{"id":6540,"date":"2026-07-06T14:28:09","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T14:28:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=6540"},"modified":"2026-07-06T14:29:25","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T14:29:25","slug":"sosyal-devrimler-baglaminda-endonezya-indonesia-in-the-context-of-social-revolutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/sosyal-devrimler-baglaminda-endonezya-indonesia-in-the-context-of-social-revolutions\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Sosyal Devrimler\u2019 ba\u011flam\u0131nda Endonezya \/ Indonesia in the context of \u2018social revolutions\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 06.07.2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n, kompleks ve karma\u015f\u0131k modern siyasal tarihinde \u2018devrim\u2019 vurgusu dikkat \u00e7ekici bir olgudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6yle ki, devrim olgusunun birden fazla ba\u011flamda ve b\u00f6lgede ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, merkez-\u00e7evre ili\u015fkisinin, \u00fclke ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha ilk birka\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, ne denli belirleyici bir arg\u00fcman oldu\u011funu bize g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Fiziki devrim<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu ba\u011flamda, \u2018devrim\u2019lerden hangisinin, kime ve nas\u0131l hizmet etti\u011fi konusu siyasal \u00e7evrelerde tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ulus-devletin \u2018hegemonik\u2019 belirleyici vasf\u0131n\u0131n temeli ve de g\u00f6stergesi olarak, &nbsp;\u2018devrim\u2019 olgusu ve s\u00f6ylemi resmi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za, \u20181945-1949 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Hollanda krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yeniden s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemini in\u015fa etme s\u00fcrecine do\u011frudan m\u00fccadeleyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k veren \u2018milliyet\u00e7i\u2019 \u00e7evrelerin bu d\u00f6nemi \u2018fiziki devrim\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rmalar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00f6z konusu bu \u2018fiziki devrim\u2019, temelde Avrupa\u2019daki 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda &nbsp;siyasal egemenlik ve me\u015fruiyetini \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye bor\u00e7lu olan Hollanda ve zorunlu olarak ona eklemlenen \u0130ngiliz ve Amerikan ordular\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fgalci varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, gerilla m\u00fccadelesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcrece tekab\u00fcl eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bununla birlikte, resmi tarih i\u00e7erisinde ne kadar yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olan ve \u00e7ok\u00e7a \u2018yerel\u2019 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan di\u011fer devrimsel geli\u015fmeleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmek ise m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ulus-devlet in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n hem, geni\u015f Tak\u0131madalar halklar\u0131nca ve hem de, uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerce kabul\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc olan \u2018fiziki devrim\u2019in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra veya \u00f6tesinde, yerel\/b\u00f6lgesel \u00f6zellikleriyle dikkat \u00e7eken devrimler, \u2018sosyal devrim\u2019 olarak an\u0131l\u0131r ve adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u2018Sosyal devrim\/ler\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00f6z konusu bu devrimlerin bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini temelde, -\u00f6nceki s\u00fcre\u00e7ler bir yana b\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa, en az\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k il\u00e2n\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 ay sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u2018sosyal devrim\u2019ler ile \u00f6rne\u011fin 1948, 1953 gibi, devam eden d\u00f6nemlerde, bu devrimlere benzer \u00e7abalar\u0131 ortaya koyma siyasal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel arzusu ve iste\u011fi, -\u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde-, bug\u00fcn dahi alternatif siyasal s\u00f6ylemlerde \u00f6nemini korur ve tekrar edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Endonezya\u2019da ilk ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k il\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u201csosyal devrim\u201din ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk defa, A\u00e7e\u2019de duymu\u015f ve okumu\u015ftum. A\u00e7e tarihsel ve toplumsal ba\u011flam\u0131nda bu \u2018devrim\u2019in, neye tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fini tahmin etmek g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak, Cumbok Sava\u015f\u0131 (<em>Perang Cumbok<\/em>) ad\u0131yla literat\u00fcre ge\u00e7en ve baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6zellikle de, Kuzey A\u00e7e\u2019deki yerel toplumsal-siyasal liderleri hedef alan bu \u2018sosyal devrim\u2019in, A\u00e7e s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131na konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olmam, \u00f6tekileri gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etti\u011fim anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini bug\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a fark ediyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bununla birlikte, bir s\u00fcre sonra geleneksel \u0130slam sultanl\u0131klar\u0131 olarak bilinen siyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131n liderlerini hedef alan benzer bir siyasal olgunun yani, \u2018sosyal devrim\u2019in, Kuzey Sumatra\u2019da da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu okumam ve duymamla birlikte, \u201cAcaba bu devrimlerin i\u00e7eri\u011fi nedir, neye tekab\u00fcl ediyor, birbirinden farkl\u0131la\u015fan y\u00f6nleri nelerdir?\u201d vb. sorular do\u011fal olarak g\u00fcndemimde yer almaya ba\u015fl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u00e7e\u2019de, sosyal devrim\u2019in akt\u00f6rleri denilebilecek \u00e7evreler ve kurban\u0131 olan \u00e7evrelerle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze geldi\u011fim, bu \u00e7evreleri konu alan eserleri okumama ra\u011fmen, Kuzey Sumatra\u2019daki geli\u015fmeye uzunca bir s\u00fcre yabanc\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeliyim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yakla\u015f\u0131k, son be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m Muhammed Said (v. 1995), Tengku Luckman Sinar (v. 2011) ve bunlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hem, bu isimlere yak\u0131n hem de, uzak di\u011fer bireyler ba\u011flam\u0131nda, Kuzey Sumatra entellekt\u00fcelleri ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m vesilesiyle giderek daha \u00e7ok, bu b\u00f6lgeyi etkisi alt\u0131na alan \u2018sosyal devrim\u2019i, akt\u00f6rlerini ve giderek daha \u00e7ok eserleri ele alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 buluyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bug\u00fcnden, kendi bireysel tarihimde son yirmi y\u0131l\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, Kuzey Sumatra\u2019da halen etkisi \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde hissedilen, anlat\u0131lara konu olan, gazetede k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nan bu siyasal ve toplumsal olgunun hem, kurban\u0131 ve hem de, bu s\u00fcrecin -\u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde- ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131, yeniden in\u015fa etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kendinde bulan birka\u00e7 akt\u00f6r\u00fc hayatlar\u0131ndayken g\u00f6rebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131na ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 fark ediyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6ncesinde d\u00fcnyaya gelen ve 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat eden Tengku Luckman Sinar\u2019\u0131, Muhammad Tok Wan Haria\u2019y\u0131 2005, 2008 ve 2009 Kuzey Sumatra Eyaleti ba\u015fkenti Medan\u2019a ziyaretlerimde potansiyel olarak g\u00f6rebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131m bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oysa, Sinar\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen <em>Seri Sejarah Serdang<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Banda A\u00e7e\u2019de, Ali Ha\u015fimi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olmama ra\u011fmen, kendisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi akl\u0131ma gelmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O d\u00f6nem, Sinar\u2019\u0131 sadece bir yazar olarak kabul edip, Serdang tarihiyle ilgili kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu eseri, A\u00e7e tarihi ba\u011flam\u0131na dair i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle ele alma s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hareket etmi\u015fim!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi \u00f6ncesinde erken gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131nda dahil oldu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketi ve ard\u0131ndan gazetecilik s\u00fcreciyle Muhammad Tok Wan Haria\u2019la 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015f olmakla birlikte, ilerlemi\u015f ya\u015f\u0131 ve konu\u015fma yetisini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kaybetmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle sohbet etmek imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve ard\u0131ndan, Tok Wan Haria da, 2025 y\u0131l\u0131 Ocak ay\u0131nda vefat etmi\u015fti&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kendini in\u015fa: <em>bildung<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba\u015fta Tengku Luckan Sinar olmak \u00fczere, geleneksel saray \u00e7evresine mensup ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, entellekt\u00fcel kimlikleri ile Kuzey Sumatra ve Endonezya tarihine \u00f6nemli veriler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 benzeri ki\u015filerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fememi\u015f olmam\u0131, bug\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir kay\u0131p olarak de\u011ferlendiriyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu kay\u0131p, d\u00f6nemi bizzat ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6nemle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir akademik destek ve zorunluluk olmadan kendi \u00e7abalar\u0131yla ortaya koymu\u015f ve bu anlamda, Alman entellekt\u00fcel evreninde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutan \u2018<em>bildung<\/em>\u2019 kavram\u0131yla tan\u0131mlanmay\u0131 hak eden bireylerin, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak bana s\u00f6yleyecekleri hususlar\u0131n otantikli\u011fi, sahicili\u011fi, kendili\u011findenli\u011finin \u00f6nemini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her ne kadar, bu isimlerin kaleme ald\u0131klar\u0131 eserler, ilgili gazetelerdeki k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131lar\u0131 bana, bilmeyi arzu etti\u011fim hususlar\u0131 aktarma konusunda arac\u0131 olsalar da, y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelmenin, tarihsel ki\u015filiklerin psikolojisini hissetmenin, s\u00f6ylem g\u00fc\u00e7lerine tan\u0131k olman\u0131n kendi ba\u015f\u0131na anlam\u0131 oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Luckman Sinar \u00f6zelinden bahsedecek olursam, \u2018sosyal devrim\u2019in do\u011frudan hedefi olmu\u015f bir aileye mensubiyeti onu, yukar\u0131da zikretti\u011fin di\u011fer iki isimden ve benzerlerinden ay\u0131rt etmemize yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve hatta, bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n bir zorunluluk olarak ortaya konmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini iddia ediyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sinar\u2019\u0131n mensubu oldu\u011fu ailenin yani, Serdang Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1946 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n hemen ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki siyasal geli\u015fmelerin \u2018y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131\u2019 veya devrimci\u2019 boyutundan kurtulmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, geleneksel ve siyasal varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun i\u00e7erdi\u011fi kurumsal ve maddi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmeleri, devrim\u2019in etkisinin ne denli \u00f6nemli ve de kal\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Kuzey Sumatra\u2019daki \u00f6rne\u011fin, Langkat, Deli, Asahan gibi di\u011fer sultanl\u0131k ailelerinin ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, \u2018y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131\u2019 ve \u2018devrimci\u2019 unsurlara do\u011frudan tan\u0131k olmalar\u0131, bize b\u00f6lgenin b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Kuzey Sumatra\u2019da belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeniden var olabilme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fan, tart\u0131\u015fan ve bu imk\u00e2n\u0131n kurumsal yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyma modeli \u00fcretme u\u011fra\u015f\u0131ndaki, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte b\u00f6lgede kayda de\u011fer rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilecek bu geleneksel y\u00f6netim \u00e7evrelerinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc fertlerinin \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n, resmi tarihin s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6nderme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve me\u015fruiyetinin temeli olarak ortaya koydu\u011fu tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ne t\u00fcr katk\u0131s\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde durup d\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeye de\u011fer bir konudur.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>personal library <\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,6,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endonezya","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6540"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6540\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}