Endonezya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joko Widodo ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda rotas\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya \u00e7evirdi. Jokowi\u2019nin 17-23 Nisan g\u00fcnlerinde Almanya, \u0130ngiltere, Bel\u00e7ika ve Hollanda\u2019ya ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ziyaretleri \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131lardan ele al\u0131nmay\u0131 hak ediyor. Ziyaretlerin \u00f6ncelikle AB\u2019nin \u00f6nde gelen bu \u00fclkelerinin davetiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ziyaretin arka pl\u00e2n\u0131nda ise, Endonezya ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi aras\u0131nda var\u0131lan Stratejik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anlamas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 prati\u011fe d\u00f6kmek amac\u0131 bulunuyor. AB\u2019nin Endonezya gibi geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya ve halen olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli yer ve deniz alt\u0131 de\u011ferlerine sahip olmas\u0131 Birli\u011fin bu Adalar \u00fclkesine ilgisini ortaya koyuyor. \u0130\u015fin bir di\u011fer yan\u0131nda, \u00c7in\u2019in kendini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bir\u00a0 b\u00f6lgede, ASEAN i\u00e7erisinde de potansiyel liderli\u011fe sahip olu\u015fu da yabana at\u0131l\u0131r bir neden olmasa gerek.<\/p>\n
AB ve Endonezya aras\u0131ndaki Stratejik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle Endonezya AB piyasalar\u0131na do\u011frudan ula\u015fabilecek. Ancak hangi nitelikli \u00fcr\u00fcnle ve hangi ula\u015ft\u0131rma yollar\u0131 ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla Avrupa piyasas\u0131nda yer alaca\u011f\u0131 ise hen\u00fcz belirsizli\u011fini koruyor. \u00d6te yandan, ziyaretin belki de en can al\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fc ilgili \u00fclke i\u015f \u00e7evrelerinin Endonezya topraklar\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131mlara davet etmekti. Taraflar aras\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ticaret, yat\u0131r\u0131m, denizcilik ve su idaresi gibi konular \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ticaret ve yat\u0131r\u0131m gibi geni\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7eveli alana kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k denizcilik ve su idaresi gibi spesifik konular \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6nemliydi. Bu noktada, Jokowi t\u0131pk\u0131 birinci y\u0131l\u0131nda Japonya, Singapur, G\u00fcney Kore\u2019dekine benzer s\u00f6ylemle \u00fclkesinin ne kadar zengin kaynaklara sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Avrupal\u0131 liderler ve ilgili yat\u0131r\u0131m ve ticaret \u015firketleri yetkilileri de bildikleri bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi bir kez daha hat\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldular.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada, AB ile Endonezya aras\u0131ndaki ticaret hacmine k\u0131saca bakal\u0131m. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Endonezya ve AB aras\u0131ndaki ticaret hacmi 26.14 milyar Dolar civar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu ticaret hacmi, AB\u2019yi Endonezya ile ticaret yapan \u00fclkeler\/gruplar aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131raya yerle\u015ftiriyor. 2010-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda AB \u00fclkelerinden Endonezya\u2019ya yakla\u015f\u0131k 11 milyar dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131rken bunun \u00fc\u00e7te ikilik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Jokowi\u2019nin ziyaret etti\u011fi d\u00f6rt \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bu da zaten, ni\u00e7in Jokowi\u2019nin \u00f6zellikle bu d\u00f6rt \u00fclkeyi ziyaret etmek istedi\u011finin maddi nedenini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n
Jokowi, Londra\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u00fclkenin ekonomik de\u011ferlerinin geleneksel tar\u0131m ve orman \u00fcr\u00fcnleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ihra\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, adalar \u00fclkesi Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar deniz varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilemedi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu. Jokowi\u2019nin bu vurgusu temelde bir \u00e7eli\u015fkiye de i\u015faret etmesiyle \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Birincisi, Endonezya topraklar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan co\u011frafya, sadece Endonezya ad\u0131 verilen modern ulus devlet d\u00f6neminde de\u011fil, Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ihrac\u0131yla daha do\u011frusu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcyle biliniyor. Uzun s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminde yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kendi talepleri ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yapan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan modern d\u00f6nemde \u00fclke siyasetini elinde tutan g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu tar\u0131m ve orman \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden art\u0131 pay \u00e7\u0131kartacak yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 yapmamalar\u0131 sorgulanmay\u0131 hak ediyor. Kalk\u0131nman\u0131n babas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Suharto d\u00f6nemin de, dahi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 siyasi ve ekonomik elit i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n bir devlet olarak bug\u00fcne kadar kaybeden \u00fclkeler listesinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn ise, \u00c7in Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015ei Cinping\u2019in dile getirmesiyle Endonezya siyasetinde ve b\u00fcrokrasisinde k\u0131smen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenen \u2018denizcilik i\u015fleri\u2019 de, asl\u0131nda temel bir yap\u0131lanmadan yoksun. Jokowi\u2019nin Hollanda ziyaretinde bu eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesini denizcilik i\u015flerindeki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fcstlenmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131 da \u00e7eli\u015fkinin ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. Asl\u0131nda Jokowi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin denizcilik alt yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a yerinde. Yanl\u0131\u015f olan, bug\u00fcne kadar \u00fclkenin de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00f6rne\u011fin, tsunami sonras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131 denizlerle \u00e7evrili olan A\u00e7e\u2019de in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flanan limanlar\u0131n, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bar\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n, vb. Weh ve Batam Adalar\u0131 serbest b\u00f6lgelerinin alt yap\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ne \u015fekilde akamete u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun \u00fczerine gidilemedi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7e\u2019nin i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kuzey Sumatra, Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019ni Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131 \u00fczerinden Hint Okyanusu\u2019na ba\u011flayan ve bu anlamda olduk\u00e7a stratejik bir co\u011frafya oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok. Pek y\u00fcksek sesle dile getirilmese de Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yo\u011fun trafi\u011fine alternative olarak Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131 sahilleri boyunca uzanan \u2018at\u0131l\u2019 deniz rotas\u0131 da alternative yat\u0131r\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. T\u00fcm bunlar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir do\u011fal afetin ard\u0131ndan yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma gibi \u00f6nemli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te arzu edilen geli\u015fmenin sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgeden ba\u015flayarak \u2018denizcilik kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan\u2019 \u00fclkenin s\u00fcrekli kaybeden noktas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fanan bu kay\u0131plar\u0131 art\u0131da \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in Jokowi\u2019nin g\u00fcndeminde Hollanda\u2019y\u0131 denizcilik i\u015flerinde yat\u0131r\u0131ma davet vard\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r g\u00fcndemde olan Deniz \u0130pek Yolu projesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fclkenin denizcilik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc harekete ge\u00e7irme politikalar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131m talebi Hollanda taraf\u0131ndan memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Bundan ba\u015fkas\u0131 da beklenemez di zaten. \u015eunun \u015furas\u0131nda 1945\u2019e kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz elli y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi olmu\u015f Cava Adas\u0131 siyasi elitinin bug\u00fcn ayn\u0131 Hollanda\u2019y\u0131 \u00fclkenin en \u00f6nemli varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 denizcilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc emanet etme giri\u015fiminde \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak bir yan bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n
Burada dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi gereken bir di\u011fer husus, Jokowi\u2019nin Avrupa ziyaretinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00fcnlerden sadece birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n genel toplant\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Jokowi\u2019nin yolunun \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmemesi dikkat \u00e7ekiciydi. \u0130stanbul\u2019daki toplant\u0131 sadece \u0130\u0130T d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ge\u00e7mesi vesilesiyle yap\u0131lan bir toplant\u0131 olma h\u00fcviyeti ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ve daha \u00e7ok da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n dile getirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya konmu\u015f oldu. Endonezya gibi, yeri geldi\u011finde -ki Jokowi\u2019nin Avrupa ziyaretinde gene dillendirildi- en \u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ve bundan \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde bir t\u00fcr siyasi kazan\u0131m elde etme s\u00fcrecini ya\u015fayan bir \u00fclke devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019da olmamas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcyd\u00fc. Kald\u0131 ki, bundan sadece bir ay \u00f6nce K\u00fcdus \u00f6zel g\u00fcndemiyle \u0130\u0130T\u2019yi Cakarta\u2019ya toplayan Jokowi\u2019nin \u0130\u0130T Genel Kurulu\u2019na kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 hem Cakarta zirvesini hem de genel anlamda \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131nda olan bitene kar\u015f\u0131 Endonezya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin duru\u015funda bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n
Jokowi\u2019nin Avrupa ziyareti kapsam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi yat\u0131r\u0131m ve ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n da Kud\u00fcs g\u00fcndemiyle Cakarta\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen toplant\u0131da al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen, \u2018\u0130srail mallar\u0131n\u0131n protesto edilmesi\u2019 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fen y\u00f6nlerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. \u0130srail ve bu devlete eklemlenmi\u015f uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlerin \u00f6yle s\u0131radan \u00fcr\u00fcnler de\u011fil, g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n her boyutuna ula\u015fan \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015felerine kadar n\u00fcfuz etti\u011fi de herhalde malumdur. Bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe ragmen, \u0130\u0130T gibi \u00f6nemli bir organizasyon oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn Kud\u00fcs gibi bir g\u00fcndem toplant\u0131s\u0131nda al\u0131nan karar\u0131 \u2018metalar\u0131n protestosuna\u2019 indirgeyen veya bunu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartan bir sonu\u00e7 bildirgesi, olsa olsa konunun \u0130\u0130T taraf\u0131ndan da suland\u0131r\u0131lma vechesini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bunu da Cakarta\u2019da Endonezya siyasi eliti vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortaya konmu\u015f oldu. Kald\u0131 ki, Cakarta Deklarasyonu ad\u0131 verilen bildirgenin \u0130\u0130T\u2019nin 57 \u00fclkesi bir yana Endonezya veya yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Malezya\u2019da dahi yank\u0131 buldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n
Jokowi\u2019nin \u00fclke g\u00fcndemini \u00f6ncelleyerek Avrupa\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralayabilir. Ancak bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ne denli stratejik \u00f6nemde oldu\u011fu ve ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n egemenli\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 da bir o kadar \u00f6nemli. B\u00f6lgesinde bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olma potansiyeline sahip bir Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n, \u00f6nce \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki potansiyelleri de\u011ferlendirme ard\u0131ndan da kendine yak\u0131n \u00fclkelerle i\u015fbirli\u011fine \u00f6ncelik vermesi gerekiyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Endonezya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joko Widodo ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda rotas\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya \u00e7evirdi. Jokowi\u2019nin 17-23 Nisan g\u00fcnlerinde Almanya, \u0130ngiltere, Bel\u00e7ika ve Hollanda\u2019ya ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ziyaretleri \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131lardan ele al\u0131nmay\u0131 hak ediyor. Ziyaretlerin \u00f6ncelikle AB\u2019nin \u00f6nde gelen bu \u00fclkelerinin davetiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ziyaretin arka pl\u00e2n\u0131nda ise, Endonezya ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi aras\u0131nda var\u0131lan Stratejik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anlamas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 prati\u011fe d\u00f6kmek amac\u0131 bulunuyor. AB\u2019nin […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-endonezya","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1274"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1274\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}