endonezya i\u00e7in yeni bir olgu de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Aksine \u201cHint Okyanusu\u201d konusu bundan 12 y\u0131l \u00f6nce g\u00fcndeme gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 26 Aral\u0131k 2004 tarihindeki 9.2 \u015fiddetindeki deprem ve akabinde olu\u015fan tsunaminin neden oldu\u011fu \u2018do\u011fal\u2019 afet Hint Okyanusu\u2019na ve de bu su yolunu \u00e7evreleyen \u00fclkelerin ili\u015fkisine \u2018do\u011frudan\u2019 bir referans niteli\u011findeydi. Bu fel\u00e2ket, bir ucu Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131 giri\u015finde Endonezya\u2019nin 33 eyaletinden biri olan A\u00e7e, \u00f6te tarafta Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019da Somali sahillerine kadar ula\u015fan dev dalgalar, asl\u0131nda bu devasa denizin tarihsel olarak birle\u015ftirdi\u011fi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n yeniden hat\u0131rlanmas\u0131na vesile oldu. Asl\u0131nda IORA toplant\u0131lar\u0131yla bug\u00fcn Endonezya merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin g\u00fcndeme getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hint Okyanusu\u2019na k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan \u00fclkeler i\u015fbirli\u011finin tarihi, akademik, ekonomik boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n ele al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131, ilki 24-27 \u015eubat 2007 tarihlerinde d\u00fczenlenen \u201cUluslararas\u0131 A\u00e7e Hint Okyanusu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Konferans\u0131 (\u201cInternational Conference on Aceh and Indian Ocean Studies\u201d (ICAIOS) vesilesiyle oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu adla, o g\u00fcnden bu yana her iki y\u0131lda bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen konferanslar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 komitesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den de bir temsilin olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli\/ydi. ICAIOS ad\u0131 sadece konferansla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmay\u0131p, merkezi Banda A\u00e7e\u2019de bulunan aktif bir ofis taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekte. 3 Haziran 2011 tarihinde d\u00fcnyab\u00fclteni\u2019nde yay\u0131nlanan \u201cA\u00e7e\u2019deki Son Geli\u015fmeler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131da da dile getirdi\u011fim \u00fczere, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinden ve alanlar\u0131nda uzman akademisyenlerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bu konferanslar, o d\u00f6nem A\u00e7e\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6steren Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ofisleri gibi uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6neme sahip kurulu\u015flar\u0131n da destek ve katk\u0131s\u0131na sahipti.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e\u2019deki bu olu\u015fumu hat\u0131rlatmam\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkili olmas\u0131ndan ku\u015fku duyulmayan baz\u0131 hususlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermesinden kaynaklan\u0131yor. \u0130lki yukar\u0131da da de\u011finmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00fczere, bir Tak\u0131madalar \u00fclkesi olan Endonezya\u2019da merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00fclkenin bu do\u011fal zenginli\u011fini hen\u00fcz yeni yeni ke\u015ffetmekte olu\u015fu. Hint Okyanusu denildi\u011finde Endonezya ba\u011flam\u0131nda Sumatra Adas\u0131 ve de bu adan\u0131n kuzeyindeki A\u00e7e Eyaleti do\u011fal olarak akla gelen isim oluyor. Ancak on iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce A\u00e7e\u2019de ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve sadece \u2018p\u00fcr akademik\u2019 ba\u011flam\u0131yla da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayan inisiyatifin merkezi y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 sorunlu bir duruma i\u015faret ediyor. S\u00f6z konusu bu \u2018Hint Okyanusu\u2019 temelli yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n A\u00e7e\u2019de g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda tarihsel bir devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa i\u015faret ediyor. A\u00e7e\u2019nin bin y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015finde kurulan irili ufakl\u0131 devletlere ve b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131na \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi renk, bu topraklar\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren Hint Alt K\u0131tas\u0131 ve Arab Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ile ticari, siyasi, sosyo-dini ili\u015fkilerini ortaya koyuyor. Asl\u0131nda bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00c7in devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015ei Cinping\u2019in 2013 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren, \u201cKara ve Deniz \u0130pek Yollar\u0131\u201d projesini g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ve G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nin y\u00fczde 90\u2019l\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne hakim olacak \u015fekilde egemenlik \u00e7er\u00e7evesini geni\u015fletme politikas\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7lere referansla g\u00fcndeme getirmesinden bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor. Kald\u0131 ki, Endonezya\u2019da 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana iktidarda olan Jokowi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde de Bakan Dr. Susi\u2019nin ortaya koydu\u011fu \u2018denizci bir ulus olma bilincinin\u2019 ekonomik, siyasi ve de askeri vecheleriyle ortaya konmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da -Cava Adas\u0131’n\u0131 dikkate alarak- \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lgenin denizci bir devleti olarak tarihte iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f Majapahit \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na (13-15. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131) referans yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

ABD y\u00f6netiminin 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Asya-Pasifik\u2019e bi\u00e7ti\u011fi \u2018liderlik\u2019 rol\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, siyasi ve ekonomik rekabetin \u015fekillendirmesiyle,\u00a0 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde tarihe referansla yeni b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel projeleri g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u015ein Cinping liderli\u011findeki \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin tarihe referansla \u0130pek Yollar\u0131 projesi, G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nin neredeyse tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerindeki egemenlik iddias\u0131 tarihi referans\u0131 b\u00f6lge ve k\u00fcresel politikalarda tepki do\u011furmaya devam ediyor. Endonezya\u2019da ise, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jokowi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, tsunami sonras\u0131nda A\u00e7e Eyaleti\u2019nde olu\u015fan uluslararas\u0131 ortam\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu ve akademi d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan Hint Okyanusu temelli a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 es ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa da, ortaya koymaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018denizci bir ulus olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi\u2019 dikkat \u00e7ekici geli\u015fmeler olarak okunmaya aday.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/haber-analiz\/396289\/asya-pasifikde-denizcilik-kodlari-ve-tarihi-referanslar<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a019.03.2017 Ge\u00e7en bir hafta boyunca Cakarta\u2019da […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-hint-okyanusu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1933"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1933\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}