Myanmar\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Bengal K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne bakan Arakan Eyaleti\u2019nde bitmeyen \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131na son g\u00fcnlerde yenileri eklendi. B\u00f6lgede bir ay\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir gene gerginlik hakim. Asl\u0131nda son d\u00f6rt y\u0131ld\u0131r zaman zaman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir profil sergilemekle birlikte, gerginli\u011fin bitmedi\u011fi, b\u00f6lgedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddet ortam\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\/a\/mad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olunuyor.<\/p>\n
9 Ekim\u2019den bu yana ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hadiselerin \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerden ayr\u0131lan bir y\u00f6n\u00fc oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u0130lki co\u011frafi konumu itibar\u0131yla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n halk\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eyalet ba\u015fkenti Sittwe \u00e7evresinde de\u011fil de, eyaletin ve de dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Myanmar\u2019\u0131n Banglade\u015f\u2019le olan s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor olmas\u0131. Bir di\u011fer husus ise, resmi makamlarca bug\u00fcne kadar pek de rastlanmayan \u2018isyanc\u0131\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131n ilk kez kullan\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
2012 y\u0131l\u0131 May\u0131s sonu ve Haziran ay\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 medyaya yans\u0131yan \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 eyalet ba\u015fkenti Sittwe ve civar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. Son geli\u015fme ise, Arakan Eyaleti ile Banglade\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Buras\u0131 hem Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131n Banglade\u015f\u2019e yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan ge\u00e7i\u015fi olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken bir b\u00f6lge. S\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesi olman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fik zorluklar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hem Bangdale\u015f hem de \u00f6zellikle Myanmar resmi makamlar\u0131n\u0131n Arakanl\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bu toplumun \u00e7ilesini daha da art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Maruz kal\u0131nan bask\u0131lara tepki<\/strong><\/p>\n Myanmar resmi makamlar\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda, Banglade\u015f\u2019ten s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ge\u00e7en birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015filik bir grubun \u00fc\u00e7 polis noktas\u0131na sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. B\u00f6ylesi bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ilk defa ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. Bununla birlikte, sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren grubun, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak daha \u00e7ok kesici t\u00fcrden silahlara sahip olmas\u0131 ve sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 polis noktalar\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin silahlar\u0131n\u0131 almalar\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir organizasyondan ziyade, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcmler sonras\u0131nda ortaya konulan bir tepki oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Arakanl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 tahmin edilen bu grubun sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin takviye edilmesi ve b\u00f6lgede M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitleleri hedef alan bir operasyona ba\u015flanmas\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerince gene bir bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddet ortam\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fabilece\u011fi uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirdi. Son g\u00fcnlerde b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6ylerini terk ederek ka\u00e7malar\u0131 da b\u00f6ylesi bir durumun ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n \u2018S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00f6te yakas\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131\u2019 olgusu, b\u00f6lgede yeni bir geli\u015fme olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeli. \u2018S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00f6te yakas\u0131\u2019 denilerek a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 kastedilen Banglade\u015fliler de\u011fil a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, aksine Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar. Ancak bunun bir t\u00fcr kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Arakan Eyaleti\u2019nde ya\u015fanan zorluklardan ka\u00e7anlar, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00f6te yakas\u0131nda Banglade\u015fte Cox\u2019s Bazar \u015fehrine kadar olan b\u00f6lgede, \u00f6rne\u011fin Kutupalong, Nayapara, Leda Site yerle\u015fim yerlerinde hayat s\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Kald\u0131 ki, Arakan\u2019dan Banglade\u015f\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 son d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda ya\u015fananlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llardaki \u015fiddet dalgas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6\u00e7 hadisesinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7lere ra\u011fmen, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00f6te yakas\u0131nda, yani Banglade\u015f\u2019te ya\u015fam\u0131n tatmink\u00e2r oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Yo\u011fun n\u00fcfuslu Banglade\u015f\u2019te i\u015fsizlik ve yoksulluk kadar mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmetin zaten \u00fclkedeki belli ba\u015fl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman gruplara y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131c\u0131 tutumu, yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7men M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik politikalar\u0131n\u0131 da \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde etkiliyor. Ayr\u0131ca, \u2018kom\u015fu \u00fclke\u2019 Myanmar y\u00f6netimiyle aran\u0131n bozulmamas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131 da bu politikada bir rol\u00fc var.<\/p>\n 2012 sonras\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fananlardan sonra uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun verdi\u011fi tepkiler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Thein Sein Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumla ilgili olumlu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u2018s\u00f6z\u00fc yerine getirilmedi. Ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre boyunca Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n konumunda bir iyile\u015fmeden bahsetmek maalesef m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. \u015eehir ve kasabalardan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 kamplar\u0131 ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan yerlerde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar ve haklarla ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmeye devam ediyorlar. Durumun vahametini ortaya koyma ad\u0131na, \u00fclkede otuz y\u0131l aradan sonra, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan genel n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda, farkl\u0131 stat\u00fcler alt\u0131nda kaydedilmeleri ko\u015fulu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar say\u0131lmad\u0131. Ve ard\u0131ndan, yakla\u015f\u0131k yirmi y\u0131l sonra, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan genel se\u00e7imleri \u2018demokrat\u2019 ve \u2018reformcu\u2019 kimli\u011fiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcll\u00fc Su \u00c7i\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu Ulusal Demokrasi Birli\u011fi (NLD) kazanmas\u0131na ve Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131n bir umut sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7are bulunaca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te bug\u00fcne kadar olumlu ad\u0131m at\u0131lmas\u0131na tan\u0131k olunmad\u0131.<\/p>\n Aksine, Burma milliyet\u00e7isi Budistlerin \u00f6nderli\u011finde zaman zaman yap\u0131lan g\u00f6steriler bir tehdit niteli\u011fi havas\u0131na b\u00fcr\u00fcnerek bir yandan Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6te yandan merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve aralar\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler de olmak \u00fczere uluslararas\u0131 camian\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki temsilcilerini hedef ald\u0131. Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 bunca ma\u011fduriyet ve zul\u00fcmlerin sona ermemesi nedeniyle tek \u00e7are olarak takalarla denize a\u00e7\u0131larak kaderin onlar\u0131 nereye g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fine umutlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flad\u0131. Bunun en son ve s\u00fcre\u00e7teki en \u00f6nemli sonucu da 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 May\u0131s ay\u0131nda say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n binlerce oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen teknelerle Hint Okyanusuna a\u00e7\u0131lmalar\u0131 oldu. D\u00fcnya kamuoyunun bu geli\u015fmeden haberdar olmas\u0131 ise, b\u00f6lgedeki \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclke yetkililerinin bu insanlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na kabul etmemesi sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Gelen tepkiler ve ilgili \u00fclkelerin yetkilileri aras\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u2018kriz toplant\u0131lar\u0131\u2019 sonunda denize a\u00e7\u0131lan Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131n az bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n A\u00e7e Eyaleti\u2019nde kamplarda ya\u015famas\u0131na izin verildi.<\/p>\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n can ve mal emniyeti yok<\/strong><\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada Arakan Eyaleti\u2019nde sorunun devam\u0131nda baz\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekici fakt\u00f6rler var. Bunlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015f\u00f6yle: a) se\u00e7imler sonras\u0131nda Eyalet y\u00f6netiminin b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Budist k\u00f6kenli Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131n hakimiyetinin olmas\u0131; b) merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin soruna \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm perspektifli yakla\u015fmamas\u0131 ve \u00f6yle ki, Su \u00c7i\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda on y\u0131llarca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k veya otonom y\u00f6netim talebiyle sava\u015fan etnik gruplarla -1948 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u2018federal\u2019 bir yap\u0131 alt\u0131nda birli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik konferansa atfen- 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Panglong Bar\u0131\u015f toplant\u0131lar\u0131na ba\u015flarken, Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 bu olu\u015fuma davet etmemesi; c) Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 temsil mahiyetinde ne \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde, ki bu zaten mevcut \u015fartlarda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil, ne de d\u0131\u015far\u0131da siyaseten temsil edebilecek bir yap\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 geliyor.<\/p>\n Bu ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ilk maddeye bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n canlar\u0131 ve mallar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcven alt\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Topraklar\u0131na el konulan \u015fehir ve k\u00f6y yerle\u015fimlerinden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar haklar\u0131n\u0131 arayabilecekleri bir merciden yoksunlar. Su \u00c7i\u2019nin bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri gibi \u00fclke g\u00fcven ve istikrar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku olmayan giri\u015fime Arakanl\u0131lar\u0131 davet etmemesinin ard\u0131nda \u2018derin Burma\u2019 milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin bask\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Sorun Myanmar\u2019a terk edilmeyecek boyutta<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu topluluk bug\u00fcne kadar \u00fclkedeki onlarca etnik yap\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131nm\u0131yor, aksine d\u0131\u015farl\u0131kl\u0131 ve yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir toplumsal grup olarak addediliyor. Bu nedenledir ki, \u2018vatans\u0131zl\u0131k\u2019 olgusunun i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ne varsa bununla y\u00fczle\u015fmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kendilerini temsil edecek aktif bir yap\u0131dan mahrumlar. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler sonras\u0131nda kimi giri\u015fimler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kurulan ve ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ABD\u2019de \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olan bir Profes\u00f6r\u00fcn getirildi\u011fi \u2018Arakan Rohingya Birli\u011fi\u2019nden (ARU) ise, bug\u00fcne kadar maalesef ses \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor.<\/p>\n 9 Ekim\u2019deki sald\u0131r\u0131 ve devam\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenleri, t\u00fcm bu a\u011f\u0131r bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve \u00e7aresizlik ortam\u0131nda bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler olarak de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ancak Myanmar ordusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer \u015fartlar b\u00f6ylesi bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 olsa olsa \u2018intihar sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rmay\u0131 gerektiriyor. Arakan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n sorunu, Myanmar devletine terk edilemeyecek boyutta oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha da iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak bu s\u00fcrecin \u2018kan\u0131ksanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k\u2019 gibi bir ba\u015fka soruna evrilmesi ise, en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike olarak beliriyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Myanmar\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Bengal K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne bakan Arakan Eyaleti\u2019nde bitmeyen \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131na son g\u00fcnlerde yenileri eklendi. B\u00f6lgede bir ay\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir gene gerginlik hakim. Asl\u0131nda son d\u00f6rt y\u0131ld\u0131r zaman zaman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir profil sergilemekle birlikte, gerginli\u011fin bitmedi\u011fi, b\u00f6lgedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddet ortam\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\/a\/mad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olunuyor. 9 Ekim\u2019den bu yana ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hadiselerin \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerden ayr\u0131lan bir […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arakan","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1829"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1829\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}