{"id":3724,"date":"2021-02-08T20:30:37","date_gmt":"2021-02-08T20:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3724"},"modified":"2021-02-09T15:07:53","modified_gmt":"2021-02-09T15:07:53","slug":"myanmarda-darbe-toplumsal-tepki-ve-aseanda-celiski-the-coup-and-reactions-in-myanyar-and-dilemma-in-asean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/myanmarda-darbe-toplumsal-tepki-ve-aseanda-celiski-the-coup-and-reactions-in-myanyar-and-dilemma-in-asean\/","title":{"rendered":"Myanmar\u2019da darbe, toplumsal tepki ve ASEAN\u2019da \u00e7eli\u015fki \/ The coup and reactions in Myanyar and dilemma in ASEAN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay 10.09.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da bir hafta \u00f6nce, 1 \u015eubat sabah\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen askeri darbenin ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkede toplum kesimlerinin tepkiselli\u011fi ve hareketlili\u011fi g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fta ABD ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler olmak \u00fczere uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evreler, Myanmar\u2019da ordu y\u00f6netimine darbeye son verme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na devam ediyor.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, Myanmar\u2019\u0131n \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi\u2019nden (Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN) gelen \u00e7eli\u015fkili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ise bu b\u00f6lgesel yap\u0131n\u0131n siyasi birli\u011fe ne denli ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu bir kez daha kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Darbe kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6steriler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Darbe g\u00fcn\u00fc ve ertesinde sosyal medya eri\u015fimlerini kesen ordu y\u00f6netimine y\u00f6nelik kitlesel tepkilerin \u00f6zellikle, hafta sonunda ba\u015flayarak birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr devam etmesi, farkl\u0131 haberle\u015fme kanallar\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli toplum kesimlerinin darbecilere y\u00f6nelik tepkiyi ortaya koymalar\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6sterilerde Ulusal Demokrasi Birli\u011fi (National League for Democracy<\/em>-NLD) lideri Suu Kyi\u2019nin posterlerine yer verilmesi, parti mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n bu g\u00f6sterilerin ard\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkenin ba\u015fkenti Nay Pyi Daw, eski ba\u015fkent ve ticaret \u015fehri Yangon ile Mandalay gibi \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinde kalabal\u0131klar meydanlar\u0131 doldururken, ordu \u015fu ana kadar sert bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, baz\u0131 \u015fehirlerde soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 uygulamas\u0131na gecilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, kitleler kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeleri halinde, ortaya \u015fiddet i\u00e7erikli bir tablonun \u00e7\u0131kabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Darbeye konu olan Myanmar\u2019da halk\u0131n elektrik eri\u015fiminin bile y\u00fczde k\u0131rklarda olmas\u0131, ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rler, darbe kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6sterilerin belirli \u015fehirlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 akla getiriyor.<\/p>\n

Son birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00f6sterilere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu geli\u015fmeyi \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan husus, ba\u015fta sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli meslek gruplar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00fclkenin kuzey-kuzeydo\u011fusu\u2019ndaki Kachin etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da destek vermesidir.<\/p>\n

Burada \u00f6zellikle, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n, ya\u015fanan kovid-19 nedeniyle toplumsal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin fark\u0131nda olarak topluma yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, bas\u0131n organlar\u0131nda baz\u0131 Budist yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6sterilerde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylense de, bunlar\u0131n bireysel kat\u0131l\u0131mlar oldu\u011fu, \u00f6rne\u011fin 1988 ve 2007\u2018deki gibi kayda de\u011fer bir \u00e7o\u011funlukta Budist rahipler meydanlarda yer alm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

En az\u0131ndan \u015fu anki durumda b\u00f6ylesine bir geli\u015fme yok. Ancak rahiplerin kabal\u0131k gruplar halinde meydana inmesi, sivil halk\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edici bir rol oynayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Etnik yap\u0131lar fark olu\u015fturabilir <\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu kitlesel eylemlerin devaml\u0131l\u0131k arz etmesi ve \u00fclke genelinde ses getirmesi, biraz da \u00a0s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131ndaki Karen, Ka\u00e7in, Shan, Chin, Mon ve Rakhine b\u00f6lgelerindeki etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131n da t\u0131pk\u0131 Kachinler gibi seslerini y\u00fckseltmelerinden ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, ortada gayet \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7eli\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor. \u00fclkede var oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen ya da en az\u0131ndan ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131ndaki demokratik ya\u015famda tek akt\u00f6r\u00fcn Suu Kyi olmas\u0131 ve gerek se\u00e7imlerin gerekse \u015fu anda darbe sonras\u0131 s\u00fcrecin bu siyaset\u00e7i merkezli y\u00fcr\u00fcmesi asl\u0131nda demokrasinin ne denli yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan son on y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde, kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131, \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131ndaki etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131n hak ve taleplerinin verilmesi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck umutlar beslenen Panglong Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kal\u0131c\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememi\u015f olmas\u0131, \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m ile bu kitlenin \u00fclkeden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmelerinde, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmemesinde ortaya gayet sorunlu bir demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcreci oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 bask\u0131lardan s\u00f6z edilebilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerin tepkilerinin \u00f6zellikle ABD\u2019de yeni y\u00f6netimin Myanmar\u2019a yapt\u0131r\u0131m karar\u0131 al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 il\u00e2n etmesinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, s\u00f6zde bir eylemden ba\u015fka bir anlam ifade etmiyor.<\/p>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan yani, Barack Obama d\u00f6neminden itibaren Myanmar\u2019daki demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine destek veren ABD ekonomik yard\u0131mlar\u0131 devlet kurumlar\u0131ndan ziyade \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re ve sivil toplum kurumlar\u0131na yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ve ba\u015fta darbenin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki general Min Augn Hlaing olmak \u00fczere \u00f6nde gelen baz\u0131 ordu mensuplar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar zaten mevcut durumda.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkenin Bat\u0131s\u0131nda Rakhine Eyaleti\u2019nde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Arakanl\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan sorumlu tutulan bu askerlere 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu durumda, ABD\u2019de Joe Biden y\u00f6netiminin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n bir g\u00f6z da\u011f\u0131 vermenin \u00f6tesinde bir anlam\u0131 bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n Bat\u0131\u2019dan ibaret olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te Myanmar y\u00f6netimi ve \u00f6zellikle de ordu gayet iyi biliyor. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131nama ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ordunun \u00c7in, \u0130srail, Vietnam ve Rusya gibi \u00fclkelerle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, sadece askeri ili\u015fki ile de\u011ferlendirilemeyecek boyutlar ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

ABD y\u00f6netimi, Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla general Hlaing\u2019a yapt\u0131r\u0131mda bulunurken, o d\u00f6nemde ve 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda, den Haag\u2019da Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Mahkemesi\u2019ndeki yarg\u0131lanmada M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lanlar\u0131 savunan ve b\u00f6ylece a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00fclke ordusuyla yan yana duran Syu Kii\u2019ye veya NLD h\u00fck\u00fcmetine y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcndeme getirilmedi.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00fclkedeki s\u00f6zde demokratik ya\u015fam\u0131nda Suu Kyi\u2019den ba\u015fka ikinci bir ismin ortada bulunmamas\u0131. Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda muhatap olarak sadece Suu Kyi\u2019i bulmas\u0131, ona y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir siyasi yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirilmesine bile mani oluyor.<\/p>\n

ASEAN \u00e7eli\u015fkisi a\u015f\u0131labilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi (Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN) \u00fclkelerinden gelen tepkiler ise, b\u00f6lgesel birli\u011fin arzu edilir siyasi bir yap\u0131la\u015fma g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini bir kez daha ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Neredeyse her \u00fclke kendi \u2018reel-politi\u011fi\u2019 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde konuyu ele al\u0131rken, \u00f6zellikle Malezya ve Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n bizatihi kendi politikalar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakmalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00e7eli\u015fkilerle dolu.<\/p>\n

2008 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu 2009 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015f g\u00f6steren teknelerle g\u00f6\u00e7 hadiselerinde, binlerce Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, deniz ve iklim \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n en bat\u0131s\u0131nda, Kuzey Sumatra\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131rken, k\u0131smen karadan ancak \u00e7o\u011funlukla sahil b\u00f6lgelerinden Malezya\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara y\u00f6nelik uygulanan resmi politikalar ortada.<\/p>\n

Malezya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerde ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k insan tacirlerince Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131, Ramazan ay\u0131nda Kuala Lumpur\u2019un merkezinde bask\u0131nlara maruz b\u0131rak\u0131larak s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmeleri, Tayland s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 zulm\u00fcn sonucu olarak toplu mezarlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 vb. \u00f6rnekler Arakan sorununun sadece Myanmar s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda konu\u015fulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

ASEAN genel sekreterli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olan merhum Surin Putsiwan (2008-2012) dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere, ASEAN i\u00e7erisinde siyasi birlik yoluna ad\u0131m atacak ve bunun mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 kuracak yeni bir yap\u0131lanmaya ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku bulunmuyor. Bat\u0131\u2019ya \u00f6zg\u00fc liberal anlay\u0131\u015f kabul edilmese de, b\u00f6lgenin dini, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihsel de\u011ferlerinden hareketle insan haklar\u0131 vb. konularda yeni a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlara ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu bug\u00fcn daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 08.02.2021 Myanmar\u2019da bir hafta \u00f6nce, 1 \u015eubat […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3728,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-myanmar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3724"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3724\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}