{"id":2106,"date":"2017-08-15T13:53:47","date_gmt":"2017-08-15T13:53:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2106"},"modified":"2017-08-15T13:53:47","modified_gmt":"2017-08-15T13:53:47","slug":"helsinki-baris-anlasmasinin-12-yildonumu-ve-bolgenin-kaderi-the-12th-anniversary-of-helsinki-peace-agreement-and-the-fate-of-the-region","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/helsinki-baris-anlasmasinin-12-yildonumu-ve-bolgenin-kaderi-the-12th-anniversary-of-helsinki-peace-agreement-and-the-fate-of-the-region\/","title":{"rendered":"Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 12. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc ve B\u00f6lgenin kaderi \/ The 12th Anniversary of Helsinki Peace Agreement and the Fate of the Region"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a015.08.2017<\/strong><\/p>\n

Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 12. \u00a0y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, bu tarihi geli\u015fmenin A\u00e7e i\u00e7in \u00f6nemine k\u0131saca de\u011finmekte fayda var. A\u00e7e\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hedefleyen hareket 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda faaliyetine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, \u00d6zg\u00fcr A\u00e7e (AM) ve ard\u0131ndan A\u00e7e \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketi (GAM) ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Tarihi ve uluslararas\u0131 referanslarla ve 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Endonezya Cumhuriyeti merkezi y\u00f6netiminin A\u00e7e Eyaleti\u2019ne verdi\u011fi s\u00f6zleri yerine getirmemesi gibi nedenlerle ba\u015flayan hareket ile Endonezya merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda 1976-2005 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcren sava\u015f 15 A\u011fustos 2005 tarihinde Helsinki\u2019de imzalanan anla\u015fma ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Taraflar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik tarihlerde bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yapmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 26 Aral\u0131k 2004 tarihindeki tsunaminin 2004 y\u0131l\u0131 Ekim ay\u0131nda ba\u015flayan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131, ba\u015fta A\u00e7e b\u00f6lgesi olmak \u00fczere, Endonezya ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 ba\u011flamda de\u011ferlendirilmeye matuf y\u00f6nler i\u00e7eriyor. Bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7e toplumuna getirdi\u011fi en \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131m hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, uzun d\u00f6nem sivil kesimlerin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zulm\u00fcn sona ermesidir. Endonezya ordusunun geni\u015f sivil kesimleri hedef alan zulm\u00fcn\u00fc konu alan yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6rsel eserler, o d\u00f6nemin \u015fahidi konumunda. GAM\u2019a mensup sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n da\u011flarda savunma odakl\u0131 verdikleri m\u00fccadele kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Endonezya ordusunun halk\u0131 sindirmek ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lara desteklerini sona erdirmek amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri zulme tan\u0131kl\u0131k edenlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bug\u00fcn halen hayatta. Bu konuda geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir projeyle ya\u015fananlar\u0131 kayda ge\u00e7irmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131, A\u00e7e\u2019nin uzun bir d\u00f6nem u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele verdi\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelmedi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Bunun yerine, A\u00e7e toplumunu siyasi, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlamda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir toplum olmakla elde edebilece\u011fi kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren anla\u015fman\u0131n tatmink\u00e2r oldu\u011fu konusunda bir kanaat hakim. Bununla birlikte, bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131na konu olan d\u00f6neminden kaynaklanan hususiyetleri de dikkate almak gerekir. Bu ba\u011flamda, tsunami ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir neden olurken, Endonezya ulusal politikada Suharto sonras\u0131 reform giri\u015fimine konu oluyordu. Uuluslararas\u0131 ba\u011flamda ise, 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 sarsan geli\u015fmenin G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya m\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n ve de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hareketlerinin de pay ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Endonezya ulusal siyasal ve toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131, geni\u015f kitlelerden uzak tutulan A\u00e7e \u2018olgusunun\u2019 yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi oldu. A\u00e7e\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygulanan s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim nedeniyle Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n halk\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u00e7e birden ulusal g\u00fcndeme oturdu. Ana ak\u0131m medyan\u0131n devlet organlar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda A\u00e7e\u2019de sava\u015fa dair yanl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, hareketin liderinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kadar varan as\u0131ls\u0131z haberlere kadar \u00a0var\u0131yordu. Bir zamanlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc A\u00e7eliler, Cumhuriyet\u2019e sorunlu bir topluluk olarak sunuluyordu. Oysa A\u00e7elilerin 1945 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcrecinde oynad\u0131klar\u0131 rol Cava ve Sumatra halklar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesine \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda A\u00e7e\u2019yi ziyaret eden Sukarno, A\u00e7e\u2019nin cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fundaki rol\u00fcne atfen \u2018A\u00e7e bize model olmu\u015ftur\u2019 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc sarfetmesi resmi tarih kitaplar\u0131ndan ziyade biyografi ve alternatif tarih yaz\u0131mlar\u0131nda yerini al\u0131yordu. A\u00e7e\u2019nin Cumhuriyet\u2019e modelli\u011fi bununla da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildi elbette. A\u00e7e\u2019lilerin \u2018yenilik\u00e7i\u2019 y\u00f6nleri d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem baz\u0131 yasalar\u0131n veya kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6nce A\u00e7e\u2019de uygulanmas\u0131na ve prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irilmesine ard\u0131ndan ulusal d\u00fczeyde uygulanmas\u0131na konu olmu\u015ftur. Bu noktada, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n elde edilmesinin ard\u0131ndan bir ba\u015fka s\u00fcre\u00e7, yani \u00fclkenin temellerinin at\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda da A\u00e7e\u2019nin katk\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. \u00dclkenin kurulu\u015funda da Sukarno liderli\u011finde yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131lara A\u00e7e\u2019den bir ki\u015fi kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ki\u015fi, daha sonra GAM\u2019\u0131 kuracak ki\u015fi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, A\u00e7e\u2019nin \u2018isyank\u00e2r\u2019 bir halk de\u011fil, \u2018\u00f6nc\u00fc\u2019 bir halk oldu\u011funu bizzat devleti kuran irade taraf\u0131ndan ve geni\u015f toplum kesimlerince kabul\u00fcne i\u015faret eder. Ancak A\u00e7elilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k arzusu ve bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olan \u0130slamiyeti genlerine i\u015flemi\u015f bir toplum olarak ya\u015fam\u0131n her alan\u0131nda \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde \u0130slamla ili\u015fkilendirilmemesi, onlar\u0131 merkezi y\u00f6netimler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hak arama m\u00fccadelesine sevk etmi\u015ftir. T\u0131pk\u0131 26 Mart 1873 tarihinde Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin A\u00e7e\u2019yi istila giri\u015fimi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda haklar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel ve uluslararas\u0131 arenada arayan A\u00e7eliler, d\u00f6nemin sultan\u0131 Davud \u015eah\u2019\u0131n ailesinin esir edilmesinin ard\u0131ndan Hollanda ordusuna g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc teslim olmas\u0131ndan hareketle resmi olarak 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitti\u011fi ifade edilen sava\u015f, asl\u0131nda A\u00e7eliler nezdinde sonu\u00e7lanmam\u0131\u015f bir s\u00fcrece tekab\u00fcl eder. Her ne kadar, d\u00f6nemin soylular\u0131 kendi siyasi ve toplumsal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimiyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olsalar da, \u00f6zellikle baz\u0131 alimlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bireysel ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplar halinde gerilla m\u00fccadelesinin neredeyse Japonlar\u0131n 1942 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki i\u015fgaline kadar devam etti\u011fi konusunda da yayg\u0131n bir kanaat hakimdir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere Japonlar\u0131n 15 A\u011fustos 1945 tarihinde teslim bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmesinin ard\u0131ndan \u0130ngilizlerin deste\u011fiyle Cava Adas\u0131\u2019na ve Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019na giren Hollanda birliklerinin eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrge topra\u011f\u0131 dedikleri A\u00e7e\u2019ye gir\/e\/memeleri dikkate \u015fayand\u0131r. 17 A\u011fustos 1945\u2019de Sukarno-Hatta ikilisine \u2018okutturulan\u2019 birka\u00e7 c\u00fcmlelik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bildirgesinin ard\u0131ndan, Tak\u0131madalar\u2019da yeni devletin me\u015fruiyeti A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir toprak\u00a0 par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu konuda da Sukarno\u2019nun A\u00e7e\u2019ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyarette d\u00f6nemin siyasi ve dini lideri Davud Beureuh\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutar.<\/p>\n

Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, \u00f6rne\u011fin benzer \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgeleri Patani ve Mindanao\u2019daki geli\u015fmelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nabilir. Bu iki co\u011frafya, bug\u00fcne kadar bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin arzu edilen noktaya ta\u015f\u0131namam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yla A\u00e7e bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Her ne kadar Patani\u2019de bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci inkitalarla devam etmesine ve Mindanao\u2019da 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moro M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131na \u00f6zerklik verecek \u00e7er\u00e7eve anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Bangkok rejiminin halen cuntac\u0131 askerlerin elinde olu\u015fu Patanide bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde g\u00fcven unsurunun neredeyse tamamen ortadan kalkmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, Mindanao\u2019da ise bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci suland\u0131r\u0131lmayla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu hususiyetlerin \u00f6tesinde, bug\u00fcn 12. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerce tan\u0131nan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir belge olmakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yaz\u0131l\u0131 olanlar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi ve A\u00e7e toplumuna neler kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda enine boyuna tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmay\u0131 bekliyor. A\u00e7e\u2019nin tarihsel olarak \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi topraklar, i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Endonezya Cumhuriyeti ile G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya ve Hint Okyanusu ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu anla\u015fman\u0131n A\u00e7e\u2019ye getirileri veya katk\u0131lar\u0131yla birlikte de\u011ferlendirilebilecek \u00fcs bir alana tekab\u00fcl ediyor. Bu anlamda, A\u00e7elilerin yukar\u0131da k\u0131smen de\u011finilen \u2018Cumhuriyet\u2019 i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6nc\u00fc rollerine yeni bir s\u00fcreci ekleyerek, Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendilerine ve de geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla Endonezya halklar\u0131na neler kazand\u0131rabilece\u011fini siyasi, ekonomik, entellekt\u00fcel bazda ortaya koymalar\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a015.08.2017 Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 12. \u00a0y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, bu […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2106"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2106\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}