{"id":4311,"date":"2022-01-20T03:32:15","date_gmt":"2022-01-20T03:32:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4311"},"modified":"2022-01-20T03:37:40","modified_gmt":"2022-01-20T03:37:40","slug":"tayvan-sorunu-abd-cin-arasinda-ideolojik-ayrisma-the-issue-of-taiwan-ideloogical-dispute-between-the-u-s-and-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/tayvan-sorunu-abd-cin-arasinda-ideolojik-ayrisma-the-issue-of-taiwan-ideloogical-dispute-between-the-u-s-and-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Tayvan sorunu: ABD \u2013 \u00c7in aras\u0131nda ideolojik ayr\u0131\u015fma \/ The issue of Taiwan: Ideological dispute between the U.S and China"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 20.01.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD ile \u00c7in halk Cumhuriyeti aras\u0131nda var olan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 s\u00f6ylem \u00f6zellikle, Tayvan sorunu nedeniyle, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran boyuta gelip dayanm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu geli\u015fme, Japonya\u2019dan Avustralya\u2019ya kadar geni\u015f Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde ve \u00f6zellikle de, ASEAN \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ndan takip ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, d\u00fcn yani, 19 Ocak\u2019ta \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim b\u00f6lgesi Hong Kong\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen \u201c3. Hong Kong ABD-\u00c7in \u0130li\u015fkileri Forumu\u201d, konunun g\u00fcncelli\u011fini ve de \u00f6nemini korudu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Forum\u2019da, iki k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin \u00e7e\u015fitli boyutlar\u0131 kadar, Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da Tayvan sorunu da g\u00fcndeme getirildi.<\/p>\n

Tayvan sorunu ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ihtimali<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, \u2018Tayvan sorunu\u2019nun di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6nem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel siyaset i\u00e7erisinde konuya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin, en son Nikaragua \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, Tayvan\u2019\u0131 yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131na t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcyle devam ediyor. ABD ise, \u2018Tek \u00c7in Politikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 benimsemekle birlikte, \u2018demokratik\u2019 Tayvan\u2019\u0131 gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k desteklemeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Geli\u015fmelerin askeri boyutu ise daha bir tedirgin edici mahiyet ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki, ABD ile \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 deniz ve hava kuvvetlerinin Tayvan Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndaki varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve etkinliklerindeki art\u0131\u015f, Tayvan\u2019\u0131n var olan askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc destekleyici geli\u015fmeler, s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n her an ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kuvvetlendiriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6nde bir geli\u015fme olmamas\u0131, t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde siyasal ve ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n teminat\u0131 olan g\u00fcvenli\u011fin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gayet \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, ABD ve \u00c7in aras\u0131nda olas\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma halinin sadece, Tayvan hava sahas\u0131 ve k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131k. Bununla birlikte, her iki g\u00fcc\u00fcn de a\u00e7\u0131k ve yayg\u0131n bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alamayacaklar\u0131 da ortada.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde ittifak olu\u015fumlar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin kayda de\u011fer bir \u00f6nceli\u011fe ve \u00f6neme sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z\u00fckse de, \u00f6zellikle bir b\u00f6lgesel bir blok olarak ASEAN\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6ylesi bir s\u00fcreci onaylamayaca\u011f\u0131 kesin.<\/p>\n

Nihayetinde ASEAN\u2019da, b\u00f6lgesel birlik olma idealinin temelinde tek tek \u00fclkeler kadar, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir b\u00f6lgeyi g\u00fcvenlikli k\u0131lma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u2018So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019 s\u00f6ylemi ve farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, ABD-\u00c7in aras\u0131nda var oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlenen ve b\u00f6lgede \u201c21. y\u00fczy\u0131l So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan geli\u015fmenin asl\u0131nda, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f kavram\u0131n\u0131n 1950\u2019lerden 1980\u2019lere kadar ABD-SSCB aras\u0131nda var olan boyutundakine benzer \u015fekilde, sadece iki \u00fclkenin siyasi ve ekonomik \u00e7eki\u015fmesinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc saymak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Burada, ABD\u2019nin kendi de\u011ferleri \u00fczerinden b\u00f6lgede var olma stratejisi de\u011fil aksine, Tayvan merkezli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu noktada, iki temel arg\u00fcmandan bahsetmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Birincisi, temelde Tayvan kendisini uluslararas\u0131 arenada, as\u0131l \u00c7in devletinin temsilcisi kabul ediyor. Bu durum, Tayvan\u2019\u0131n sadece ayr\u0131 bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselmesiyle ve bu anlamda sahip oldu\u011fu teritoryal farkla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Aksine, bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ve\/ya bundan daha \u00e7ok, siyasal ideoloji ve rejim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Pekin ile Taipei aras\u0131nda keskin ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n var olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani, \u00c7in\u2019de tek parti\/kom\u00fcnist rejimi hakimiyetine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Tayvan\u2019da Bat\u0131 Avrupa\/Kuzey Amerika modelinde bir demokratik sistem mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, \u00a0Tayvan halk\u0131n\u0131n Ana k\u0131ta \u00c7in\u2019in arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ekseninde birle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na, n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte bir oran\u0131nda y\u00fcksek sesle \u2018hay\u0131r\u2019 demesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bu birle\u015fmeye yine benzer bir oranda ya da bundan daha az bir oranda \u2018evet\u2019 denmesidir.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda, bu iki temel ayr\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131n, belirleyici olan\u0131n geri kalan, neredeyse n\u00fcfusun yar\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bir anlamda, Tayvan halk\u0131n\u0131n \u2018sessiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu\u2019 karar merciinde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

De facto<\/em><\/strong> ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve demokratik Tayvan <\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da \u00c7in ve Tayvan aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 ortaya koymak amac\u0131yla, Ana k\u0131ta \u00c7in denilerek \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne yap\u0131lan referansa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, de facto<\/em> ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke niteli\u011findeki Tayvan kendini, \u2018as\u0131l\u2019 \u00c7in\u2019in temsilcisi kabul ediyor. En az\u0131ndan, 1949 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana ya\u015fananlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bunun -ini\u015fli, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te olsa, b\u00f6yle bir geli\u015fime ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Tayvan\u2019\u0131n 1949\u2019dan bu yana, de facto<\/em> ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00f6zellikle, tek lider\/tek parti d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan, 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan demokratikle\u015fme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnde, 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan se\u00e7imle i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesi Ada tarihinin d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Tayvan y\u00f6netiminin ve halk\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcre\u00e7te, giderek kendini Bat\u0131l\u0131 demokratik de\u011ferlerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi ve bunun toplumsal alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, Pekin ve Taipei aras\u0131nda bug\u00fcn var olan keskin k\u0131r\u0131lma hatt\u0131nda makas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Tek lider\/tek parti d\u00f6neminde, b\u00f6lgedeki benzer \u00fclkelerde de rastlanan \u201cotorkrat\u201d y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131n, ortaya konulan ekonomik kalk\u0131nma ve \u00f6zellikle, sanayile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin \u00fclke toplumsal yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n giderek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir demokratikle\u015fme olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Tayvan\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu durum, ABD\u2019nin neden Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da, Tayvan \u00fczerinden \u00c7in\u2019le \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 bir siyasetin i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu da ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir kez daha tekrarlamakta yarar var ki burada, ABD \u00f6ncelikli bir Tayvan\u2019dan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Tam aksine, kendinde bir demokratikle\u015fme ve bunun toplumsal, siyasal, ekonomik alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f bir Tayvan\u2019dan bahsediyoruz. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, siyasal akt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Tayvan\u2026<\/p>\n

Egemen \u00c7in, savunmac\u0131 Tayvan<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in-Tayvan ili\u015fkilerinde s\u00fcrecin tehditlerle dolu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 bir s\u00fcrece girmesinde k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131n\u0131n 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u015ei Cinping\u2019in devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koltu\u011funa oturmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan s\u00fcreci belirlemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\u015ei Cinping, \u00c7in\u2019in o d\u00f6neme kadar ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik kalk\u0131nma s\u00fcrecini bir sonraki a\u015famaya ta\u015f\u0131mada yeni ve alternatif a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirirken, bunun siyasal pl\u00e2ndaki projelerini ve getirilerini de hesaba katm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, bir yandan \u00f6zellikle Hong Kong ve Tayvan gibi iki b\u00f6lgede tam bir siyasal hakimiyet sergilemek istemesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bununla birlikte, Hong Kong \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge stat\u00fcs\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131rken, Tayvan de facto<\/em> ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke niteli\u011finde.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Hong Kong\u2019un sahip oldu\u011fu \u2018\u00f6zerk yap\u0131s\u0131\u2019na e\u015flik eden ve baz\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla, bir anlamda s\u00f6zde teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nan, demokratik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan geriye, pek de fazla bir \u015fey kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Tayvan ise, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerle iktidara gelen Demokratik Geli\u015fimci Parti (Democratic Progressive Party<\/em>-DPP) lideri, ba\u015fbakan Tsai Ing-wen\u2019in, Pekin\u2019den gelen siyasal r\u00fczg\u00e2ra diren\u00e7li politikalar\u0131na konu oluyor.<\/p>\n

2016 se\u00e7imlerinde gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00f6ylemini sahiplenen DPP\u2019nin iktidar olmas\u0131nda, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz Tayvan halk\u0131n\u0131n sessiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun karar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u201cSessiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun\u201d bu siyasi karar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda, \u015ei Cinping\u2019in her \u015fart ve ko\u015fulda Tayvan\u2019\u0131 kendi b\u00fcnyesine katma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini y\u00fcksek sesle dile getirmesi yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde bahsetti\u011fim, Hong Kong\u2019da d\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Forum, \u00f6nemli bir s\u00fcrece i\u015faret ediyor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, bir yandan ABD-\u00c7in aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ortam\u0131n veya kimi \u00e7evrelerin ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00fczere, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f atmosferinin kendini fazlaca hissettirdi\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinde bu ve benzeri akademik ve entelekt\u00fcel etkinliklerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da Tayvan sorununun sadece, ABD ve \u00c7in gibi iki k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131nda kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Aksine, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin de siyaset d\u00fcnyas\u0131, akademi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131yla s\u00fcreci en do\u011fru \u015fekilde anlama ve t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik eksenli yap\u0131lanman\u0131n hakimiyetini tesis y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7aba sergilemelerine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 20.01.2022 ABD ile \u00c7in halk Cumhuriyeti aras\u0131nda […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4312,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4311"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4311\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}