{"id":1834,"date":"2016-11-23T14:18:31","date_gmt":"2016-11-23T14:18:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=1834"},"modified":"2016-11-23T14:19:53","modified_gmt":"2016-11-23T14:19:53","slug":"trump-ve-asya-pasifikde-tppa-sancisi-trump-and-lament-of-tppa-in-asia-pacific","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/trump-ve-asya-pasifikde-tppa-sancisi-trump-and-lament-of-tppa-in-asia-pacific\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump ve Asya-Pasifik\u2019de TPPA Sanc\u0131s\u0131 \/ Trump and Lament of TPPA in Asia-Pacific"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Cihan Kurtaran<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ABD\u2019deki se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel yans\u0131malar\u0131 devam ederken, bu geli\u015fmenin Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri Trans Pasifik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (TPPA) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya konuyor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019nun do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 yakas\u0131ndaki on iki \u00fclkenin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi hedeflenen birli\u011fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma konusu haline geldi. Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli d\u0131\u015f politika konular\u0131ndan biri olarak dikkat \u00e7eken TPPA, yeni ekonomi politikalar\u0131na kurban gitme ihtimali ta\u015f\u0131yor. ABD \u00fcreticisi ve t\u00fcketicisine y\u00f6nelik tedbirlerle \u00fclke ekonomisini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi hedefleyen Trump\u2019\u0131n, bir anlamda i\u00e7e kapanma politikas\u0131yla, k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye meydan okudu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada, hem de ABD gibi bir \u00fclkenin bunu nas\u0131l ortaya koyaca\u011f\u0131 meselesi bir yana, kalk\u0131nma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye bor\u00e7lu Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesi \u00fclkeleri, se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte ABD y\u00f6netiminin yeni d\u00f6nemdeki politikas\u0131n\u0131n seyredebilece\u011fi potansiyel geli\u015fmelere dair pratikler \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 bile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">TPPA, ABD ve d\u00fcnya siyasetinin son on y\u0131l\u0131na damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran Obama y\u00f6netiminin, 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 Asya vurgusuyla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bununla birlikte, s\u00f6z konusu ticari birli\u011finin n\u00fcvesini, asl\u0131nda b\u00f6lgedeki birka\u00e7 \u00fclkenin kendi aralar\u0131nda ticari i\u015fbirli\u011fini \u015fekillendirme \u00e7abas\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 bile temelde, bug\u00fcn TPPA\u2019y\u0131 ABD\u2019den daha \u00e7ok b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin savunmas\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esini olu\u015fturmaya yetiyor. Japonya, Avustralya, Singapur, Vietnam, Malezya gibi birlik \u00fcyesi ve birli\u011fin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesinde \u00f6nemli \u00e7aba sarfeden ve bu noktada siyasi iradelerini ortayan koyan \u00fclkeler, gerek kendi aralar\u0131nda son d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ikili ziyaretler ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler gerekse ilgili \u00fclkelerin ticaret ve ekonomi bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla konuyu g\u00fcndemde tutmaya devam ediyorlar. Singapur ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Lee Hsien Lhoong\u2019\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda Avustralya\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret, bu hafta ba\u015f\u0131nda Malezya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Necib bin Rezak\u2019\u0131n Japonya\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret ve Vietnam Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Nguyen Xuan Phuc\u2019\u0131n daha bir iki g\u00fcn \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama bunlara \u00f6rnek verilebilir. Taraflar ABD\u2019nin TPPA i\u00e7indeki rol\u00fcne, Trump\u2019\u0131n bu ticari birli\u011fe \u2018balta vurabilecek\u2019 politikalar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekincelerini dile getirmek kadar, yeni ABD y\u00f6netimini ikna etme konusunda da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f beyan ediyorlar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu ba\u011flamda ilk giri\u015fim d\u00fcn Japonya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u015einzo Abe yapt\u0131. Abe, Trump\u2019la birbu\u00e7uk saate varan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi, Trump\u2019\u0131n gayri resmi de olsa \u00f6nemli bir \u00fclke ba\u015fbakan\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulu\u015fma olmas\u0131yla da dikkat \u00e7ekti. Trump\u2019\u0131 ikna giri\u015fiminde ba\u015f rol\u00fc Japonya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u015einzo Abe\u2019nin almas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak bir taraf bulunmuyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi olmas\u0131 kadar, Asya-Pasifik\u2019de Japonya\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartan veya buna zorlanan ba\u015fka unsurlar da bulunuyor. Bunun en ba\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7en be\u015f y\u0131l boyunca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen TPPA g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u00c7in\u2019in ABD se\u00e7imleri sonras\u0131 olu\u015fan atmosferde b\u00f6lgede siyasi olmak kadar, ekonomik ve ticari ili\u015fkilerde de bir ad\u0131m daha \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi ihtimaline dayan\u0131yor. B\u00f6lgedeki her \u00fclkenin \u00c7in\u2019le olan ticari ve yat\u0131r\u0131m ili\u015fkileri bir ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011fu kadar, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde b\u00f6lgedeki neredeyse hi\u00e7bir \u00fclke kendilerini salt \u00c7in\u2019le ba\u011fda\u015f\u0131k k\u0131lacak bir ili\u015fki yanl\u0131s\u0131 da de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde TPPA g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine kat\u0131lan \u00fclkeleri bu ticari yap\u0131y\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irme konusunda bir t\u00fcr agresif yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ge\u00e7en be\u015f y\u0131l boyunca Obama y\u00f6netimiyle neredeyse di\u015fe di\u015f yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan durum bulunuyor. Malezya Uluslararas\u0131 Ticaret ve End\u00fcstri Bakan\u0131 Mustafa Muhammed\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere ilgili \u00fclkeler b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji ve para harcayarak bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri nihayete erdirmi\u015f ve \u00fclkelerdeki muhalefeti de ikna edecek \u015fekilde parlamentolar\u0131ndan onay alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin kendilerini ve de muhalefeti dolay\u0131s\u0131yla geni\u015f bir kamuoyunu ikna s\u00fcreci olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, gelece\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fck ticari ve ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n da zeminini olu\u015fturuyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla al\u0131nan bunca yolun sonunda hedefe ula\u015famamak \u00fclkeleri tabiri caizse kontripide b\u0131rakacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Genel itibar\u0131yla bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin kimi zaman ABD\u2019nin dayatmas\u0131 \u015feklinde ge\u00e7ti\u011fi belirtilse de, \u00f6te yandan, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin son otuz veya k\u0131rk y\u0131l\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu \u00fclkelerin ekonomik kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda ba\u015fat unsurun imalat sanayinin harekete ge\u00e7irilerek ihracat odakl\u0131 bir yap\u0131la\u015fma oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1980\u2019lerden itibaren eko-politik kavramlar aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yer edinen \u2018k\u00fcreselle\u015fme\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f bat\u0131 ekonomilerinin sa\u00e7 ayaklar\u0131 olan \u015firketlerin ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc, hammadde, ula\u015f\u0131m gibi Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinin sahip oldu\u011fu avantajlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irdi. Ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler bu yat\u0131r\u0131m dalgas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik boyutlarda hem Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketler hem de kendi yerel \u015firketlerinin s\u00fcrece adaptasyonuyla \u00f6nemli bir kalk\u0131nma hamlesine tan\u0131k oldular.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, sadece Bat\u0131l\u0131 dev yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketlerinin de\u011fil, ulusal ve hatta yerel \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe kadar inen bir yat\u0131r\u0131m-\u00fcretim-t\u00fckekim zincir d\u00fczene\u011fini de g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. B\u00f6lgenin g\u00f6rece geri kalm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkeleri Laos ve Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019ya kadar n\u00fcfuz eden bu s\u00fcrecin, ilgili \u00fclke halklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel t\u00fcketim ekonomisine endekslendi\u011fi de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. TPPA i\u00e7inde yer alan \u00fclkelerin kayg\u0131land\u0131ran da bu nokta. Ancak yukar\u0131da dile getirilen \u2018ikna s\u00fcre\u00e7leri\u2019, yeni y\u0131lla birlikte ABD\u2019de olu\u015facak y\u00f6netimin tavr\u0131nda bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe yol a\u00e7mamas\u0131 ihtimali de g\u00fcndemde. Bu durumda, gene ilgili \u00fclke yetkilileri, ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba sarf edilen birlik unsurunun en az\u0131ndan yeni ikili veya b\u00f6lgesel ticraet anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla hayata ge\u00e7irilmesinin yolunu da ar\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">TPPA\u2019ya taraf olan b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirilmese de, \u00fczerinde durduklar\u0131na \u015f\u00fcphe olmayan bir di\u011fer husus ise, b\u00f6lgenin siyasi ve g\u00fcvenlik ba\u011flam\u0131. ABD\u2019nin gene 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l politikas\u0131nda ba\u015fat bir yer edindi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a il\u00e2n edilen pasifik boyutu, TPPA\u2019s\u0131z olmas\u0131 halinde kan kayb\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Bu sadece, ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lge ve de k\u00fcresel olarak ikinci bir \u2018g\u00fc\u00e7\u2019 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerilemesi anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. B\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri, her ne kadar zaman zaman d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u00f6ylemle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131ksalar da, b\u00f6lgenin siyasi g\u00fcven ve istikrar\u0131nda iki kutuplu ili\u015fkileri \u00f6nceliyorlar. \u00d6yle ki, \u00c7in\u2019e yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lan \u00fclkelerin bir s\u00fcre sonra ABD\u2019yle benzer bir t\u00fcr ili\u015fkileri ba\u015flatmalar\u0131na -veya bunun tam tersi- tan\u0131k olunuyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Malezya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Necib bin Rezak, bu ay\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ziyarette ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ticari ve yat\u0131r\u0131m anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve hatta g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli de olsa askeri i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, ABD se\u00e7imlerini takiben \u201cABD bize h\u00e2l\u00e2 ihtiyac\u0131 var.\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in \u00f6nemine dolayl\u0131 olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ticari birli\u011fin salt ekonomi boyutuyla de\u011fil, ABD-Vietnam ili\u015fkilerinde de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere d\u00fcn\u00fcn \u2018d\u00fc\u015fman\u2019 \u00fclkelerinin birli\u011fine do\u011fru evrilen bir boyutu da kaps\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Japonya\u2019dan Avustralya\u2019ya kadar Asya-Pasifik\u2019de hi\u00e7bir \u00fclke bug\u00fcn elde edilen bir kazan\u0131m olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri TPPA\u2019dan vazge\u00e7me niyetinde de\u011filler. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, ABD\u2019nin yer almama ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 da alternatifler geli\u015ftirme pe\u015findeler.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/haber-analiz\/384907\/trump-ve-asya-pasifikte-tppa-sancisi\">http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/haber-analiz\/384907\/trump-ve-asya-pasifikte-tppa-sancisi<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cihan Kurtaran ABD\u2019deki se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel yans\u0131malar\u0131 devam ederken, bu geli\u015fmenin Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri Trans Pasifik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (TPPA) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya konuyor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019nun do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 yakas\u0131ndaki on iki \u00fclkenin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi hedeflenen birli\u011fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma konusu haline geldi. Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli d\u0131\u015f politika konular\u0131ndan [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1835,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asean","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1834"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1834\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}