{"id":2288,"date":"2018-02-21T18:26:44","date_gmt":"2018-02-21T18:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2288"},"modified":"2018-02-21T18:26:44","modified_gmt":"2018-02-21T18:26:44","slug":"somurgecilik-ve-tarih-colonialism-and-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/somurgecilik-ve-tarih-colonialism-and-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Colonialism and History \/ Colonialism and History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay 23.06.2018<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik ve tarih ili\u015fkisi hem neden hem sonu\u00e7 olmakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken iki olguya i\u015faret eder. Bildik ve yayg\u0131n anlam\u0131yla s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Portekiz kral\u0131 Denizci Henry\u2019le ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r. Mahlas\u0131n\u0131n da ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00fczere Henry, bir yandan Akdeniz \u00f6te yandan k\u0131tadaki hanedanl\u0131klar ve imparatorluklar \u00e7eki\u015fmeleri aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n ancak denizler sayesinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6ren ve d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re rasyonel bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi hayata ge\u00e7irebilen bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olarak an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tabii burada uzun uzad\u0131ya s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik evrelerine konu olan milletleri s\u0131ralamak ve onlar\u0131n hikayelerini dizmek amac\u0131nda de\u011filim. Aksine, daha geni\u015f bir perspektifle s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6tekiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 beraberinde getirir. Bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma tesad\u00fcfi olabildi\u011fi gibi, kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve bilinci bir hedef se\u00e7imiyle de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olabilir. Ancak bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 \u2018tan\u0131\u015fma\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rman\u0131n, Avrupa s\u00f6m\u00fcrge tarihi i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu olabilece\u011fi epeyce ku\u015fku g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de ifade etmeliyiz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6teki, yani bildik anlam\u0131yla bir insan toplumuna at\u0131f yerine, \u00f6teki co\u011frafya, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, dil, gibi unsurlar\u0131yla da kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Her ne kadar, bir insan toplumu bunlara i\u00e7kin olsa da, bu olgular\u0131 tek tek ele almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcrge g\u00fc\u00e7leri, \u2018\u00f6teki co\u011frafya\u2019ya ula\u015fmalar\u0131na neden olan baz\u0131 kay\u0131tl\u0131 bilgiler veya bunlara eklemlenen baz\u0131 tesad\u00fcflerle hareket etseler de, ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ad verilmesi gereken bir kara par\u00e7as\u0131 vard\u0131r \u00f6nlerinde. Ad verme i\u015fi \u00f6ylesine kapsaml\u0131d\u0131r ki, neredeyse hi\u00e7bir do\u011fal ve tabii nesne bundan ka\u00e7amaz. Bu adland\u0131rmaya nesnelerinin bir nehir, bir da\u011f, bir orman, bir ada, bir adalar grubuyla \u00e7evrili bo\u011faz\/lar, bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kabile, bir dini inan\u00e7 olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir neden yok.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asl\u0131nda bu tastamam, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan her ne ise, onu bilin\u00e7alt\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcyle veya gayet donan\u0131ml\u0131 bir bilin\u00e7li eylemle \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019 olarak temellendirmenin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, yani \u2018ad verme\u2019 edimi, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u2018\u00f6tekinin\u2019 tarihini yazman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 safhas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bununla birlikte, bat\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecinin \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019 ile konu\u015fma ediminden ba\u015flayarak sosyal bir ili\u015fki \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fc olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aksine, baz\u0131 \u015fartlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bu ili\u015fkiyi kurmakta istekli davran\u0131r ve buna uygun zemini a\u00e7may\u0131 da ihmal etmez. Ancak bu s\u00fcreci y\u00f6nlendirme hakk\u0131n\u0131 da kendini bularak bunu prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irir. Bu anlamda, kendisine ad bi\u00e7ilen bir toplulu\u011fun kendini ifade etmesi gayet do\u011fal bir s\u00fcrece tekab\u00fcl eder. Lakin, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci, bu gruba \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde \u015fu veya bu nedenle bir kere ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ile \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019 denilen aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma an\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u2018tarihin\u2019 yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 an\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda, \u2018ad\u0131\u2019 verilen toplulukla girilen sosyal etkile\u015fimin yeterli olmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Bu noktada ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131, yine \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019 olacakt\u0131r. Ancak \u00f6tekinin buradaki i\u015flevi ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktan \u00f6te bir duruma i\u015faret etmemektedir. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ka\u015fif\u2019in yan\u0131nda e\u015flik etmekte olan \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019 bildi\u011fi, tan\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu da\u011f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131, aday\u0131, denizi ona yani s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeciye aktar\u0131rken, bilmedi\u011fi yeni bir tarih yaz\u0131m s\u00fcrecine arac\u0131l\u0131k etti\u011finin fark\u0131nda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burada olduk\u00e7a kritik bir nokta oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekiyor. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecinin anlama u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 da, benzer bir ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya e\u015flik ediyor. \u015eayet ama\u00e7 salt bir \u2018anlama\u2019 u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olsayd\u0131, o halde \u00f6tekinin tarihini yazmaya gerek kalmaz(d\u0131). \u2018\u00d6teki\u2019nin ad verdi\u011fi da\u011f, nehir, ada, suyolu, vadi ve bunlara eklemlenebilecek her ne var ise, hepsinin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci taraf\u0131ndan yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Buraya kadar yaz\u0131lanlardan, \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019nin hi\u00e7li\u011fe tekab\u00fcl edecek bir nesne olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 herhalde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak buradaki tuzak, \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019, kendi zaman ve uzam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde anlaml\u0131 ve donan\u0131ml\u0131 bir yerde konumlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecinin onu bulmas\u0131yla -\u2018ke\u015ffetmesiyle\u2019, bir anda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, manip\u00fcle edilmesi gereken bir nesne konumuna indirgenmesidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 21.02.2018 S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik ve tarih ili\u015fkisi hem neden [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2289,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2288"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2288\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}