{"id":3678,"date":"2021-01-17T19:59:16","date_gmt":"2021-01-17T19:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3678"},"modified":"2021-01-19T18:42:18","modified_gmt":"2021-01-19T18:42:18","slug":"abdde-asya-pasifik-ya-da-hint-pasifik-secimi-choice-of-asia-pacific-or-indo-pacific-in-the-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/abdde-asya-pasifik-ya-da-hint-pasifik-secimi-choice-of-asia-pacific-or-indo-pacific-in-the-us\/","title":{"rendered":"ABD\u2019de Asya-Pasifik ya da Hint-Pasifik se\u00e7imi \/ Choice of Asia-Pacific or Indo-Pacific in the US"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay 10.09.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de yeni ba\u015fkan Joe Biden ve ekibi g\u00f6revi \u00fcstlenmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, ya\u015fanan sivil darbe giri\u015fiminin<\/a> ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fkanl\u0131k s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flar\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli konunun ulusal birli\u011fi tesis oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, ABD gibi bir \u00fclkenin uluslararas\u0131 politikay\u0131 ertelemeyecek kadar, son derece \u00f6nemli \u00f6nceliklere sahiptir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Biden y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6n\u00fcnde en zorlu d\u0131\u015f politika konular\u0131ndan birini Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesi olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Oda\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in bulundu\u011fu Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesel politikas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, ABD\u2019de yeni y\u00f6netimin ne t\u00fcr siyasi ve ekonomik paradigmalarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 merak konusudur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te Asya-Pasifik gibi gayet jeo-stratejik ve jeo-ekonomik \u00f6neme sahip b\u00f6lgede, ABD\u2019nin belki yan\u0131nda bulmakta zorlanmayaca\u011f\u0131 tarihsel ortaklar\u0131 kadar, yeni ortaklara da ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Asya-Pasifik temelli b\u00f6lgesel siyasetin, yeni bir ekonomik \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirip de\u011ferlendirilmeyece\u011fi konusu ise \u00f6nemli bir husustur.<\/p>\n

Bununla, kastedilen husus ABD uluslararas\u0131 siyaset yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n akl\u0131nda rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lan ancak, potansiyel de\u011feri ve \u00f6nemi devam eden Trans Pasifik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement<\/em>-TPPA) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Asya-Pasifik mi yoksa yeni ba\u011flam\u0131yla Hint-Pasifik mi bulunuyor sorusudur.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, acaba ABD\u2019de Joe Biden y\u00f6netimi Asya-Pasifik\u2019e geri mi d\u00f6necek yoksa, Asya-Pasifik\u2019e alternatif olarak ad\u0131 artarak g\u00fcndeme gelen Hint-Pasifik kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 eko-politik d\u00fczeyde yap\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131rmaya m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak?<\/p>\n

Son derece \u00f6nemli bu iki b\u00f6lgesel olu\u015fumun ne anlama geldi\u011fine k\u0131saca bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Asya-Pasifik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asya-Pasifik, ad\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi olan on \u00fcye \u00fclkeli G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi\u2019nden (Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN) hareketle, Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019na kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler ile Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda yine Pasifik\u2019e kom\u015fu baz\u0131 \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgesel birlik olgusu, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Canberra\u2019da on iki \u00fclke \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle Asya-Pasifik Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation<\/em>-APEC) ad\u0131yla yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7te 21 \u00fcye \u00fclke ula\u015fmas\u0131yla Asya-Pasifik\u2019in giderek kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemi ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu ekonomik temelli bu yap\u0131, asl\u0131nda Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin Pasifik ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, ticaret ve ekonomik i\u015fbirliklerine dayal\u0131 olarak geldi\u011fi noktay\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ASEAN\u2019\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kataliz\u00f6r i\u015flevi kadar, \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6nce 1991\u2019de bu birli\u011fe \u00fcyeli\u011fi ve ard\u0131ndan 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (World Trade Organization<\/em>-WTO) \u00fcye kabul edilmesi, hem b\u00f6lgesel hem k\u00fcresel ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fma \u00fczerindeki etkisinin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemeyecek bir fakt\u00f6r oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en otuz y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre sonras\u0131nda, ABD\u2019de Barack Obama d\u00f6nemi Asya-Pasifik\u2019e yeni bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m getirme amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da zikredilen \u00fclkelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirmesi ve deste\u011fiyle de ABD\u2019nin Asya-Pasifik \u00f6ncelikli yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na karar veri\u015fi b\u00f6lgede denizcilik, ticaret ve ekonomik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar gibi askeri niteliklerin ikincil pl\u00e2nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren, daha \u00e7ok sivil ve yu\u015fumak g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fumuna zemin haz\u0131rlama e\u011filimi g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n

Hint-Pasifik g\u00fcndemi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, Hint-Pasifik ise, ad\u0131n\u0131 ilk defa \u015einzo Abe\u2019nin ilk ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Hindistan ziyaretinde ad\u0131n\u0131 zikretti\u011fi yeni bir b\u00f6lgesel tan\u0131mlamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015einzo Abe\u2019nin g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi bu yeni politika ile, salt ABD \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lgede korumay\u0131 hedefledi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek pek de rasyonel bir tutuma i\u015faret etmiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, Abe\u2019nin bu b\u00f6lgesel yap\u0131la\u015fma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini g\u00fcndeme getirmesinden birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra, \u00c7in ekonomik kalk\u0131nmada Japonya\u2019y\u0131 geride b\u0131rakarak ABD\u2019den sonra ikinci s\u0131raya ge\u00e7mesi gayet anlaml\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Japonya\u2019da siyasilerin gelece\u011fi yap\u0131land\u0131rmada, \u00c7in\u2019in giderek artan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcp yeni bir b\u00f6lgesel ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralama d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin, Hint-Pasifik kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na ve bunun prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irilme niyetine y\u00f6nelik endi\u015feleri oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 Japonya\u2019n\u0131n bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n gayet yerinde oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada, ABD\u2019de baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerin \u201cABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemiyle\u201d Hint-Pasifik\u2019e at\u0131fta bulunuyorlar.<\/p>\n

TPPA\u2019m\u0131 yoksa Hint-Pasifik\u2019mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Barack Obama d\u00f6neminde, \u201821. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Asya \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019 paradigmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde gayet \u00f6zenle yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Asya-Pasifik politikas\u0131n\u0131n nihai sonucu kabul edilen TPPA, Biden y\u00f6netimince yeniden ele al\u0131nabilecek mi?<\/p>\n

Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 ABD kadar, belki de daha da \u00f6nemlisi b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan verilecektir.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz \u00fczere, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle liberal ekonomi ve serbest ticaret eksenli yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken Japonya, Singapur, Avustralya, G\u00fcney Kore gibi \u00fclkelerin anahtar rol oynayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n, \u201c\u00d6nce Amerika\u201d slogan\u0131 etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 eko-politik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na muhalif g\u00f6rmesiyle, s\u00f6z konusu TPPA\u2019y\u0131 imzalamay\u0131 reddetti\u011fi ve onun yerine, Hint-Pasifik kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na dayal\u0131 yeni bir b\u00f6lgesel form\u00fclasyon sundu\u011fu biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Bu haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ancak, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cABD Hind-Pasifik Stratejik \u00c7er\u00e7evesi\u201d ad\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme gelmesi ve muhtemelen Trump\u2019\u0131n 2020 se\u00e7imlerini yeniden kazanaca\u011f\u0131 umuduyla ikinci d\u00f6nem politikalar\u0131nda gayet \u00f6nemli bir yer tutaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor olmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu hafta Washington\u2019da ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini teslim alacak olan Joe Biden y\u00f6netiminin, Hint-Pasifik politikas\u0131n\u0131n mevcut haliyle veya revize edilerek prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irilebilirli\u011fine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131y\u0131p tan\u0131mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131nda g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, ya\u015fanabilecek en \u00f6nemli handikap hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Trump-Biden y\u00f6netimleri s\u00fcreklili\u011finin olup olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de daha kampanya d\u00f6neminden bu yana ya\u015fananlar, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir ortamda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarken, bu durumun, Trump\u2019dan Biden\u2019e devredilecek d\u0131\u015f politika konular\u0131n\u0131n da hak etti\u011fi \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendiril\/e\/medi\u011fine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019a Harris form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biden y\u00f6netiminde ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Hindistan k\u00f6kenli Kamala Harris\u2019in, Hint-Pasifik politikalar\u0131na ne gibi katk\u0131s\u0131 olabilece\u011fi de, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Beyaz Saray\u2019da g\u00fcndeme gelen konular aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Asya-Pasifik\u2019teki \u00fclkelerle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fi lke n\u00fcfusunun ve b\u00f6lgeleri aras\u0131nda e\u015fitsiz da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada olan ve bu anlamda rekabet\u00e7i niteliklere haiz olmayan Hindistan\u2019\u0131n ABD\u2019nin deste\u011fine muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak, yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca i\u00e7e kapal\u0131, merkeziyet\u00e7i nitelikleriyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Hindistan\u2019da \u00f6zellikle son d\u00f6nemde haklar ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle sars\u0131lan toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n ve Nazizme<\/em> \u00f6zg\u00fc s\u00f6ylemleriyle dikkat \u00e7eken iki d\u00f6nemdir iktidarda olan BJP y\u00f6netiminin, sadece Harris fakt\u00f6r\u00fcyle b\u00f6lgesel politikalara entegre edilebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gayet zor.<\/p>\n

ABD i\u00e7in zorlu d\u00f6nem<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir var olan aktif Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgeselcili\u011finde, merkezi belirleyicili\u011fin \u00c7in ile ABD aras\u0131nda bir rekabete yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu rekabetin, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda \u201cB\u00f6lgesel Kapsaml\u0131 Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi\u201d (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership<\/em>-RCEP) ad\u0131yla yeni bir ticari i\u015fbirli\u011fi inisiyatifine ye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131k yak\u0131lmas\u0131yla somut bir nitelik kazanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015ei Cinping bu anla\u015fmaya at\u0131fla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, yeni d\u00f6nemin k\u00fcresel serbest ticaretinin lokomotifinin \u00fclkesi oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\n

Bunun, sadece Trump y\u00f6netimine y\u00f6nelik hasmane bir tutumla g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f bir s\u00f6ylem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine temelde ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ve \u00f6zellikle de, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fmaya at\u0131fla reel bir d\u00fczeyde seyretti\u011fini ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde geli\u015fen ve k\u00fcresel ekonomiyi de yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren Asya-Pasifik merkezli RCEP kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Biden y\u00f6netiminin elinde potansiyel olarak Hint-Pasifik kozu bulunuyor<\/p>\n

Hint-Pasifik politikas\u0131 san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sadece ABD\u2019din g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde y\u00f6nlendirilecek b\u00f6lgesel bir yap\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te en az\u0131ndan, isim babas\u0131n\u0131n Japonya\u2019n\u0131n, b\u00f6lgede kataliz\u00f6r i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren ve \u00c7in\u2019le oldu\u011fu gibi Hindistan\u2019la da iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirme arzusunda oldu\u011funu beyan eden ASEAN\u2019\u0131n geli\u015fmelerde s\u00f6z sahibi olmak isteyece\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 17.01.2021 ABD\u2019de yeni ba\u015fkan Joe Biden ve […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3678"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3678\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}