{"id":5290,"date":"2024-06-23T09:28:36","date_gmt":"2024-06-23T09:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5290"},"modified":"2024-06-23T09:28:37","modified_gmt":"2024-06-23T09:28:37","slug":"osmanli-devletinde-reform-sureci-ve-kacinilmaz-basarisizliklar-the-reform-process-in-the-ottoman-state-and-inevitable-unsuccessfulness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/osmanli-devletinde-reform-sureci-ve-kacinilmaz-basarisizliklar-the-reform-process-in-the-ottoman-state-and-inevitable-unsuccessfulness\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde reform s\u00fcreci ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar \/ The reform process in the Ottoman State and inevitable unsuccessfulness"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay 16.07.2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde reform s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin sadece, bu devlete \u00f6zg\u00fc niteliklerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f, aksine, d\u00fcnya tarihinin \u00e7e\u015fitli evrelerinde farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardaki devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere reform, bir gereklilik olarak kendini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin bir yan\u0131nda, -geleneksel devlet yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131nda ordunun ve\/ya ordu i\u00e7erisindeki g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda edindikleri yer nedeniyle baz\u0131 ordu birimleri yer al\u0131rken \u00f6teki yan\u0131nda, b\u00fcrokrasinin \u00e7ekip \u00e7evrilmesi ile t\u00fcm sosyal sistemi nizama getirecek e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir yeri ve \u00f6nemi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da toplumsal ve siyasal d\u00fczenin rasyonalitesini yitirmesindeki amillerden ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 olarak, ordunun ve sivil b\u00fcrokrasinin nizam ve intizam\u0131 meselesi, devleti kayda de\u011fer \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde me\u015fgul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordu kurumu, var olan karakretistik niteli\u011fiyle \u2018askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u2019 tesisi ve devam\u0131n\u0131 kendinde bir \u00e7\u0131kara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesiyle disiplinsizli\u011fin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, sivil b\u00fcrokrasi olu\u015fan devlet nizam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde refah\u0131n geli\u015fmesi kurulu d\u00fczenin gev\u015fekle\u015fmesiyle birlikte, benzeri bir kendinde \u00e7\u0131kar unsuru olarak bir evrim ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu evrimin en \u00f6nemli a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131, ad\u0131na meritokrasi (meritocracy<\/em>) denilen veya \u0130slami terminolojiden istifadeyle \u2018hak\u2019 ve \u2018adalet\u2019 olgular\u0131yla hareket etmek yerine, kendinden olan\u0131 koruyup kollama yani, sosyolojik kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmayla patron-m\u00fc\u015fteri (patron-client<\/em>) ili\u015fkisiyle belirlenen \u00e7\u0131karlar silsilesinin yerle\u015fmesi te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131da k\u0131saca, s\u00f6z konusu bu iki temel kurumdan askeri boyutunda ve \u2018Yeni\u00e7eriler\u2019 \u00f6zelinde durarak, de\u011fi\u015fim veya evrim \u00e7abalar\u0131na de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u011fi\u015fimin somut nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti de, bu s\u00fcreci genel itibar\u0131yla veya kurumsal yap\u0131la\u015fma ba\u011flam\u0131nda, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda bizatihi, siyasal g\u00fcce sahip y\u00f6neticiler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme yoluna gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u00fcreci tetikleyen unsurlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, rasyonalitesini yitirmi\u015f devlet kurumlar\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6kmeye y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f yap\u0131lar ile Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u2018de\u011fi\u015fme ve geli\u015fme\u2019 konusunda do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 bask\u0131s\u0131 rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n temelinde ise, bir zihinsel dura\u011fanl\u0131k meselesi oldu\u011funa ise ku\u015fku bulunmuyor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6yle ki, Avrupa\u2019da el\u00e7i olarak bulunan eski b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n veya \u2018yeni diplomatlar\u0131n\u2019 g\u00f6zlemleri ile 1780\u2019lerden itibaren, Avrupa gazetelerini \u2018yak\u0131ndan takip etmeye ba\u015flayan \u2018Pay-i taht\u2019\u0131n, uzun y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015fmeme konusunda bir direni\u015f ortaya koymas\u0131 beklenemezdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kald\u0131 ki, buna en ba\u015fta Bat\u0131 Avrupa devletleri izin vermemeye karar vermi\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyorlar!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kopu\u015f ve s\u00fcreklilik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde, 3. Selim\u2019le ba\u015flayan ve 2. Mahmud\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclen yenile\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, d\u00f6neme nizam-\u0131 cedid<\/em>\/Yeni D\u00fczen (New Order<\/em>) ad\u0131 verilmesiyle, \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemden ayr\u0131lan bir boyuta sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nceki d\u00f6nem, yani gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k Kanun-i Kadim<\/em> yani, \u2018eski d\u00fczen\u2019 d\u00f6nemi…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oysa, Yeni D\u00fczen\u2019in ilerleyen safhalar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle de, kurumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin habercisi olan, Tanzimat (1839) ve Islahat (1856) gibi iki hatt\u2019\u0131n il\u00e2n\u0131 ve uygulanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde bir referans olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za, Kanun-i Kadim yani, eski d\u00fczene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 ve davetleri \u00e7\u0131kar…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda \u2018eski d\u00fczen\u2019, kimilerinin zannetti\u011fi anlamda \u2018gericilik\u2019 de\u011fildir…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksine, ideali temsil eden d\u00f6nemdir ve o d\u00f6nemin ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ancak, o d\u00f6nem kurumsal yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ihyas\u0131yla olaca\u011f\u0131na dair g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kanaattir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flam\u0131, sosyolojik bir tutum olarak idealle\u015ftirmemek gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu anlamda, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te kendini, \u2018kanun-i kadim\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 hisseden ve bu s\u00fcreci g\u00fcndeme getirenlerin his ve niyetlerinin samimili\u011fi meselesi bu \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n kendileriyle menkuldur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, sosyolojik olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu s\u00fcrecin manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu bu \u00e7evreler aras\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin de\u011fi\u015fme ve de\u011fi\u015fmeme dikotomisinde kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar samimiyetsizli\u011fi de i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mesel\u00e2, Halet Efendi\u2019yi bu grup i\u00e7erisinde, \u00f6nde gelen bir \u015fahsyiet olarak sunabiliriz….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kararl\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7leri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan, gerek ehli b\u00fcrokratlar, diplomatlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Bat\u0131\u2019daki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc en az\u0131ndan, \u2018y\u00fczeysel olarak\u2019 bile g\u00f6zlemleyenlerin katk\u0131s\u0131 ve iste\u011fiyle, modernle\u015fme ve\/ya Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma yer almas\u0131 ortada, gayet \u00f6nemli bir tenazukun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belki, bu olguyu ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131da ele almak daha do\u011fru olacak…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Selim\u2019in s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, 1808 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yeni D\u00fczen s\u00fcreci Yeni\u00e7eri isyan\u0131yla inkitaya u\u011framas\u0131 ve ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu reform s\u00fcrecini bizatihi can\u0131yla \u00f6deyerek devam ettirme arzusu,[1]<\/a> hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, onun siyasal de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerindeki samimiyetinin bir g\u00f6stergesiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Mahmud ise, selefinin akibetini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak reform s\u00fcrecinin gayet dikkatle ve il\u00e2ve tedbirler alarak y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 g\u00f6zlerden ka\u00e7m\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Mahmud\u2019un, kendinden \u00f6nceki 3. Selim d\u00f6nemini dikkatle izledi\u011fi ve analiz etti\u011fi ve s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda derin bilgi sahibi oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ifadesiyle, \u201c\u015fahin gibi kafesden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131pda taht saltanata c\u00fclus etti\u011fi gibi m\u00fctegallibe ve hususuyla Yeni\u00e7eri e\u015fkiyas\u0131n\u0131n ezelalar\u0131n\u0131 tasmim alm\u0131\u015f idi.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6yle ki, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, de\u011fi\u015fimin en \u00f6nemli arac\u0131 ve hedefi konumundaki Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurulu d\u00fczen olarak \u2018Yeni\u00e7eri\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\u00e7eri… \u00d6yle bir kurumdan bahsediyoruz ki, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin neredeyse kurulu\u015fundan itibaren, \u00f6nemli bir rol icra eden ve devletin neredeyse, Sultan\u2019dan sonra varl\u0131k nedeni haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Yeni\u00e7eri\u2019 ad\u0131na \u2018sipahi\u2019 ile birlikte ilk olarak Orhan Gazi d\u00f6neminde rastlan\u0131rken, karde\u015fi Alaaddin\u2019in H. 730 y\u0131l\u0131nda orduyu yeniden d\u00fczenlemesi s\u00fcrecinde, \u2018Yeni\u00e7eri\u2019 ve \u2018Sipahi\u2019 adlar\u0131yla ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te ise, \u00f6rne\u011fin, 1. Murat d\u00f6neminde \u00c7andarl\u0131 Kara Halil \u00e7abalar\u0131yla kurulan Yeni\u00e7erilik m\u00fcessesesi yeniden ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu askeri kurumun de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi meselesinin \u00f6yle, san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131 meselesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fckselme d\u00f6nemindei baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli kay\u0131tlar bize a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, Yavuz Sultan Selim d\u00f6neminde, Kemah, Sivas ve Elbistan b\u00f6lgelerinin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde, Yeni\u00e7erilerin ortaya koyduklar\u0131 \u201c\u015ferke\u015flik\u201d meselesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Yavuz Selim, \u0130stanbul\u2019da tedbir almaktan geri durmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYeni\u00e7eriler biraz serke\u015flik etmi\u015f olma\u011fla, Sultan Selim \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fckte fesad ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yine anlardan s\u00fcr\u00fcp zor ile s\u00f6yleterek bulduklar\u0131n\u0131n cezas\u0131n\u0131 icra eyledi.<\/em>\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ard\u0131ndan, o\u011flu I S\u00fcleyman yani, Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman idaresinin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131r meselesi h\u00e2l yoluna konulmak amac\u0131yla, Osmanl\u0131 politikas\u0131 ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre sava\u015ftan uzak bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015farken, Yeni\u00e7eriler\u2019in \u0130stanbul\u2019da toplumsal huzuru bozan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na m\u00fcdahale yine do\u011frudan Sultan\u2019dan gelmi\u015fti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYeni\u00e7eri zorbalar\u0131na rahat bat\u0131p, \u0130stanbul i\u00e7inde fedahate (!) ba\u015flamalar\u0131yla Padi\u015fah alicenap bir g\u00fcn i\u00e7lerine dalarak bir ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 tepelemi\u015fti.<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nemin gere\u011fi olarak, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir kurumu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u2018rasyonel de de\u011fildi\u2019 diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devletin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00f6nemlerinde, Yeni\u00e7eri kurumunda disiplinsizlik sorunuyla ilgili geli\u015fmelerin ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerde ve \u00f6zellikle de, \u2018zay\u0131f sultanlar\u2019 d\u00f6nemlerinde gayet belirgin bir h\u00e2l ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve bunun ilk \u00f6rne\u011fini, daha Kanuni S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n na\u015f\u0131 ortadayken ve 2. Selim hen\u00fcz c\u00fclus\u2019unu tamamlam\u0131\u015f iken, Sigetvar seferi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yolda ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00c7emberlita\u015f civar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan hadiseler ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu geli\u015fme, sadece toplumsalla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan ayn\u0131 zamanda, devletin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gelece\u011fi \u00fczerinde bir t\u00fcr ipotek olarak kendini ortaya koyan yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 Yeni\u00e7eri konusunu, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l reform s\u00fcrecinin en \u00f6nemli olgusu haline getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde reform s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, en \u00f6nemli a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 merkezde g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda yer alan unsurlar te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda askeri unsur olarak Yeni\u00e7eriler gelirken, sivil b\u00fcrokraside yer alan yap\u0131la\u015fmalar da zamanla reform ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n hissedildi\u011fi kurumlar olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni\u00e7eri yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme emareleri, devletin merkezinde erken d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren hissedilirken, al\u0131nmas\u0131 beklenen tedbirlerin bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle reform s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin gecikmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kta \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Alp Eren Topal. (2021). \u201cPolitical Reforms as Religious Revival: Conceptual Foundations of Tanzimat\u201d, Oriente Moderno<\/em>, 101, s. 157. (153-180).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> Cevdet Pa\u015fa. (?). Tarih-i Cevdet<\/em>, Cildi Hadi a\u015fre, Min ibtida-i vak\u0131a sene 1232 il\u00e2 evahiri vak\u0131a sene 1236, \u0130stanbul: Matbaa-i Asmani, s. 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Ahmet Vefik Pa\u015fa. (1302\/1885). Fezleke-i Tarih-i Osmani<\/em>, \u0130stanbul: Matbaa-i Osmaniye, s. 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a>  \u0130p\u015firli, Mehmet. (1998). \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde Kazaskerlik\u201d (XVII. Y\u00fczy\u0131la Kadar), Belleten, C. LXV, (Aral\u0131k, 1997), Say\u0131 232, Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Bas\u0131mevi, s. 606. (597-699).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> <\/a><\/a>Ahmet Vefik Pa\u015fa. (1287\/1870). <\/a>Fezleke-i Tarih-i Osmani<\/em>, Tab-\u0131 Sani, Mekteb-i Harbiyye-i \u015eahane Matbaas\u0131, s. 49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 51.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            23.06.2024 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde reform s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin sadece, bu devlete \u00f6zg\u00fc niteliklerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f, aksine, d\u00fcnya tarihinin \u00e7e\u015fitli evrelerinde farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardaki devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere reform, bir gereklilik olarak kendini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin bir yan\u0131nda, -geleneksel devlet yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131nda ordunun ve\/ya ordu i\u00e7erisindeki g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda edindikleri yer nedeniyle baz\u0131 ordu birimleri yer al\u0131rken \u00f6teki […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5290"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5290\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}