{"id":5025,"date":"2024-01-04T12:17:49","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T12:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5025"},"modified":"2024-01-04T12:17:50","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T12:17:50","slug":"cinde-kamusal-alanda-vatanseverlik-egitimi-patriotic-education-in-the-public-sphere-in-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/cinde-kamusal-alanda-vatanseverlik-egitimi-patriotic-education-in-the-public-sphere-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7in\u2019de kamusal alanda vatanseverlik e\u011fitimi \/ Patriotic education in the public sphere in China"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay 04.01.2024<br>\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde yeni y\u0131lla birlikte \u2018vatanseverlik\u2019 (patriotism) i\u00e7erikli yeni bir e\u011fitim politikas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte\u2026<br>S\u00f6z konusu bu politika, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Ekim ay\u0131nda Ulusal Halk Kongresi Daimi Komitesi\u2019nce kabul edilen \u201cVatansever E\u011fitim Yasas\u0131\u201dna dayan\u0131yor.<br>\u2018Kamusal propaganda\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz bu politika ile \u00fclke genelinde merkezden ta\u015fraya kadar okullar, i\u015f yerleri ve aileleri de i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde vatanseverlik de\u011ferlerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflerden, b\u00f6ylece s\u00f6z konusu bu de\u011ferler \u00fczerinden bir siyasal bilin\u00e7lenme ve \u00fclke ideolojisinde \u2018gen\u00e7le\u015ftirme\u2019 ve \u2018yenile\u015ftirme\u2019 s\u00fcreci ortaya konulmas\u0131 hedefleniyor.<br>Hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131lanman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan bu s\u00f6ylem, uygulamada ulusal bayrak ve semboller ile ulusal kahramanlara y\u00f6nelik sayg\u0131 ve korumay\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor.<br>\u201cVatanseverlik\u201d politikas\u0131n\u0131n, ya\u015fanan baz\u0131 toplumsal tepkilere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen bir y\u00f6n\u00fc oldu\u011fu gibi, bundan daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc tarihsel ve varolu\u015fsal sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmesi gibi daha y\u00fcce bir ba\u011flam\u0131 bulunuyor.<br>Varolu\u015fsal olgusunun \u00f6zellikle, \u00fclkenin ulusal siyasal ideolojisi kom\u00fcnizmin gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam krizini a\u015fmaya matuf bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunuyor. T\u0131pk\u0131 materyalistle\u015fen Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131 gibi, farkl\u0131 bir ba\u011flamda ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ne evrilmi\u015f olan \u00c7in\u2019de birey-toplum ili\u015fkileri kadar bu ili\u015fkilere anlam katacak \u201cmanevi\u201d boyutun \u201cvatanseverlik\u201d ile a\u015f\u0131lmak istendi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<br>Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00f6zellikle kamusal kurumlardaki uygulamalar\u0131n sadece, ilgili birimlerin inisiyatifine b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gayet saf\u00e7a bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olur\u2026<br>Bunun yerine, kom\u00fcnist partisinin propaganda birimince haz\u0131rlanacak materyallerin \u2018\u00f6\u011freti\u2019 s\u00fcrecinde etkili olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r.<br>K\u00fcresel \u00c7inlilik<br>\u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin uygulama karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu politika, Ana Kara \u00c7in\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim b\u00f6lgeleri Hong Kong ve Macau ile \u00c7in\u2019in egemenlik iddias\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli yineledi\u011fi Tayvan\u2019\u0131 ve diaspora \u00c7inlilerini de kaps\u0131yor.<br>Tayvan ve diaspora \u00c7inlileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin karar\u0131n\u0131n kapsam alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkenin ulus-devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00c7in merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin kendini, \u00c7in halk\u0131 \u00fczerinde evrensel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<br>Bu durum, \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin Tayvan \u00fczerindeki egemenlik iddialar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden ve bir ba\u015fka a\u00e7\u0131dan dillendirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelirken, diaspora \u00c7inlilerinin de k\u00fcresel k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fimler ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan kaynaklanacak de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u2018korunmalar\u0131\u2019 hedefleniyor.<br>Neden vatanseverlik politikas\u0131?<br>S\u00f6z konusu politikaya neyin neden oldu\u011fu konusu yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalara bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, birbirinden farkl\u0131la\u015fan nedenlere dayan\u0131yor.<br>Bunlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc pragmatik, sosyolojik nedenler olarak dikkat \u00e7ekerken, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ulusal idelooji ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 varolu\u015fsal sorunlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde dile getirildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<br>Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00f6rne\u011fin, pragmatik olarak bu politikaya neden olarak Covid-19 s\u00fcrecinde, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetin a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cS\u0131f\u0131r Covid-politikas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu bask\u0131 ortama kar\u015f\u0131 verilen kamusal tepki g\u00f6steriliyor.<br>Bununla birlikte, \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131n sadece, bununla ilgili ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7\u2026<br>Bunun \u00f6tesinde bir dizi sorunun veya mevcut \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin tehdit olarak alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik geli\u015fmelerin nedenler zincirini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrebiliriz.<br>\u00d6rne\u011fin, Hong Kong gibi \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge ve Tayvan gibi de facto ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcreci ya\u015fayan Ada\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00f6zellikle son yirmi y\u0131lda gelen ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 orta s\u0131n\u0131fla\u015fma ile \u00fclkenin geli\u015fmi\u015f eyaletlerinde t\u00fcketimcilik ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k kapitalizmin halk aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini yads\u0131namaz.<br>\u00d6zellikle, kapitalist ekonomiye adaptasyonla birlikte, \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine paralel olarak kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya daha da a\u00e7an \u00c7in\u2019de yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6renler kadar, ulusual e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden ge\u00e7erek ekonomik stat\u00fcde ilerleyen e\u011fitimli s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n da yeni e\u011filimleri g\u00f6zlemlemek g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fil.<br>Bu anlamda, vatanperverlik e\u011fitimi politikas\u0131, siyasal anlamda \u2018kom\u00fcnist\u2019 ideolojiye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam eden devletin, halk\u0131n geni\u015f kesimlerine y\u00f6nelik olarak s\u00f6z konusu bu ideoloji ba\u011flam\u0131nda, yenile\u015ftiri politikalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmesinin son \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak kabul edilebilir.<br>Baz\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere \u201cVatanseverlik\u201d politikas\u0131n\u0131n hedefinde toplumda var oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u2018nihilizme\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak da okumak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<br>\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u00c7in kom\u00fcnist partisince y\u00f6netildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc geli\u015fme ve de\u011fi\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131n, partinin propaganda mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flerli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kendini, yeni geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tayakkuz halinde tuttu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k.<br>S\u00f6z konusu bu son e\u011fitim politikas\u0131 da, bunun g\u00f6stergelerinden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir\u2026<br>Politika ve kontrol s\u00fcreci<br>Bu politikan\u0131n nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131na dair baz\u0131 detaylar g\u00fcndemde yer al\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, okullarda m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131na \u201cvatanseverlik\u201d olgusunu dahil ederken, i\u015f \u00e7evreleri i\u015f y\u00f6netimi ve personel e\u011fitiminde bu olguyu i\u015fleyecekler.<br>Bunlara il\u00e2ve olarak, s\u00f6z konusu yasa, toplumun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden aile organizasyonuna da ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedefliyor. Buna g\u00f6re, ebeveynlerin \u2018aile e\u011fitimi\u2019nde vatan sevgisini \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na a\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131 isteniyor.<br>T\u00fcm bu kamusal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin i\u015flerlik kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n sadece ilgili bireyler ve kurumsal y\u00f6netimlere terk edildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek zor. Aksine, bu durum, siyasal ideoloji ve onun koruyucu ve kollay\u0131c\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek \u2018kontrol\u2019 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine tan\u0131k olunacakt\u0131r.<br>Uygulaman\u0131n, Ana k\u0131ta \u00c7in\u2019de \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeler ile ulus-devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015fan boyutuyla, k\u00fcresel bir \u00c7inlilik bilincinin geli\u015ftirilmesinin hedeflendi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay 04.01.2024\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde yeni y\u0131lla birlikte \u2018vatanseverlik\u2019 (patriotism) i\u00e7erikli yeni bir e\u011fitim politikas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte\u2026S\u00f6z konusu bu politika, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Ekim ay\u0131nda Ulusal Halk Kongresi Daimi Komitesi\u2019nce kabul edilen \u201cVatansever E\u011fitim Yasas\u0131\u201dna dayan\u0131yor.\u2018Kamusal propaganda\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz bu politika ile \u00fclke genelinde merkezden ta\u015fraya kadar okullar, i\u015f yerleri ve aileleri de i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde vatanseverlik de\u011ferlerinin [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cin","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5025"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5025\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}