{"id":1137,"date":"2012-09-06T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2012-09-06T00:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/ini\/?p=226"},"modified":"2012-09-06T00:10:00","modified_gmt":"2012-09-06T00:10:00","slug":"55-ylnda-malezya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/55-ylnda-malezya\/","title":{"rendered":"55. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Malezya"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            1 Eyl\u00fcl 2012<\/b><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/a><\/div>\n
Malezya, 31 A\u011fustos\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 55. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutlad\u0131. Kurulu\u015fundan bu yana aradan ge\u00e7en g\u00f6rece k\u0131sa d\u00f6neme ra\u011fmen, Malezya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnya devletler toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zellikle son otuz y\u0131l\u0131na hayretle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olumlu bir imajla damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Malezya dendi\u011finde akla Dr. Mahathir Muhammed gelse de, \u00fclkenin kurucu unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n gerek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131ndaki birka\u00e7 on y\u0131ldaki katk\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez. Bug\u00fcn Malezya denilen bir \u00fclkeden bahsediyorsak e\u011fer, bunun hangi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden ve hangi akt\u00f6rlerin katk\u0131lar\u0131 ile olu\u015ftu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekir. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde \u0130ngilizlerin \u00f6zel \u00f6nem verdikleri saray ve \u00e7evresine mensup Tunku Abdul Rahman\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, Tun Razak, Tun H\u00fcseyin Onn gibi isimleri hat\u0131rlamak gerekir. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Aradan ge\u00e7en yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcreye ra\u011fmen, Malezya\u2019n\u0131n halen ulus-devletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 atlatabildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmek g\u00fc\u00e7. Bunun anla\u015f\u0131labilir nedenleri olmakla birlikte, bu s\u00fcrecin Malezya\u2019ya neler kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar neler kaybettirdi\u011fini de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekir. \u00d6nce ulus-devlet s\u00fcrecine nas\u0131l gelindi\u011fine k\u0131saca g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. Malezya\u2019n\u0131n neye tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n tarihsel derinli\u011finde yer alm\u0131\u015f geni\u015f Malay toplulu\u011fu ve bu toplulu\u011fun Malaka ard\u0131ndan Johor-Riau Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu  unutmamak gerekir. Bununla birlikte, bu iki sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u00f6nemine binaen Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131ndan azade oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek safl\u0131k olur. Bu noktada tarihin ilgili d\u00f6nemleri itibar\u0131yla G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00f6zelinde ne t\u00fcr siyasi hatlar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu veya olu\u015fturulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu durumda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ar\u0131zad\u0131r ki, bug\u00fcn modern d\u00f6nemde Malezya\u2019n\u0131n halen ulus-devletle\u015fme sorunu ile y\u00fczle\u015fmeye devam etti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliyoruz. Bir yanda teritoryal k\u0131r\u0131lmaya e\u015flikte k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dokusu itibar\u0131yla geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan kopmu\u015flu\u011fun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerilimle kendi asli k\u00f6klerine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k; \u00f6te yandan toplumsal dinamikleri itibar\u0131yle farkl\u0131 etnisitelere -ki bunlar \u00c7in ve Hint gibi k\u00f6kl\u00fc medeniyetlerin uzant\u0131s\u0131 ve bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc uzant\u0131dan \u201casla vazge\u00e7me niyetinde olmayan\u201d insan unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r- ev sahipli\u011fi yapmas\u0131 Malezya\u2019y\u0131 i\u00e7 sorunlar\u0131 \u00fczerine konu\u015flanmaya zorluyor. Malezya elitinin bu gerilimin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek d\u0131\u015fsal akt\u00f6rlerin ne kadar uydusu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yana, g\u00f6zlerdan ka\u00e7mayan ger\u00e7ek Malezya\u2019n\u0131n aradan ge\u00e7en elli y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrede yukar\u0131da zikredilen ayr\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fudur. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Elbette bug\u00fcn Malezya dendi\u011finde akla gelen ekonomisinin g\u00f6rece sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir rotada ilerleyi\u015fidir. Bu rota, ayn\u0131 zamanda, yukar\u0131da de\u011findi\u011fimiz ulus-devletle\u015fmenin ana paradigmas\u0131 olmas\u0131yla da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Yani, ulus-devleti ayn\u0131 tarihsel k\u00f6klere yaslanan, benzer \u00fclk\u00fc ve idelleri payla\u015fan bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde in\u015fa edilmesi \u015feklinde anlarsak, bunun Malezya i\u00e7in sorunlu bir in\u015fa s\u00fcreci oldu\u011fu da kendili\u011finden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. O halde, \u201cBu modern yap\u0131lanman\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 ne olacakt\u0131r?\u201d sorusunun cevab\u0131, her ne kadar e\u015fitlikli payla\u015f\u0131ma konu olmas\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar halledilebilmi\u015f de\u011filse de, ekonomik kalk\u0131nmaya endekslendi\u011fi \u015feklinde olacakt\u0131r. <\/div>\n
Bu nedenledir ki, 13 May\u0131s 1969 tarihinde ba\u015flayan k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli kanl\u0131 etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00fclke modern tarihine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan devlet politikalar\u0131, toplumda her etnik unsurun ekonomik davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir de\u011fer olarak kabul etmi\u015f ve di\u011fer toplumsal dinamikler ekonomik alana s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malaylara bi\u00e7ilen rol b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sosyal evrime konu oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok. Yani, amac\u0131n bir Malay entelijansiyas\u0131 veya orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015fturmak de\u011fil, aksine, \u201cokur yazarl\u0131kla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve bu anlamda babalar\u0131ndan daha nitelikli \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 toplumu\u201d (Khasnor Johan 1996: 29) olu\u015fturmaya matuf s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde \u0130ngilizler eliyle a\u00e7\u0131lan e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131ndan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sonras\u0131nda \u00c7inli ve Hintli unsurlarla yar\u0131\u015fabilecek \u015fehirli, orta s\u0131n\u0131f, ekonomik anlamda \u00fcretken ve de \u2018t\u00fcketken\u2019 bir Malay toplumun in\u015fas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu kavramlar\u0131n zihinlerimizde uyand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeg\u00e2ne husus ise, bir kapitalist evrim s\u00fcreciyle yak\u00eenen ilintili oldu\u011fudur.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Yukar\u0131da zikretti\u011fimiz 1969 hadisesidir ki, bug\u00fcn ulusal birlik ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckten bahsedilmesinin vazge\u00e7ilmez k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcrecin t\u00fcm seanslar\u0131n\u0131 burada ele almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Ancak unutulmamas\u0131 gereken, 1957-1969 aras\u0131nda neler olup bitti\u011fi kadar, 1970\u2019den bug\u00fcne ula\u015fan s\u00fcrecin olmazsa olmazlar\u0131n\u0131n neleri kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda devletin yeniden reorganizasyonunda Malezya\u2019n\u0131n bir devlet olarak yeniden do\u011fu\u015funa i\u015faret edecek \u00f6nemli icraatlara kap\u0131 aralayacak geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Ba\u015fbakan Necib\u2019in 55. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc vesilesiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201cBir zamanlar s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir ulusun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve bar\u0131\u015fa ula\u015fmas\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunmu\u015ftur\u201d ifadesi elbette \u00f6nemli. Ancak, tarihsel geli\u015fmeler ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel ili\u015fkiler ba\u011flam\u0131nda bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Malezya\u2019n\u0131n hangi rolleri \u00fcstlendi\u011fi veya \u00fcstlenemedi\u011fi de \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 bir konu. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde ifade etti\u011fimiz \u00fczere, ulus-devletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini hen\u00fcz tamamlayamam\u0131\u015f ve t\u00fcm enerjisini bu alana kanalize etmi\u015f bir devletin b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6rl\u00fck \u00fcstlenmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcnat\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r? Kimi g\u00f6zlemcilerin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, ekonomi alan\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya indirgenmi\u015f ulus-devlet olgusu, \u00f6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki, bir Malay k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetinin ortaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel kabul edilmektedir. \u00d6zellikle giderek \u00f6nem kazanan G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve ASEAN, bu b\u00f6lgenin Budist \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7erisinde varl\u0131k s\u00fcrme m\u00fccadelesi veren M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131klar sorunu, Ortado\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Asya ile ili\u015fkiler vb. konularda Malezya\u2019n\u0131n oynayabilece\u011fi rollerin boyutu, i\u00e7-siyasette kaybedilen kan kayb\u0131yla  d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluk g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu alanda, g\u00fc\u00e7 sergileme i\u015fi
\nnin halen Dr. Mahathir ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmas\u0131, Malay entell\u00fcktealitesinin de ne t\u00fcr s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sergilemesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilgin\u00e7 bir durum sergiler. Bu durumu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle son d\u00f6nemde giderek daha sahneye \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flayan Malezya\u2019n\u0131n tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ise Dr. Mahathir ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olu\u015funda g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir.  <\/div>\n

http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/?aType=haber&ArticleID=224843<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            1 Eyl\u00fcl 2012 Malezya, 31 A\u011fustos\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 55. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutlad\u0131. Kurulu\u015fundan bu yana aradan ge\u00e7en g\u00f6rece k\u0131sa d\u00f6neme ra\u011fmen, Malezya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnya devletler toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zellikle son otuz y\u0131l\u0131na hayretle kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olumlu bir imajla damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Malezya dendi\u011finde akla Dr. Mahathir Muhammed gelse […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":771,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-malezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1137"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1137\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}