{"id":17,"date":"2013-12-11T10:51:00","date_gmt":"2013-12-11T10:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/ini\/?p=17"},"modified":"2016-10-10T04:32:47","modified_gmt":"2016-10-10T04:32:47","slug":"dunya-ticaret-orgutunde-mutlu-son-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/dunya-ticaret-orgutunde-mutlu-son-mu\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019nde Mutlu Son mu? \/ A Happy End at WTO?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 9 Aral\u0131k 2013<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Bali\u2019deki Bakanlar d\u00fczeyinde yap\u0131lan 17. Toplant\u0131\u2019s\u0131 t\u00fcm zorluklara ra\u011fmen, \u2018imzayla\u2019 sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Ve B\u00f6ylece \u201cTicareti Kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bu anla\u015fmayla DT\u00d6 yola devam karar\u0131 ald\u0131… Anla\u015fma, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201c2001 Doha Ruhu\u201dnun dirili\u015fi olarak da de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Geli\u015fmeye ilk olumlu mesaj ise Barack Obama oldu. Obama bu anla\u015fma ile \u00f6zellikle \u2018k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeleri\u2019 uluslararas\u0131 mobilizasyon kazanacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1995\u2019de kurulu\u015fundan bu yana \u00fcyeleraras\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klarla g\u00fcndeme gelen ve her toplant\u0131s\u0131 alternatif toplant\u0131lar ve g\u00f6sterilerle proteste edilen DT\u00d6 bu sefer imza atmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. 159 \u00fclkenin \u00fcye oldu\u011fu \u00f6rg\u00fct, Bali \u00f6ncesi Cenevre s\u00fcrecinde ortak bir metin \u00fczerinde anla\u015fma sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle, Bali\u2019de nelerin ya\u015fana\u011f\u0131 merak konusuydu. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u00d6rg\u00fct\u2019\u00fcn Brezilyal\u0131 Genel Sekreteri Roberto Azevedo\u2019nun\u00a0 \u201cBu anla\u015fma, ya imzalanacak ya da her \u015fey bitecek\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fcnde tehditvari a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 etkisini g\u00f6sterdi diyebiliriz. \u0130mza sonras\u0131 b\u00f6ylesine rasyonel bir kurumun y\u00f6neticisinden beklenmeyecek \u015fekilde g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tutamayan ise gene Azevedo\u2019ydu….<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da Obama\u2019n\u0131n ilk olumlu tepkiyi veren lider oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. Nedeni de a\u00e7\u0131k… 1995\u2019den bu yana kaydade\u011fer bir geli\u015fme sergileyememi\u015f DT\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u00fcresel ticareti b\u00f6lgeleraras\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ABD y\u00f6netimi DT\u00d6 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u2018s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 da olsa\u2019 bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lmas\u0131ndan herhalde memnuniyet duyuyor olmal\u0131d\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin bu b\u00f6lgeleraras\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131na en son \u00f6rnek ise Trans-Pasifik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (TPPA) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 geliyor. Hen\u00fcz son imza a\u015famas\u0131na gelinmese de ABD\u2019nin Pasifi\u011fin iki yakas\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getirecek ve ABD ekonomisine hayat kap\u0131s\u0131 olacak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden biri olarak bak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel sistemin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinin DT\u00d6 Anla\u015fmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak kula\u011fa ho\u015f gelecek \u015fekilde dile getirdikleri \u201czengin-fakir t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler ayn\u0131 oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 oynayacaklar\u0131\u201d arg\u00fcman\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak \u201c\u015eartlar zenginler ve fakirler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 m\u0131?\u201d sorusu hep g\u00fcndemde yer i\u015fgal etti ve etmeye de devam edecek. \u00d6rne\u011fin yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclke i\u015f \u00e7evrelerinden geli\u015fmemi\u015f\/geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere do\u011fru bir ak\u0131m seyretti\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda DT\u00d6 \u2018kurallar\u0131 da\u2019 bu ulusa\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n lehine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Yani DT\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn koydu\u011fu kurallar g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmeyecek kadar ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131. Bu anlamda, DT\u00d6 kurallar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yerli h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin yasa g\u00fcc\u00fc de bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7. Kurallar belirlenmi\u015f oluyor ve oyuncular sahaya iniyor. Elbette yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n geri kalm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde i\u015f olarak geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc arg\u00fcman\u0131 da her \u015feye ra\u011fmen epeyce ele\u015ftirilmeye matuf bir y\u00f6n i\u00e7eriyor. S\u00fcre\u00e7 hi\u00e7 de san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi d\u00fcz-pozitif bir \u00e7izgi takip etmiyor…<\/p>\n

DT\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn \u00f6nceki toplant\u0131lar\u0131ndaki handikaplar\u0131n benzeri gene tekrar etti. \u00d6yle ki, Cenevre s\u00fcrecinden ba\u015flayarak toplant\u0131lar \u00f6ncesinde ba\u015fta Hindistan, \u00c7in ve K\u00fcba olmak \u00fczere G\u00fcney\u2019in tepkisi vard\u0131. \u00d6zellikle son g\u00fcne kadar devam eden Hindistan\u2019\u0131n tepkisi anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamayaca\u011f\u0131 ihtimalini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyordu. Bu nedenledir ki, ev sahibi \u00fclke Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono bizzat Hindistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Manmohan Singh\u2019i arayarak anla\u015fma kosunuda \u0131srarc\u0131 oldu. Bir anlamda DT\u00d6 toplant\u0131s\u0131nda anla\u015fma bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Kaderin bir cilvesi olsa gerek, bu anla\u015fma, \u0130ki kutuplu d\u00fcnya sistemi yani So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda iki sisteme de kafa tutabilme emaresi g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve bu anlamda Bandung\u2019da \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n alternatif s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne soyunmu\u015f Endonezya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Hindistan Anla\u015fma\u2019ya \u2018evet\u2019 derken, kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de kabul ettirmi\u015f oldu. Neydi Hindistan\u2019\u0131n talebi? Y\u00fcz milyonlarca yoksul kitleyi besleyecek ve \u00fclkenin sadece sosyal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, politik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da garanti alt\u0131na alacak \u015fekilde tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde s\u00fcbvansiyona devam edilmesiydi. Hindistanl\u0131 yetkililer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, \u00fclkelerinin \u2018tar\u0131m s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u2019 \u015fart\u0131ndan azade edilmesini istediler ve bunu da kabul ettirdiler. Bu \u2018imtiyaz\u2019 sadece Hindistan\u2019la s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Aksine t\u00fcm geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131n \u201cge\u00e7ici s\u00fcre\u201d devam edilmesi G\u00fcney\u2019in \u015fimdilik bir yandan kazan\u0131m\u0131 gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcrken \u00f6te yandan DT\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne ta\u015f koymak anlam\u0131na da yorumlanabilir.<\/p>\n

Genel Sekreter Azevedo\u2019nun vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 bu konuda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da hen\u00fcz anla\u015fma ba\u011flam\u0131nda her\u015feyin kesinle\u015fmedi\u011fini de ortaya koyuyor. Bu ne anlama geliyor? DT\u00d6, iddias\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mi\u015f de\u011fil… K\u00fcresel sistemi rahatlatma ad\u0131na ge\u00e7ici verilen bir imtiyaz\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettirme noktas\u0131nda yak\u0131n gelecekte ciddi \u00e7abalar ortaya konacak. Bu anlamda, DT\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn \u201cTicareti Kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d s\u00fcrecinin bitti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n

DT\u00d6 d\u00fcnya ticaretini ilgilendiren bir kurum ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlarla bu ticarete y\u00f6n veriyor. Ancak k\u00fcresel ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131nda bug\u00fcne kadar izlendi\u011fi \u00fczere sadece zenginler aras\u0131nda ticaret konu\u015fulmuyor. Bunu en iyi Hindistan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yla g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olduk… Aksine, bu ticareti y\u00f6netecek kurallar\u0131n her bir \u00fclkenin \u00f6zellikle de, G\u00fcney\u2019deki fakir kitleleri ne y\u00f6nde etkileyece\u011fi \u00fczerinde duruluyor. Bu ba\u011flamda, T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkelerin gerek devlet ve gerekse \u00f6zel kesim de -diyelim ki STK\u2019lar boyutunda bu konuya ne denli e\u011fildiklerini de tart\u0131\u015fmak gerekiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc son d\u00f6nemdeki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla devletin kimi organlar\u0131 d\u00fcne kadar \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kimi STK\u2019lar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen \u2018yard\u0131m i\u015finde\u2019 kayda de\u011fer ad\u0131mlar atarken, bunun sadece \u2018fakirin karn\u0131n\u0131\u2019 doyurma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u2018Kar\u0131n doyurma\u2019 olgusu tastamam bir d\u00fcnya sistemine m\u00fcdahale anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor mu diye sormak gerekir. Bak\u0131n buna en son \u00f6rnek, Bengalde\u015f\u2019te neredeyse \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc bu i\u015fe vermi\u015f Prof. Muhammed Yunus\u2019un \u2018mikro kredi\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya kapitalistlerinin egemenli\u011fine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131… Akabinde daha ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda da Bengalde\u015f H\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u2018Gramen Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 devletle\u015ftirme karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Prof. Yunus\u2019un bu karara verdi\u011fi \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmet, mikro finans sistemini ortadan kald\u0131rmak anlam\u0131n geliyor\u201d tarz\u0131ndaki tepkisinde neler olup bitti\u011fini \u00e7ok net ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor \u00a0sadece \u2018cepten\u2019 yeme olarak de\u011ferlendirlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek yanl\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

Herhalde bu noktada s\u00f6ylenmesi gereken \u201cBiz ticaret yapal\u0131m. K\u00e2r\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle yoksula bakal\u0131mdan ziyade, yoksulu kendi inisiyatifiyle \u2018adaletli\u2019 bir \u00fcretim-t\u00fcketim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine nas\u0131l y\u00f6nlendirebiliriz\u201d olmal\u0131. Bu noktada, gerek b\u00f6lgesel gerekse k\u00fcresel ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131na imza atmadan \u00f6nce devlet ve de \u00f6zel kesim ki bundan kast\u0131m\u0131z STK\u2019lard\u0131r, kayda de\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 sergileyecek donan\u0131mda olmalar\u0131 gerekir. Bug\u00fcne kadar oldular m\u0131? Olmad\u0131larsa bundan sonras\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7… Bir \u00f6rnek verelim… Oxfam, DT\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn son anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u2018katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131\u2019 yap\u0131yor… Kuvvetle muhtemel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler \u00f6ncesinde de ilgili \u00fclkeler nezdinde lobi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bulundu… Oxfam\u2019dan \u00f6nce bunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek \u00e7ok daha sa\u011flam arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011funu unutmamak laz\u0131m…<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-endonezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}