{"id":1010,"date":"2011-12-18T10:05:00","date_gmt":"2011-12-18T10:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/ini\/?p=405"},"modified":"2011-12-18T10:05:00","modified_gmt":"2011-12-18T10:05:00","slug":"vietnam-bir-baks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/vietnam-bir-baks\/","title":{"rendered":"Vietnam'a bir bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Mehmet \u00d6zay \u2013Malezya<\/div>\n
21.02.2011<\/div>\n
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Vietnam, T\u00fcrk kamuoyunda ABD’nin So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir anlamda ‘so\u011fuk du\u015f’ almas\u0131na neden olan sava\u015fla girdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. En son geli\u015fme ise, ne kadar takip edildi\u011fi \u015f\u00fcpheli de olsa, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Ahmet Davuto\u011flu’nun ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 23 Temmuz’da ba\u015fkent Hanoi’de yap\u0131lan ASEAN toplant\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu.<\/div>\n
G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’n\u0131n sosyalist y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7iminin benimsendi\u011fi Vietnam, liberal ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 ve \u00c7in’den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destek ile \u00f6zellikle son on y\u0131l i\u00e7erisindeki ekonomik kalk\u0131nma ile birlikte \u00f6nemli sosyal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclke g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00fclkelerinin ekonomik geli\u015fim trendinde \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan , son on y\u0131l\u0131 ortalama %7’lik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ile kapatan ve 90 milyona yakla\u015fan n\u00fcfusuyla Vietnam geli\u015fme sanc\u0131lar\u0131ndan ar\u00ee de\u011fil. Be\u015f y\u0131lda bir yap\u0131lan ve sonuncusu ge\u00e7enlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kom\u00fcnist parti politb\u00fcro toplant\u0131s\u0131, \u00fclkenin bug\u00fcne kadarki rotas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti ediyor.<\/div>\n
Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcsc\u00fc de\u011ferler silsilesinin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalan Vietnam, zengin \u00e7eltik tarlalar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kendine yeter bir co\u011frafyay\u0131 temsil ederken, tarihsel olarak \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi ile uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dayanan ili\u015fkilere sahip. Do\u011fu Hindistan ve G\u00fcney \u00c7in’in k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkisi alt\u0131nda kalan ve bu ba\u011flamda Indo-\u00c7in olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan co\u011frafyadaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile daha \u00e7ok sosyo-dini gelenekleri \u00c7in k\u00f6kenli olmas\u0131 ile dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. ABD’nin d\u00fcnya hakimiyeti \u00f6ncesinde, yani emperyal Avrupa olgusunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde \u0130ngilizlerden ve Hollandal\u0131lardan geri kalan, bir anlamda \u00c7in ile Malay topraklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki “tampon” b\u00f6lge olan Vietnam Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Vietnam’\u0131n, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya tarihindeki modern yerini almas\u0131 ise kuzey ve g\u00fcneyin birle\u015fmesi sonunda oldu.<\/div>\n
1980’li y\u0131llarda ba\u015flayan ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n akt\u00f6rlerinden biri Vietnam halk\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan olarak bilinen Vietnam halk\u0131, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda gerek Kuzey-G\u00fcney Sava\u015f\u0131 gerekse Kambo\u00e7ya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve iki d\u00f6nem ya\u015fanan k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan “kendine gelmesini” bir anlamda ba\u015fard\u0131. Y\u00f6netim, sosyalist temelli piyasa ekonomisi ile d\u0131\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fclkeye \u00e7ekerken, tar\u0131m ve \u00f6zellikle end\u00fcstri sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 ile b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda s\u00f6z sahibi oldu. Ge\u00e7en on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen istikrarl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma \u00fclkenin “Asya kaplanlar\u0131” aras\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya aday oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. Elbette bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler siyasi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 getirmese de, neo-liberal ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlardan bir anlamda eklektik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n sonucu olarak de\u011fi\u015fime konu oluyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir zamanlar sosyalist devletin “toprak a\u011falar\u0131ndan” al\u0131p k\u00f6yl\u00fclere da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tar\u0131m arazileri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn end\u00fcstri temelli ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n bir gere\u011fi olarak, gene ayn\u0131 devlet eliyle bu sefer end\u00fcstriyel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara tahsis ediliyor. Sosyalist ideolojinin vazge\u00e7ilmez ilkesi olan e\u015fitlik ise “rahmet okutacak” d\u00fczeyde. Devlet eliyle y\u00f6n verilen kapitalistle\u015fme, milli gelirde art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7arken -ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 milli gelir 1200 US Dolar civar\u0131ndad\u0131r-, zengin fakir aras\u0131ndaki fark “u\u00e7urum” kelimesini hak edecek boyutlara var\u0131yor. Devlet te\u015fekk\u00fcllerinin k\u00fcresel rekabet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki “dayan\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na” \u00e7are olarak \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fc destekleyen, bu anlamda neo-liberal piyasa ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen sosyalist devlet, i\u015f demokrasiye geldi\u011finde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgilerini “kal\u0131nca” \u00e7ekmekten geri kalm\u0131yor. Bu anlamda \u00fclke muhalefetine g\u00f6z a\u00e7t\u0131rmama konusunda, ba\u015fta medya olmak \u00fczere eldeki t\u00fcm imk\u00e2nlar seferber ediliyor. Kom\u00fcnist Parti \u00f6nde gelenlerinden biri, \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin Vietnam’da \u00e7ok partili demokrasiye ge\u00e7ilmesi taleplerine verdi\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ise olduk\u00e7a manidar. \u00dclkede 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ilk se\u00e7imlerin \u00e7ok partili kat\u0131l\u0131mla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n post-war d\u00f6neminde yeniden i\u015fgal niyetiyle Vietnam’\u0131 i\u015fgale geldi\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan tek grubun kom\u00fcnist partisi oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Bu arg\u00fcman ba\u011flam\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanak te\u015fkil ettirildi\u011fi a\u015fik\u00e2r.<\/div>\n
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00fclkenin ekonomik kalk\u0131nma s\u00fcrecine e\u015flik etmesi beklenen sivil \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler konusunun \u00e7ok partili demokrasi yerine, mevcut tek partinin nas\u0131l olur da biraz daha “demokratikle\u015ftirilebilirli\u011fine” terk edilmi\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Bunun arac\u0131 ise, kom\u00fcnist parti kadrolar\u0131na “s\u0131zma” olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek yeni y\u00fckselen i\u015f adamlar\u0131 kesimi. Ortado\u011fu temelli “halk ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131n” dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilen alternatif ileti\u015fim kanallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya siyasi literat\u00fcr\u00fcne girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’da Vietnam gibi h\u00e2l\u00e2 etkisinin hissedildi\u011fi bask\u0131 rejimlerinin nas\u0131l bir “titre\u015fim” ge\u00e7irece\u011fini zamanla g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te kimi g\u00f6zlemciler \u00fclkede de\u011fi\u015fimi sa\u011flayacak ana fakt\u00f6rlerden birinin, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemine dayanan mevcut y\u00f6netim kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n yerini, bat\u0131l\u0131 e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme a\u00e7\u0131k neslinin almas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yorlar. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ortaya atmakta haks\u0131z da say\u0131lmazlar. D\u00fcnya genelinde daha s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemlerinden ba\u015flayarak i\u015fin “e\u011fitim aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n” \u00f6nemini kavram\u0131\u015f olan Bat\u0131l\u0131 siyasi elitler, yeni kadrolar\u0131 “raya oturtmakta” mahir olduklar\u0131n\u0131 pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede kan\u0131tlad\u0131lar ve kan\u0131tlamaya devam ediyorlar.<\/div>\n
Siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00c7in’e yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile di\u011fer G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00fclkelerinden ayr\u0131lan Vietnam’\u0131n ekonomik boyutta da \u00c7in’le do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor. Kimileri bu ili\u015fkiden rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duysa da co\u011frafi konum ve tarihi ger\u00e7eklik s\u00f6z konusu bu ili\u015fkisi bir anlamda zorunlu ve hatta alternatifsiz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bu ili\u015fkinden farkl\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ise kimi uzmanlarca ancak “\u00fctopya” olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00d6yle ki, \u00f6zellikle son d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in’in ABD’ye ‘kafa tutan’ ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n cazibesi Hindistan ve Endonezya gibi Asya’n\u0131n \u00f6nemli ekonomilerini ile etkisi alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015fken, Vietnam gibi yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00fclkenin bu etkile\u015fimden uzak durmas\u0131 bir anlamda i\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131. Bunun pratikteki yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 ise, tarihin erken d\u00f6nemlerinden ba\u015flayarak, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde Bat\u0131l\u0131larca devam ettirilen ve modern d\u00f6nemde kalk\u0131nma merkezli “devlet operasyonunun” \u00f6nemli icra b\u00f6lgesi olan G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi’ne a\u00e7\u0131lan sahil \u015feridindeki geli\u015fmeler olu\u015fturuyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Vietnam’daki d\u0131\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6zde merkezi olan s\u00f6z konusu sahil \u015feridinde yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n y\u00fczde seksini de \u00c7in k\u00f6kenli \u015firketlere ait. Vietnam’\u0131n bir anlamda \u00c7in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc “maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131” bu ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k, \u00fclkenin ekonomik gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in bir avantaj olarak da okunabilir. Yani, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisine sahip bir \u00fclkenin yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda olmak biraz da l\u00fcks gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/div>\n
Bu yaz\u0131da Vietnam’da ya\u015fayan az\u0131nl\u0131kta olsa \u00fcmmet i\u00e7in \u00f6nem arz eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara de\u011finme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulamad\u0131k. Ancak bu konuyu hasseten \u00f6zel bir yaz\u0131ya konu edece\u011fimizi belirtelim.<\/div>\n

http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/?aType=yazarHaber&ArticleID=15635<\/b><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u2013Malezya 21.02.2011 Vietnam, T\u00fcrk kamuoyunda ABD’nin So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir anlamda ‘so\u011fuk du\u015f’ almas\u0131na neden olan sava\u015fla girdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. En son geli\u015fme ise, ne kadar takip edildi\u011fi \u015f\u00fcpheli de olsa, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Ahmet Davuto\u011flu’nun ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 23 Temmuz’da ba\u015fkent Hanoi’de yap\u0131lan ASEAN toplant\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’n\u0131n sosyalist y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7iminin benimsendi\u011fi […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vietnam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1010"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1010\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/indonesia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}