{"id":4744,"date":"2022-09-03T13:09:01","date_gmt":"2022-09-03T13:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4744"},"modified":"2022-09-03T13:09:01","modified_gmt":"2022-09-03T13:09:01","slug":"kuala-lumpur-sehri-insasi-ve-anatomisi-uzerine-upon-the-construction-of-kuala-lumpur-and-its-anatomy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/kuala-lumpur-sehri-insasi-ve-anatomisi-uzerine-upon-the-construction-of-kuala-lumpur-and-its-anatomy\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuala Lumpur \u015fehri in\u015fas\u0131 ve anatomisi \u00fczerine \/ Upon the construction of Kuala Lumpur and its Anatomy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 03.09.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eehirlerin geli\u015fiminde ait oldu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet evreninin belirleyicili\u011fi ile \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi co\u011frafyan\u0131n ve iklimin \u00f6nemli pay\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet insan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri ve yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kuvvesiyle dikkat \u00e7ekerken, co\u011frafya ve iklim ise verili ve bir anlamda zorunlu bir belirleyicili\u011fiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Malezya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kuala Lumpur, kurulu\u015f ba\u011flam\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fi y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesine dayanmamakla birlikte, ait oldu\u011fu Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyeti i\u00e7erisinde kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu iki temel durum yani, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet ile co\u011frafya ve iklim dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Kuala Lumpur\u2019un \u00f6ncelikle co\u011frafyan\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal\/yer alt\u0131 zenginliklerinin \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine evrilmesiyle birlikte, bir \u015fehir olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce de bir yaz\u0131 da dile getirdi\u011fim \u00fczere, \u015fehre ad\u0131n\u0131 veren \u00c7amurlu Nehir (Kuala: <\/em>Nehir; Lumpur: <\/em>\u00c7amurlu) ilk etapta sanki olumsuz bir ifadeyi i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rsa da, asl\u0131nda bunun tam tersi bir anlam i\u00e7erdi\u011fi gibi, \u015fehrin ge\u00e7mi\u015finde de \u00f6nemli i\u015flev g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu nehri ve kollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen y\u00fckseltiler, da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeler \u00f6zellikle, kalay ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli maden kaynaklar\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karken, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fartlar\u0131nda giderek belirgin bir h\u00e2l alan s\u00f6m\u00fcrge idaresinin \u00e7e\u015fitli yat\u0131r\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla ve bu s\u00fcrece eklemlenen d\u0131\u015farl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men kitlelerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzey-g\u00fcney istikametinde Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019na paralel uzanan, b\u00f6lgenin neredeyse tam ortas\u0131nda yeni bir \u015fehrin geli\u015fimine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

End\u00fcstriyel \u015fehir<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eehrin kurulu\u015funa dair bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 ortada, b\u00f6lgenin asli unsuru olan Malay k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetine dair hususiyetler konusunda bir sorgulamay\u0131 da gizli-a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Kuala Lumpur\u2019un, d\u0131\u015farl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men \u00e7evrelerinin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretime konu olacak tipik bir modern \u015fehir h\u00fcviyetini ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fat bir geli\u015fme oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, bu s\u00fcrecin ard\u0131ndan gelen Malay k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fehre sonradan kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bir eksikli\u011fi de\u011fil, asl\u0131nda hakiki unsurlar\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Aksine, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda kuruldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Kuala Lumpur\u2019un y\u00fcz elli y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle de, 1957\u2019den sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Malaka, Penang, Cohor Bahru, Alor Setar, Pekan, Muar, Kota Bharu vb. gibi kadim Malay k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet \u015fehirlerine il\u00e2ve olarak, modern d\u00f6nemdeki geli\u015fmelere paralel olacak \u015fekilde Malayl\u0131l\u0131k, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle Malay k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n, yeni bir \u015fehrin geli\u015fimine verdi\u011fi katk\u0131 anlam\u0131nda de\u011ferlerdirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Co\u011frafya ve iklim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen \u00f6zelli\u011fe il\u00e2ve olarak, \u015fehrin co\u011frafi ve iklim hususiyetlerinin g\u00f6stergeleri olan unsurlar\u0131n, \u015fehrin neredeyse her cadde ve soka\u011f\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulan do\u011fal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri, bir modern \u015fehir ile do\u011fal ortam\u0131n birarad\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 simgelemenin \u00f6tesinde capcanl\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin kurulu\u015f s\u00fcrecinde Pahang Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesindeki da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarla \u00e7evrili Gombak ve Klang vadilerinin belirleyicili\u011fi dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019na ula\u015fan nehirlerin, i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi vadilerdeki madencilik faaliyetleri ve bu s\u00fcrecin tetikledi\u011fi t\u00fcm yan i\u015f kollar\u0131yla birlikte, b\u00f6lgede n\u00fcfus yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle etkilemi\u015f ve bu anlamda, gayet geni\u015f bir \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, b\u00f6lgedeki nehirlerin \u015fehrin kurulu\u015fundaki ba\u015fat konumu, ula\u015f\u0131m, temizlik vb. gibi g\u00fcndelik i\u015flevsel boyutlar\u0131 kadar, \u015fehrin kendinde esteti\u011finin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir nitelik arz etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn bu nehirlerin, s\u00f6z konusu bu i\u015flevleri ne denli ortaya koyduklar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olsa da, yer yer g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckleri engellenmi\u015f olsa da, fiziki varl\u0131klar\u0131yla h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015fehrin kenar b\u00f6lgelerinden atardamarlar\u0131na uzanarak potansiyel de\u011ferlerini korumaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\u015eehir ve y\u00f6netim <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6lgenin bir yandan, Selangor Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6te yandan, Pahang Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, bug\u00fcn dahi g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fi \u00fczere \u015fehrin kayda de\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Selangor Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130dari yap\u0131lanma noktas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan reformlar neticesinde Kuala Lumpur b\u00f6lgesi \u00f6zel y\u00f6netim b\u00f6lgesiyle, kendine has bir niteli\u011fi de ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece ba\u015fkent Kuala Lumpur asl\u0131nda, do\u011fal olarak birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan co\u011frafi yap\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n idari sebeplerle ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde dile getirildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u015fehirleri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan, ait olduklar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet hususiyetleriyle, \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldikleri co\u011frafya ve iklim olmas\u0131, Kuala Lumpur\u2019da her haliyle g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famda s\u0131kl\u0131kla ve do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaya elverir bir \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin merkezini olu\u015fturan Klang Vadisi, ulusal ve uluslar\u00fcst\u00fc \u015firketlerin y\u00f6netim merkezleri, y\u00fcksek-\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, her t\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00f6zel ve kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6lge, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, \u015fehrin 1970’ler gibi benzeri \u00fclkeler ba\u015fkentlerinde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, d\u00f6nemin karakteristik \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan modernle\u015fme evresinin h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te g\u00fcndeme gelen yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015fehre kimlik kazand\u0131rma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olarak dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bu d\u00f6nem, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve bilim anlam\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda Malay k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan \u00fcniversiteleri, akademileri, m\u00fczeleri vb. kurumlar\u0131 birer birer ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, birincil anlamda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitleye hitap etmek kadar, genel itibar\u0131yla \u00e7ok dinli ve \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bir toplum ortam\u0131nda \u2018di\u011ferlerine\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ve sembolik \u00f6nemiyle de dikkat \u00e7eken camilerin ve ilintili mimari yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Temelde, tek tek ele al\u0131nmay\u0131 hak eden bu mimari yap\u0131la\u015fmalar G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u015fehrin modern d\u00f6nemde nas\u0131l ne\u015fet etti\u011fine dair bir laboratuvar \u00f6zelli\u011fi de ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eehri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmak<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Kuala Lumpur ve mimari denildi\u011finde, b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel olarak bir t\u00fcr cazibe merkezi olmas\u0131 istenen ve bu anlamda bu iste\u011fin ba\u015far\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zlemlenen Petronas \u0130kiz Kuleleri (Petronas Twin Towers<\/em>) kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karr.<\/p>\n

Bu yap\u0131 ikilisi, \u00e7elik konstr\u00fcks\u00fcyon malzemesiyle vertikal boyutta ritmik bir alg\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, belki de yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen di\u011fer yap\u0131sal unsurlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda tezat\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirse de, sek\u00fcler post-modern \u015fehir atmosferini yans\u0131tan ve bu anlamda benzeri \u015fehirlerle ve hatta, Bat\u0131 \u015fehirleriyle mukayesenin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak hayat buldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin siyasi liderleri ve b\u00fcrokrasi elitinin, \u015fehri k\u00fcresel pl\u00e2nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lman\u0131n ad\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndeme getirdikleri Petronas \u0130kiz Kuleleri, bu anlamda amac\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla ortaya koydu\u011funa ve bu anlamda, gayet \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Anlam i\u015faretleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ancak, post-modern ya\u015fam\u0131n getirdi\u011fi ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, anlam kayb\u0131, kitleler i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131zla\u015fma, dev \u00e7elik konstr\u00fcksiyonun birey \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etki vb. s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden kurtulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, s\u00f6z konusu bu ikili yap\u0131dan -yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak, bat\u0131 ve do\u011fu istikametlerinde- sadece birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz metre mesafede M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7in tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ile kulelerin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi Ampang Caddesi\u2019ni donatan yayg\u0131n dallar\u0131yla geni\u015f g\u00f6lgeler otu\u015fturan tropik a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet unsurlar\u0131yla co\u011frafya ve iklim \u00f6zelliklerini birarada ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin atardamarlar\u0131ndan biri olmas\u0131 kadar, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131n ortak payla\u015f\u0131m alan\u0131 olan bu b\u00f6lgenin sahip oldu\u011fu bu \u00f6zellik, bir istisna te\u015fkil etmiyor. Aksine, \u015fehrin neredeyse post-modern unsuruyla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan her benzeri noktas\u0131nda ayn\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet bile\u015fkesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 03.09.2022 \u015eehirlerin geli\u015fiminde ait oldu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-malezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4744\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}