{"id":6667,"date":"2026-08-30T16:12:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T16:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=6667"},"modified":"2026-08-30T16:13:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T16:13:06","slug":"6667-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/6667-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k: ulus-devlet ve ulusla\u015famamak (III) \/ Independence: the nation-state and the inability to be a nation (III)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 30.08.2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ulus-devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlara ne kazand\u0131r\u0131p ne kaybettirdi\u011fi meselesi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6nem, s\u00f6z konusu toplumlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 ulus-devletlerin, -\u00f6nceki s\u00fcre\u00e7ler bir yana-, t\u00fcm 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na de\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nan gerilemenin, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirmenin, problemlerin ne denli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturuldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Son iki yaz\u0131da dile getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m hususlara devam mahiyetinde olarak bu yaz\u0131da da, \u00f6ncelikle i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z co\u011frafyada yer alan \u00fclkelerin, bu ay i\u00e7erisinde yenilenen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k kutlamalar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere genel itibar\u0131yla, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlar\u0131n ulus-devletle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ve bu anlamda, \u00e7ok\u00e7a sorunlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda baz\u0131 hususlara de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ulus-devlet kavram\u0131n\u0131 merkeze ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu yaz\u0131larda, dikkat edildi\u011fi \u00fczere, ilgili ulus-devletlerde, ne t\u00fcr siyasal ideolojilerin ve rejimlerin y\u00f6netime hakim oldu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015fmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nihayetinde teokrasiden, prosed\u00fcrel demokrasiye kadar uzanan farkl\u0131 siyasal rejimlerin var oldu\u011fu ulus-devletlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belki, olumlu bir g\u00f6zle bakarak, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm geli\u015ftirme noktas\u0131nda, alternatifli yap\u0131lar olarak kabul etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00f6ylece, belki bunlar aras\u0131nda yani, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlar\u0131n 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 ulus-devletlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya \u00e7o\u011funda&nbsp; ya da hemen hepsinde temel yap\u0131sal bozukluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rken, bunlardan az\u0131nl\u0131k kabul edilebilecek bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya sadece birinde, ulus-devlet olgusunun tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi temsilinin ba\u015far\u0131yla ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcp yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda b\u00f6yle bir yap\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayr\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve tart\u0131\u015fmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak, -bir ipucu olarak-, kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m yaz\u0131larda, gizli a\u00e7\u0131k ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m hususun, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za pek de olumlu bir tablo \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00dc\u00e7 temel ger\u00e7eklik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nihayetinde, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyetinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011fu toplumlarla ilgili, -tarihsel ve retorik olarak-, \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 temel ger\u00e7eklikle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bunlardan ilki, \u201chi\u00e7 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmedikleriyle\u201d -hakl\u0131 olarak- \u00f6v\u00fcnenler; ikincisi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcrecine konu olup da, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7leri vatan topraklar\u0131ndan -me\u015fru g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak- nas\u0131l kovduklar\u0131yla gurur duyanlar; ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda uzun d\u00f6nemli s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fe konu olsalar da, nihayetinde, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7le \u2018masa ba\u015f\u0131nda\u2019 anla\u015farak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrenler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her \u00fc\u00e7 durumda da, gelinen nokta bize, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ithal edilen bir siyasi yap\u0131n\u0131n yani, ulus-devlet olgusunun bir siyasi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak benimsendi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prensip olarak bunda bir sorun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak, bu \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcrecin ard\u0131ndan, kurulan ulus-devletlerin ne halde oldu\u011fu sorusuna ise, ulus-devlet nosyonunun bizatihi kendisinden ba\u015flayarak siyasi, ekonomik, b\u00fcrokratik yap\u0131lardan k\u00fclt\u00fcr, norm ve davran\u0131\u015flara de\u011fin uzat\u0131labilecek t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131 incelemek ve analiz etmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0130ki temel husus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buradan hareketle, iki temel hususa k\u0131saca a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk yaz\u0131da dile getirdi\u011fim \u00fczere, teorisi ve prati\u011fiyle ulus-devlet olgusu, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlar\u0131n, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ilgili d\u00f6nemlerde onlar\u0131 y\u00f6neten siyasi yap\u0131n\u0131n veya yap\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu durum, bilerek, kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve niyetli olarak veya ko\u015fullar\u0131n zorlamas\u0131 sonucu d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ithal edilen bir siyasi yap\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulundu\u011fumuza i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu s\u00fcrecin kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve niyetli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, ilgili toplumlar\u0131n siyasi ve toplum liderlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitli karar mekanizmalar\u0131yla \u2018ulus-devlet\u2019 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015f olmalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En az\u0131ndan, kat\u0131 bir ger\u00e7eklik olarak b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funa tan\u0131k oluyoruz&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130kincisi ise, \u00e7ok\u00e7a Bat\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devletlerin y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda varl\u0131k s\u00fcrmek zorunda kalan, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlar\u0131n, ilgili s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 &nbsp;sora erdirmek ve kendilerine, yeni ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr siyasal yap\u0131 ve \u00e7at\u0131 kurmakla ilgili s\u00fcre\u00e7lere g\u00f6nderme yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00fcrecin bu \u015fekilde geli\u015fti\u011fini varsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, -ki ortada ba\u015fka bir alternatif g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor-, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ulus-devletlerde sorunlar\u0131n bizatihi, bu toplumun kendisiyle ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu sonucuna varmak, olduk\u00e7a mant\u0131ksal bir duruma i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Di\u011fer iki yaz\u0131da gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k ve di\u011fer ilintili yaz\u0131larda dile getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m husus, ortada art\u0131k kendisine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir yap\u0131 yani, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, ay\u0131planacak, su\u00e7lanacak, sorumlu tutulacak bir siyasi y\u00f6netim bulunmuyor demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu durumda, akla ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak di\u011fer baz\u0131 sorular gelmiyor de\u011fil&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sorun nerede?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00f6z konusu bu ulus-devletlerde, uzun d\u00f6nemli olarak ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n yap\u0131sal olarak ulus-devlet\u2019te mi oldu\u011fu yoksa, bu ulus-devleti in\u015fa etme g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenen liderlerin, kadrolar\u0131n, siyasi partilerin, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ve devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ulus-devleti y\u00f6netebilme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde kas\u0131tl\u0131 veya kas\u0131ts\u0131z ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olduklar\u0131yla m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yoksa sorunlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 ve devam ettiricisi olarak siyasi liderlerin, siyasi kurumlar\u0131n de\u011filde, ger\u00e7ekte, bu siyasi yap\u0131da \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olan bizatihi, \u2018ulus\u2019un yani, toplumun bu kavram, i\u00e7erik ve yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na dair bilgi eksikli\u011finden ba\u015flayarak, do\u011fru tutum ve davran\u0131\u015f geli\u015ftirememesiyle mi ili\u015fkilidir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu seri yaz\u0131da dile getirmek istedi\u011fim olgulardan biri, yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en ikinci husustur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yani sorunun, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde ad\u0131na siyasi elitler denilen ve bu siyasi elitlerin kendilerine bi\u00e7tikleri rollerle ulus-devleti yap\u0131land\u0131rma veya yap\u0131land\u0131ramama gibi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131n, ulus-devlet organizmas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131k nedeni olan bizatihi, ulus\u2019un yani, toplumun bizatihi kendisinin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ne yap\u0131p, ne yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, s\u00fcrece ne t\u00fcrden m\u00fcdahale edip etmedi\u011fiyle yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 30.08.2026 Ulus-devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlara ne kazand\u0131r\u0131p ne kaybettirdi\u011fi meselesi \u00f6nemlidir. Bu \u00f6nem, s\u00f6z konusu toplumlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 ulus-devletlerin, -\u00f6nceki s\u00fcre\u00e7ler bir yana-, t\u00fcm 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na de\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nan gerilemenin, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirmenin, problemlerin ne denli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturuldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6668,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[88,97,92],"class_list":["post-6667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar","tag-independence","tag-nation","tag-nation-state"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6667"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6667\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6668"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}