Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 06.12.2016<\/p>\n
Myanmar\u2019da 9 Ekim\u2019den bu yana Arakan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik zul\u00fcm ve \u015fiddetin \u2018etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131ma\u2019 evrildi\u011fi konusunda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kanaatler son g\u00fcnlerde b\u00f6lgede ilk defa tan\u0131k olunan tepkileri beraberinde getiriyor. Bu anlamda, Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc Malezya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kuala Lumpur\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k on bin ki\u015finin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Arakan\u2019a destek g\u00f6sterisi, niceliksel kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6tesinde g\u00f6steriyi organize eden kurumlar ve liderlerin s\u00f6ylemleriyle ASEAN \u00f6zelinde yeni bir tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmeye aday.<\/p>\n
Malezya\u2019dan \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde tepki<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6steri, Birle\u015fik Ulusal Malay Organizasyonu (UMNO) genel ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Ba\u015fbakan Necib bin Rezak ve Malezya \u0130slam Partisi (PAS) genel ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130slam Alimleri Birli\u011fi Genel Sekreter Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Abd\u00fclhadi Awang\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bu geli\u015fme ku\u015fkusuz ki, bug\u00fcne kadar Malezya\u2019da Arakan konusunda siyasi bir iradenin ortaya konulmas\u0131 ve bunun y\u00fcksek sesle dile getirilmesi ad\u0131na en \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m.<\/p>\n Myanmar\u2019\u0131n Bengal K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne bakan bat\u0131 eyaleti Arakan\u2019da 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 May\u0131s ve Haziran aylar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve g\u00f6\u00e7ler sonras\u0131nda Malezya\u2019da uluslararas\u0131 konferanslar ve g\u00f6steriler tertip edildi\u011fine tan\u0131k olunmu\u015ftu. Ancak Malezya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilece\u011fi \u00fczere, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 Arakan konusunda Pazar g\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6steride yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmadaki gibi net mesajlar ortaya konulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fbakan Necib bin Rezak ve PAS genel ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hadi Awang konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u0130slami hassasiyetler ve \u00fcmmet olgusu \u00fczerinden birli\u011fe dikkat \u00e7ekerken, Myanmar h\u00fck\u00fcmetini zulme ve soyk\u0131r\u0131ma neden olmakla ve bug\u00fcne kadar uluslararas\u0131 tepkilere ra\u011fmen, bu s\u00fcreci sonland\u0131rma konusunda gerekli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmamakla sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ektiler. Myanmar h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ofisinden ge\u00e7en Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lan ve Ba\u015fbakan Necib bin Rezak\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lmamas\u0131, aksi halde bunun ASEAN s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine g\u00f6re \u00fclkenin i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmak anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki\u00a0 uyar\u0131s\u0131na verilen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k tastamam bununla ilgiliydi.<\/p>\n Myanmar\u2019da ordu n\u00fcfuzu ve ASEAN \u00fcyeli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Ba\u015fbakan Necib, konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Malezya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti veya kendisinin Myanmar\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine Arakan\u2019da ya\u015fananlar\u0131n bir insanl\u0131k su\u00e7u oldu\u011funu ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede sessiz kalmama sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmekte olduklar\u0131na i\u015faret etti. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de ASEAN s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki yer alan insan haklar\u0131 konusundaki ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kararlar\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131rken, Myanmar h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu maddeleri ni\u00e7in g\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fini de sorgulad\u0131. Ba\u015fbakan bir ad\u0131m daha ileri giderek, Myanmar\u2019\u0131n ASEAN \u00fcyeli\u011finin yeniden de\u011ferlendirilemeye a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisini g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n G\u00f6steriye Malezya\u2019daki baz\u0131 sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 da katk\u0131da bulunurken, siyasi liderlerin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalara destek verdiler. Konuyla ilgili olarak AA\u2019ya konu\u015fan merkezi \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130slami Sivil Toplum Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 (IDSB) G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya sorumlusu Ahmet Azam Abdurrahman, Ba\u015fbakan Necib bin Rezak ve PAS genel ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda Myanmar h\u00fck\u00fcmetine iletilen \u00f6nemli mesajlar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Ahmet Azam, \u201cArakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ard\u0131nda \u2018de facto\u2019 h\u00fck\u00fcmet olan ordu bulunuyor.\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getirirken, bir anlamda Ba\u015fbakan Necib bin Rezak\u2019\u0131n Arakan\u2019daki geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Su \u00c7i\u2019yi sorumlulu\u011fa davet eden a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n neye tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi ve ne t\u00fcr s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle ilintili oldu\u011funu da ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan, Malezya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00d6\u011frenci Derne\u011fi (ABIM) d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler sorumlusu Adli Zakuan ise, Ba\u015fbakan\u2019\u0131n konu\u015fmas\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131m uygulayan Myanmar\u2019\u0131n ASEAN \u00fcyeli\u011finin yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmeye a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Adli Zakuan, Myanmar devletinin Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 ve yok say\u0131c\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yeni olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyma ad\u0131na, \u201c\u0130nsan haklar\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda Myanmar\u2019\u0131n ASEAN \u00fcyeli\u011fine o d\u00f6nem de AB\u0130M olarak kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.\u201d c\u00fcmlesi Myanmar\u2019da Arakal\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar sorununun en az\u0131ndan 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde de var oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6nem arz ediyor.<\/p>\n Malezya ve Myanmar h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerini kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getiren bu s\u00fcrecin, Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 insani durumun \u00f6tesinde, ASEAN ba\u011flam\u0131nda siyasi bir krize evrilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Malezya\u2019da bizzat ba\u015fbakan ve baz\u0131 bakanlar taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcmet ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, \u00fclkedeki geleneksel m\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitlelerin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu PAS taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmesi, konunun sadece Malezya \u00f6zelinde kalmayaca\u011f\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin Endonezya\u2019da da zaten var olan duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir temsiliyette kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulaca\u011f\u0131 ihtimalini art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Bununla birlikte, halen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren di\u011fer baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel meselelerden hareketle ASEAN\u2019\u0131n siyasi birlik konusunda istikrarl\u0131 bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilememesi, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman konusunda Myanmar\u2019a y\u00f6nelik ne gibi ciddi bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirilebilece\u011fini de \u015f\u00fcpheli k\u0131l\u0131yor. Kald\u0131 ki, Myanmar \u00f6zelinde bug\u00fcne kadar insan haklar\u0131 konusundaki uyar\u0131lar\u0131n temelde ABD ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nden gelmesi nedeniyle, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin bu alanda inisiyatif almamas\u0131yla bir t\u00fcr \u2018d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 sergileniyordu. Bununla birlikte, ABD\u2019de se\u00e7imler sonras\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler yeni y\u0131lla birlikte g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayacak yeni y\u00f6netimin Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki sorunlara, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Myanmar\u2019daki genel anlamda insan haklar\u0131 meselesi ve \u00f6zelde Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n durumuna y\u00f6nelik reform mahiyetindeki a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u015fekilde g\u00fcndeme getirece\u011fini de belirsiz k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men sorunu ve BM M\u00fclteciler s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu noktada baz\u0131 istatistiki verilerle Arakanl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin durumuna yak\u0131ndan bakmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. ASEAN\u2019a \u00fcye \u00fclkeler i\u00e7inde Malezya\u2019da Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019ne kay\u0131tl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 55 bin Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bulunuyor. Ayr\u0131ca, Tayland ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki Arakanl\u0131lar da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczbinlere ula\u015fan bir kitlenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana teknelerle g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Endonezya\u2019da Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bununla birlikte, s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkelerdeki Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hukuki stat\u00fclerinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/p>\n Bu noktada, AB\u0130M sorumlusunun dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere, Malezya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bir yandan Myanmar\u2019\u0131 ele\u015ftirirken, \u00f6te yandan \u00fclkedeki Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131 her an soru\u015fturmaya tabi tutabilecek bir yasal s\u00fcrecin mevcut oldu\u011fu, bunun i\u015fletilmemesinin de baz\u0131 ki\u015fi ve kurumlar\u0131n inisiyatifine terk edildi\u011fi konusu ortada duruyor. Bunun temel nedeni Malezya ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ASEAN\u2019a \u00fcye \u00fclkelerde BM m\u00fclteciler s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin halen imzalanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bulunuyor. Bug\u00fcne kadar, \u00f6rne\u011fin Malezya ve Endonezya\u2019da bu kitlenin \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmesinde sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile geni\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kamuoyunun \u2018yumu\u015fak\u2019 bask\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek gerekir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda ASEAN d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten Malezya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti nezdinde giri\u015fimlerde bulunan baz\u0131 sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 Myanmar\u2019\u0131n ASEAN \u00fcyeli\u011finin tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdiklerini hat\u0131rlatabiliriz.<\/p>\n ASEAN yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe muhta\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n Tabii bu geli\u015fmeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Myanmar devletinin Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zme konusunda inisiyatif al\u0131p almayaca\u011f\u0131 bir yana, yeni bir durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Birincisi, ASEAN s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki \u201c\u00fcye \u00fclkelerin birbirlerinin i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131\u201d maddesinin yeniden ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi. \u0130kincisi ise, yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere, Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sadece Malezya ve Endonezya\u2019da de\u011fil aksine, \u00f6rne\u011fin Tayland gibi, b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de siyasi ve toplumsal stat\u00fclerinin belirsizli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde varl\u0131k s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri konusu g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Her iki durumda da ASEAN genel sekreterli\u011fi marifetiyle ba\u015flat\u0131lacak ve ba\u015fta Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgedeki yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin stat\u00fcs\u00fc \u2018insan haklar\u0131 temelli\u2019 yeni bir temele oturtulmay\u0131 bekliyor.<\/p>\n ASEAN\u2019a \u00fcye \u00fclkelerden Kambo\u00e7ya, Filipinler gibi birka\u00e7\u0131 hari\u00e7 di\u011ferlerinin Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne halen imzalamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir sorun. Bu durumun, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Malezya y\u00f6netimince g\u00fcndeme getirilen \u2018insan odakl\u0131 ASEAN\u2019 konseptiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da apa\u00e7\u0131k ortada. Bug\u00fcn Malezya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bir siyasi irade olarak ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar konusunda \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan Arakanl\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik yasal g\u00f6\u00e7menlik hakk\u0131ndan mahrumiyet ve bunun neden oldu\u011fu sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ekonomik ko\u015fullar ortada bir ikircikli durum oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n Her ne kadar ge\u00e7en hafta \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Ahmet Zahidi Hamid, \u201cMalezya olarak Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fum yapma hakk\u0131 veriyoru\u201d dese de bu durum s\u00f6z konusu kitlenin geni\u015f bir\u00a0 \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi i\u00e7ine alan sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik varl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki yeri olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, ABIM d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler sorumlusu Adli Zakuan bu konuyu daha geni\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirerek, \u201cBa\u015fbakan Necib bin Rezak\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6sterideki konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmit verici oldu\u011funu, ancak bunun yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131n pratikte kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmas\u0131yla Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar\u0131n en az\u0131ndan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulabilece\u011fini\u201d ileri s\u00fcrerek daha yap\u0131lacak \u00e7ok i\u015f oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyordu.<\/p>\n