{"id":4396,"date":"2022-02-23T22:12:09","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T22:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4396"},"modified":"2022-02-23T22:12:09","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T22:12:09","slug":"siyasal-bir-kasif-olarak-abd-baskani-richard-nixonun-cin-ziyareti-richard-nixons-china-visit-as-a-political-explorer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/siyasal-bir-kasif-olarak-abd-baskani-richard-nixonun-cin-ziyareti-richard-nixons-china-visit-as-a-political-explorer\/","title":{"rendered":"Siyasal bir ka\u015fif olarak ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Richard Nixon\u2019un \u00c7in ziyareti \/ Richard Nixon\u2019s China visit as a political explorer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 23.02.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan Richard Nixon\u2019un, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni ziyaretinin ellinci y\u0131l\u0131 sadece, bu iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

2.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerinden biri oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku olmayan 21 \u015eubat 1972\u2019de Pekin\u2019e ayak basmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Nixon\u2019un bu ziyareti, i\u00e7e kapal\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kritik e\u015fi\u011fi olarak an\u0131lmay\u0131 hak ediyor. \u00d6yle ki, bu anlamda SSCB\u2019de Mikhail Gorbachev\u2019in perestroika<\/em>ve glasnost<\/em> ile ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131, bizzat ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nixon\u2019un eliyle Pekin\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu ziyaret \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortada bir ba\u015far\u0131dan s\u00f6z edilecekse, bunda her ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck pay, ba\u015fta Henry Kissinger olmak \u00fczere, ABD d\u0131\u015f politika mimarlar\u0131na gitse de, \u00c7in\u2019in d\u0131\u015fardan gelen b\u00f6ylesi bir talebe haz\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7inde bir t\u00fcr gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k akt\u00f6rl\u00fck bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, ABD liderli\u011finde NATO ve SSCB liderli\u011finde Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fta, Avrupa ve Ortado\u011fu olmak \u00fczere k\u00fcresel siyasette belirleyici oluyordu.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da ise, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n yorgunlu\u011funu \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131rken bir yandan da, lider Mao Zedong\u2019la gelen ideolojik kazan\u0131m\u0131n getirdi\u011fi \u00f6z g\u00fcvene sahipti.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi ve a\u00e7mazlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019de 1949 Kom\u00fcnist Devrimi\u2019nin \u00f6rne\u011fin, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi gibi agresif bir y\u00f6nelimle, yak\u0131n ve uzak co\u011frafyalara rejim ihra\u00e7 etme \u00e7abas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, ba\u015fkan Nixon\u2019un \u201cSSCB bizi tehdit ediyor, \u00c7in ise etmiyor\u201d diyerek d\u00f6nemin siyasal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine vurgu yap\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin modern tarihinde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fczere, belki de, daha \u00e7ok bu \u00fclkelerin \u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6nelik ideolojik talep ve destek aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, kom\u00fcnist ideolojiyi b\u00f6lgeselle\u015ftirme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Ancak, unutulmamas\u0131 gerekir ki, \u00c7in o d\u00f6nem, kendi b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6rece i\u00e7ine kapal\u0131 bir yap\u0131 sergilerken, modern d\u00f6nemin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz politik-ekonomi yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda ve\/ya buna bir tepki olarak, kendi ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l duraca\u011f\u0131yla ilgili i\u00e7 sorgulamalarla da y\u00fczle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi\u2019nin, asl\u0131nda bu y\u00fczle\u015fmenin i\u00e7e kapal\u0131 ideolojik yeniden yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n ad\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndem geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, ba\u015fka b\u00fcrokrasinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc stat\u00fclerinde yer alanlar olmak \u00fczere, giderek yozla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilen belirli toplum kesimlerini yeniden bulu\u015fturman\u0131n ad\u0131 olan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi, kapsaml\u0131 bir ideolojik enjeksiyona yol a\u00e7arken, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tezat i\u00e7erecek toplumsal ve de ekonomik ba\u011flamda devrimi i\u00e7erden y\u0131kabilecek bir boyuta ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi\u2019nin ta\u015f\u0131yamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u00c7in\u2019in, nereye gidece\u011fi meselesi \u00f6nemliydi ve d\u00f6nemin s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden ABD bu s\u00fcreci, -belki de, SSCB \u2013 \u00c7in \u00e7eki\u015fmesinin de do\u011furdu\u011fu cesaretle- kendi lehine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmenin i\u015faretini, 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015fkan Richard Nixon\u2019un ziyaretiyle g\u00f6stermi\u015f oluyordu.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, bu ziyareti salt ABD\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politikada akt\u00f6r oldu\u011fu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak okumak yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Belki de, sonda s\u00f6ylenmesi gereken hususu, hemen burada s\u00f6yleyerek buna a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrede, \u00c7in\u2019in bug\u00fcn k\u00fcresel yap\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer ve daha da \u00f6tesi gitmekte oldu\u011fu yol, 1970\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00c7in siyasi lider kadrosunun bir t\u00fcr karar a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ve bir t\u00fcr i\u00e7 sorgulamay\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n izleri <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkan Nixon\u2019un ziyaretinin ard\u0131nda, temelde \u00e7oklu neden bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00d6ncelikle rakip SSCB\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda -en az\u0131ndan moral olarak- elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir ABD\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n

Bunun ard\u0131ndan, ABD\u2019nin jeo-politik hususiyetleri noktas\u0131nda, Avrupa merkezli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 s\u00fcrecin yerini, bir anda Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da dev bir piyasa ve geli\u015ftirilmeye matuf devasa bir toplum olarak \u00c7in ald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, \u2018kapal\u0131 kutu\u2019 \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fcresel ili\u015fkilere ve \u00f6zellikle de, ABD merkezli d\u00fcnya ekonomik sistemine a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, o zamanlar fark edilmemi\u015f olsa da, 1989\u2019da SSCB\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne do\u011fru giden s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00fczerindeki tesirini de dikkate almak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda olan biteni ABD ad\u0131na, ortada \u00e7ok\u00e7a hesapl\u0131 kitapl\u0131 bir politik geli\u015fimden ziyade, \u00c7in\u2019de var olan siyasal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi okuyabilmenin ve d\u00f6nemin olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kendine bir alan bularak ilerleyebilmenin ad\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, d\u00f6nemin Frans\u0131z felsefecisi Andre Malrauw\u2019un, Nixon\u2019un ziyaretini, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonundaki Avrupal\u0131 denizci ka\u015fifler analojisiyle a\u00e7\u0131klarken, asl\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilmesi beklenen yerler ve toplumlar yerine, farkl\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n -bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere- beklentiler ve sonu\u00e7lar noktas\u0131nda hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar do\u011furdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrece bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemine yeni bir boyut katt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku yok. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00c7in\u2019in kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7mas\u0131, k\u00fcresel sistemde jeo-politikten jeo-ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015fin ilk izlerini olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en elli y\u0131l\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, jeo-ekonominin kendilerini g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilece\u011fi endi\u015fesini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 liberal de\u011ferlere ve temsili demokrasiye -ki Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da beklentisi buydu- kar\u015f\u0131 ideolojik i\u00e7e kapanmay\u0131 veya yenilenmeyi \u00f6nceleyerek jeo-ekonomiden jeo-politi\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 23.02.2022 ABD ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan Richard Nixon\u2019un, \u00c7in Halk […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4396"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4396\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}