{"id":4147,"date":"2021-11-03T08:18:44","date_gmt":"2021-11-03T08:18:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4147"},"modified":"2021-11-03T08:18:44","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T08:18:44","slug":"kuresel-iklim-zirvesi-yapildi-simdi-sira-icraatta-the-global-climate-summit-done-now-its-time-to-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/kuresel-iklim-zirvesi-yapildi-simdi-sira-icraatta-the-global-climate-summit-done-now-its-time-to-act\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcresel iklim zirvesi yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eimdi s\u0131ra icraatta \/ The global climate summit done. Now it\u2019s time to act"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay 10.09.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

Glasgow\u2019da, 1-2 Kas\u0131m g\u00fcnlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar Konferans\u0131 26 (Conference of the Parties<\/em>-COP26) ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan iklim zirvesi pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6nleriyle ele al\u0131nmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada sera etkisini olu\u015fmas\u0131, yan\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n artmas\u0131, buzullar\u0131n erimesi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde, ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 do\u011fal afetlerin meydana gelmesi, hatta halen tecr\u00fcbe etmekte oldu\u011fumuz pandemi gibi k\u00fcresel kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ortak insanl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 olarak anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Glasgow\u2019daki zirve, baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli eksikliklerine ra\u011fmen, uzunca bir s\u00fcredir beklenen toplant\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle de, gayet \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Temel kararlar ve baz\u0131 \u00e7ekinceler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hemen k\u0131saca, al\u0131nan belli ba\u015fl\u0131 kararlar nedir diye bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle, ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden\u2019\u0131n karbon emisyonu \u00fcretiminde ikinci s\u0131rada bulunan \u00fclkesinin 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda karbon emisyonunu s\u0131f\u0131ra \u00e7ekece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin bu hedefi yakalay\u0131p yakalamayacaklar\u0131 ise me\u00e7hul. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kalk\u0131nma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda rakibi \u00c7in\u2019in gerisinde kalmak istemeyen Hindistan 2070 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kendisine hedef se\u00e7mi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada \u00f6zellikle, ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Biden\u2019in d\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u00fczerine basa basa s\u00f6yledi\u011fi ger\u00e7ek yani, \u00c7in ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n zirveye i\u015ftirak etmemesi \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok\u00e7a durulmas\u0131 gereken bir konu\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle, \u00c7in\u2019in Glasgow\u2019daki toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131lmayarak, d\u00fcnya kamuoyuna sorumlulu\u011funu gizli a\u00e7\u0131k ortaya koydu\u011funa de\u011finiyordu Biden. Nihayetinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok karbon emisyonu \u00fcreten birinci ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkesi bulunuyor. \u00c7in karbon yak\u0131tlar\u0131n t\u00fcketimiyle d\u00fcnyada olu\u015fan kirlili\u011fin y\u00fczde 28\u2019ini \u00fcretiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015ei Cinpig toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131lmasada g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi heyet \u00c7in\u2019in fosil yak\u0131tlarla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini belirterek \u00c7in\u2019i su\u00e7layan yakla\u015f\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermesi dikkat \u00e7ekiciydi.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu iki kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelesinin toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmamas\u0131, al\u0131nmak istenen tedbirler konusunda geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir konsens\u00fcs konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda bunlar\u0131n ne denli ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir \u015fekilde ortaya konulaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda da \u00e7ekinceleri i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00c7in ve Rusya gibi Bat\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle de, Anglo-Sakson d\u00fcnyas\u0131na muhalifli\u011fiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan iki \u00f6nemli d\u00fcnya g\u00fcc\u00fc toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131, zirvede arzu edilen tart\u0131\u015fma ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku yok. ABD devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden\u2019\u0131n son g\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda, bu durum kendini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, \u00e7e\u015fitli anla\u015fmalara imza atan \u00fclke say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n niceliksel boyutunun yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de vurgulamakta yarar var.<\/p>\n

Pandemi s\u00fcreci hassasiyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Glasgow\u2019daki iklim zirvesinin, \u015fu anki rakamlarla d\u00fcnyada be\u015f milyonun \u00fczerinde insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na mal olan, \u00f6nemli ekonomik darbo\u011fazlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an ve hen\u00fcz sona ermemi\u015f pandemi s\u00fcrecinde, k\u00fcresel toplumun insani hassasiyetlerini yans\u0131tan bir y\u00f6n\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini merkeze alan bu k\u00fcresel zirvenin, d\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131na ne vaad etti\u011fi konusu \u00f6nemli. Zirvede ev sahibi \u0130ngiltere ile ABD\u2019nin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hissedildi\u011fine ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc podyumda yer alan \u00fc\u00e7 isim asl\u0131nda bunu sembolik olarak ortaya koyuyordu. Ortada Joe Biden\u2019in oldu\u011fu solunda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler genel sekreteri Antonio Guterte ile ev sahibi konumundaki \u0130ngiliz ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Borris Johson\u2026<\/p>\n

Borris Johnson, k\u00fcresel toplumun bug\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulundu\u011fu tehlikeyi k\u0131yamet senaryosuyla ortaya koyarken, gizli a\u00e7\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcrel egemen bir yap\u0131 kazand\u0131rmak ad\u0131na, \u0130ngiliz film end\u00fcstrisinin \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u2019 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden James Bond<\/em> filmindeki bir olguya g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini nas\u0131l anlamal\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde do\u011fal afetler \u015feklinde pop\u00fclerle\u015ftirilen ve k\u00fcresel kamuoyuna ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan konunun asl\u0131nda, salt k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve petrol t\u00fcketimi, hidro elektrik ve n\u00fckleer santrallar, ormanlar\u0131n tar\u0131m arazilerine a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 vb. baz\u0131 alt yap\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmesinden ibaret de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Ya da, bir baska deyi\u015fle sadece, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n karbon emisyonu \u00fcreten t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerinin, s\u00f6z konusu bu emisyonu belirli bir seviyenin alt\u0131na indirmesiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir olgu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Karbon emisyonuna yol a\u00e7an sadece k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve petrol gibi karbon yak\u0131tlar\u0131 g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulan t\u00fcketim s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle ilintili konular de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel toplumun bu temel hammadde ve enerji \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin t\u00fcm ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bi\u00e7imlendirici \u00f6zelli\u011fini anlamadan, herhangi bir \u00fclke y\u00f6neticisinden ba\u015flayarak sokaktaki s\u0131radan vatanda\u015fa kadar de\u011fi\u015fim zincirini hakk\u0131yla yerine getirmesini beklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Glasgow\u2019un sembolik de\u011feri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ni\u00e7in Glasgow \u015fehri se\u00e7ildi diye sormakta yarar var. \u0130ngiltere ve K\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131\u2019nda 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan tedrici de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde Glasgow \u015fehri, deniz ticareti ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ve zamanla Avrupa\u2019dan ith\u00e2l etti\u011fi hammadde \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle imal\u00e2t sanayini geli\u015ftiren ve b\u00f6ylece \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin end\u00fcstrile\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli pay sahibi olan \u015fehirlerden. Yani, Glasgow ticaret kapitalizminden sanayi kapizalizmine ge\u00e7i\u015fte ana damarlardan birini olu\u015ftuyordu.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine bu \u015fehrin se\u00e7ilmesinin gelinen noktada bizatihi iklim de\u011fi\u015fimli\u011fi s\u00fcrecinde \u00fcretti\u011fi sanayile\u015fmesiyle, karbon emisyonlar\u0131yla, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fiyle kayda de\u011fer rol alm\u0131\u015f olan bir \u015fehrin se\u00e7ilmesinde, ironik bir durumda kendini ortaya koyuyor. \u015e\u00f6yle bir arg\u00fcman da geli\u015ftirilebilir tabii ki\u2026 Aradan ge\u00e7en uzun d\u00f6nemler sonras\u0131nda, art\u0131k Glasgow b\u00f6yle bir kirlilik kayna\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, ya da en az\u0131ndan ilk s\u0131ralarda yer alm\u0131yor. Asl\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi gereken de tam buras\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Glasgow \u00f6rne\u011finden devam etmekte yarar var\u2026 Nihayetinde ortada ge\u00e7mi\u015fte olu\u015fturulan bir prototip olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci var\u2026 \u015eu yan\u0131lsama tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmemek gerekir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin \u2018kat\u0131 sanayile\u015fmeyi\u2019 a\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u2018smart<\/em> sanayile\u015fmeye\u2019 ad\u0131m att\u0131klar\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131 ile art\u0131k d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kirletenlerin Bat\u0131l\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler ve toplumlar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 aksine, \u201c\u00f6tekiler\u201d oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylemi bug\u00fcn gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k ortaya konmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel kapitalizm ve su\u00e7lular<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada \u00c7in\u2019in, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n, Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n ve bunlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan gelmekte olan geli\u015fmekte olan di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin sorumlu tutulmak istenmesinin ard\u0131nda, yukar\u0131da k\u0131sac dikkat \u00e7ekilen tarihsel ba\u011flam unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu ba\u011flam\u0131 olu\u015fturan, kendini k\u00fcresel y\u00f6netim ve ekonomi modelinin rol bi\u00e7imlendiricisi olarak ortaya koyan Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tam da kendisi. Kaba ve kat\u0131 sanayile\u015fmenin k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleri, petrol sondaj ve \u00fcretim merkezleri, ormanlar\u0131 ve tar\u0131m arazilerini ortadan kald\u0131ran dev hidro elektri santralleri, n\u00fckleer santraller gibi dev yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda do\u011fa \u00fczerinde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ve Kuzey Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bizatihi kendisidir.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik ve kalk\u0131nmac\u0131 modernle\u015fmeleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan toplumlar\u0131na, \u201c\u2026 Bizim gibi olmak istiyorsan\u0131z, ayn\u0131 yoldan gitmeli, ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ya\u015famal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diyen ve bunun propagandas\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131yla, medya ile, hatta sinema ve e\u011flence sekt\u00f6r\u00fcyle d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmesini sa\u011flayanlar, bug\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fcp \u00c7in\u2019i veya di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00fclkeleri su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 rasyonel bir tutum \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde kullanmakta vazge\u00e7ti\u011fi ara\u00e7 ve mekanizmalar\u0131, bununla birlikte, mutlaka \u00fcretilmesi gereken onbinlerce \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyacak \u015fekilde do\u011funun ve g\u00fcneyin kalk\u0131nmakta olan \u00fclkelerine ihra\u00e7 etmelerinde bir masumiyet aramak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmayan \u00c7in\u2019i \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli husus \u015fu anki verilerle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok karbon emisyonu \u00fcreten \u00fclkesi olmas\u0131. Bunda \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak bir \u015fey yok, asl\u0131nda. Ne de bu durum \u015fayet k\u00fcresel bir sorumluluk y\u00fckl\u00fcyorsa bunu tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcstlenecek olan da \u00c7in olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik modernle\u015fmeye kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve bilin\u00e7li olarak ad\u0131m atmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1970\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren giderek end\u00fcstrile\u015fmesinde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n imal\u00e2t merkezi haline gelmesinde salt \u00c7in siyasi elitinin rol\u00fc bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

O g\u00fcnlere d\u00f6n\u00fcp bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ABD\u2019nin So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan, 2. D\u00fcnya olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi (SSCB) ve uydu \u00fclkelerine kar\u015f\u0131 kapitalizmin, y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda ve gelecek y\u00fczy\u0131l yani 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda nas\u0131l bir yap\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri ve hatta pl\u00e2nlamalar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, salt bir ekonomi sistemi olarak de\u011fil, g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famda s\u0131radan bireylerin ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir siyasal, sosyo-ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kapitalizmin her daim kendisini yenileme ihtiyac\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u00c7in kapitalist blo\u011fa davet edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini g\u00fcndeme getiren Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler gibi k\u00fcresel yap\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u0131yamet senarsoyu \u00e7izenler ile hay\u0131r b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey s\u00f6z konusu yok, do\u011fa kendisini yeniler diyenler veya insano\u011flunun geli\u015fme seviyelerini dikkate alarak \u201cbu sorunun da \u00fcstesinden geliriz\u201d diyenlerin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sona ermi\u015f de\u011fli. Bu noktada, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konusu bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli konular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geldi\u011fine ise ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 03.11.2021 Glasgow\u2019da, 1-2 Kas\u0131m g\u00fcnlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, Birle\u015fmi\u015f […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}