{"id":110,"date":"2013-05-27T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2013-05-27T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/ini\/?p=110"},"modified":"2013-05-27T08:30:00","modified_gmt":"2013-05-27T08:30:00","slug":"myanmarda-amerikan-ckarlar-ve-arakan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/myanmarda-amerikan-ckarlar-ve-arakan\/","title":{"rendered":"Myanmar\u2019da Amerikan \u00c7\u0131karlar\u0131 ve Arakan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \/ American Interests in Myanmar and Rohingya Muslims"},"content":{"rendered":"
Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                                 25 May\u0131s 2013<\/b>

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Myanmar is inevitably a new dimension of American interests pertaining to her geo-strategic and economic reasons. Though human rights of the Rohingya Muslims have not been considered in a significant level by the majority of the world powers, it is more benefitial to support junta regime of Myanmar..<\/b><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

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Myanmar Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Thein Sein\u2019in beklenen Amerika ziyareti ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu ziyaret, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Obama\u2019n\u0131n ikinci kez Ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilmesinden hemen sonra G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaretin iadesi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca son yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcne kadar Amerikan\u2019\u0131n Burma diye adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu devletten Yeni D\u00fcnya\u2019ya yap\u0131lan ilk ziyaret olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu sembolik ziyaretin bir di\u011fer ad\u0131 ise, kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Grubu\u2019nun neredeyse kurucu akt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda yer almaya aday bir \u00fclkenin Bat\u0131 marjinine kay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
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Eski general, yeni \u2018reformcu\u2019 Thein Sein, \u00fclkesinde siyasi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler konusunda ne kadar mesafe al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u2018raporunu\u2019 vermek \u00fczere Washington\u2019dayd\u0131. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131nda verdi\u011fi s\u0131navda yol kat etti\u011finin yeni bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak \u00fclkesinden ayr\u0131lmadan hemen \u00f6nce belli say\u0131da siyasi mahkuma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini tan\u0131yan belgeye imzas\u0131n\u0131 atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmeler, Bat\u0131l\u0131 sivil ve yar\u0131 sivil \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin rapolar\u0131nda \u0131srarla yer verdikleri siyasi tutuklular s\u0131n\u0131flamas\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131 hanesine konulacak icraatlard\u0131.<\/div>\n
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\u00d6te yandan, belki de kaderin bir cilvesi olsa gerek, Obama-Sein g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesine denk gelen g\u00fcnler ve saatlerde Myanmar\u2019da yedi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ge\u00e7en Mart ay\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u0131kan olaylarda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden bir Budist rahibin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sorumlu tutulmu\u015f ve uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek hapis cezalar\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/div>\n
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Asl\u0131nda Amerikan y\u00f6netiminde Obama\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi iyimserler \u2018kul\u00fcb\u00fc\u2019ne ra\u011fmen, Myanmar konusunda temkinli yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sal\u0131k verenler de yok de\u011fil. Bu \u00fclke bir yandan, demokratikle\u015fmesiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r ve uluslararas\u0131 arenada me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00f6te yandan olduk\u00e7a tehlikeli bir y\u00f6n\u00fc oldu\u011funa da dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor. Kimi yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda, Myanmar\u2019daki \u015fiddet \u2018k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019, Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla 1990\u2019larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve bug\u00fcn ulusalararas\u0131 siyaset literat\u00fcr\u00fcne \u2018Balkanla\u015fma\u2019 olarak ge\u00e7en olgunun tekerr\u00fcr etti\u011fi vurgulan\u0131yor. Sanki o d\u00f6nem, Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler ve kurumlar Balkanlar\u2019da ya\u015fananlara beklenen yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sergilemi\u015flercesine bug\u00fcn bu olguyu maharetmi\u015f gibi Myanmar i\u00e7in g\u00fcndeme getiriyorlar. Burada a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir sapt\u0131rma oldu\u011funu vurgulamak laz\u0131m. Yani, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman unsurlar birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar Myanmar denilen \u00fclke topraklar\u0131nda devletin \u2018y\u00fcce\u2019 korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda h\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya\u015fam s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131 da, \u2018diktat\u00f6ryal\u2019 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u2018demokrasiye\u2019 evirmesiyle Budist militanlar\u0131n maharetiyle \u2018etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u2019 ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6yle mi acaba? Buna, olsa olsa, altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k Burma\/Myanmar diktas\u0131n\u0131 onurland\u0131rmak denir. <\/div>\n
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Bu ba\u011flamda, Amerikan\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye ilgisinde jeo-stratejik ve ekonomik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n rol\u00fc unutulmamal\u0131. Amerikan terazisinde Myanmar\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ahvali ile ekonomik kazan\u0131mlar e\u015fde\u011fer de\u011fil. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Amerikan y\u00f6netiminden, ba\u015fta Arakanl\u0131lar olmak \u00fczere Myanmarl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n en temel insani haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmas\u0131 ne kadar beklenebilir? Amerikan\u2019\u0131n Myanmar\u2019daki \u2018demokratikle\u015fme\u2019 s\u00fcrecine yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ku\u015fku yok ki, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da \u2018\u015fimdilik\u2019 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu s\u00fcren teritoryal sorundan ve gelecek vaad eden potansiyel ekonomik kazan\u0131mlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fil. Yak\u0131n d\u00f6neme kadar, Myanmar\u2019a uygulanan ambargonun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermemesi \u00fczerine, sanki ambargoyu kald\u0131racak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimlere kap\u0131 aralanm\u0131\u015fcas\u0131na birdenbire Amerikan ve de ard\u0131ndan Avrupa Birli\u011fi y\u00f6neticilerinin Myanmar\u2019\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ar\u015f\u0131nlamalar\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lgede giderek ivme kazanan uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin ba\u015fat bir rol\u00fc var. <\/div>\n
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\u00c7in\u2019in siyasi ve ekonomik etkinlik sahas\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde politikalar ve bunlar\u0131n somut icraatlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Amerika\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesiz kalmas\u0131 beklenemez elbette. \u00c7in bir yandan Myanmar \u00fczerinden Bengal K\u00f6rfezi ve de dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Hint Okyanusu\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131lma projesi \u00fczerinde kafa yorar ve Mekong Vadisi\u2019ni boydan boya kesecek karayolu projesinin hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 yaparken, \u00f6te yandan aralar\u0131nda so\u011fuk sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n devam edegeldi\u011fi Hindistan\u2019la \u201cg\u00fcven in\u015fas\u0131na\u201d ba\u015flar ve hemen akabinde, \u2018Acaba hangi alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapar\u0131z?\u2019 sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 alma s\u00fcrecini derinle\u015ftirme u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 verirken Amerika\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131p\u0131rdatmamas\u0131 beklenemez. \u00d6yle bir co\u011frafya etkile\u015fiminden bahsediyoruz ki, Himalayalar\u2019\u0131n bir ucundan di\u011ferine, bir koluyla Pasifik\u2019e di\u011fer koluyla Hint Okyanusu\u2019na uzanan devasa bir alan bu. Herhalde, Asya Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dinamiklerinden biri bu olsa gerek.  <\/div>\n
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Bu nedenledir ki, Amerikan y\u00f6netimi k\u00fcresel etkileri olacak bu geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgeye dair kendi gelecek kurgusunu somutla\u015ft\u0131racak ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olu\u015fturma arzusunda. Bunun i\u00e7indir ki, b\u00f6lgenin ekonomik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve kalk\u0131nma anlam\u0131nda \u2018premature\u2019 \u00fclkesi Myanmar pilot b\u00f6lge se\u00e7ilmi\u015f durumda. Obama, Thein Sein\u2019in \u2018s\u00f6zde\u2019 reform \u00e7abalar\u0131na deste\u011fini sunarken, hemen ard\u0131ndan konunun ekonomik yat\u0131r\u0131mlara gelmesi son derece do\u011fal. \u00c7in\u2019in silah sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, -\u015fimdilik durdurulsa da- dev baraj projesi, maden kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 dev\u015firmesi ve envai t\u00fcrden mal\u0131n \u2018black market\u2019 maharetiyle Myanmar \u00fczerinde ekonomik bir bask\u0131 kurmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Obama, hem de \u00e7ok naif bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m sergileyerek. Myanmar\u2019da tar\u0131m faaliyetlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6n ayak olabileceklerini belirtiyor. Bir de s\u00f6ylenmeyen y\u00f6n\u00fc var bu i\u015fin. Onu da biz s\u00f6yleyelim. Ba\u015fta Ford, General Electric, Caterpillar gibi dev \u00e7ok\/uluslu \u015firketlerin y\u00f6netimleri Myanmar\u2019a girme karar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na imza att\u0131 bile. <\/div>\n
Amerikan y\u00f6netimi, \u015funun \u015furas\u0131nda bir y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n dolmas\u0131na birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn kala Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 \u2018yeni\u2019 zulm\u00fcn tastamam g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda de\u011filmi\u015f gibi davranmay\u0131 ye\u011fliyor a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131. Eyalet Ba\u015fkenti Sittwe\u2019de evlerine, i\u015flerine, okullar\u0131na gidemeyen Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n aylard\u0131r, esir kamplar\u0131n\u0131 aratmayacak ko\u015fullardaki
\nbar\u0131naklarda tutulmalar\u0131, yolunu bulan\u0131n okyanusa a\u00e7\u0131lmaktan ba\u015fka \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gene s\u00fcre\u00e7te y\u00fczlerce mazlumun okyanus sular\u0131na \u2018kap\u0131larak hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi Bat\u0131l\u0131 y\u00f6neticilerin siyasi idraklerini g\u00fcncellemeye ve insani yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymalar\u0131na kafi gelmiyor. Bu s\u00fcrecin tetikleyicisi hadiselerden sorumlu olanlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartacak \u2018ulusal komisyonun\u2019 ne t\u00fcrden bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir y\u0131l sonunda nas\u0131l bir sonuca ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayacak adalet duygusu ve bunun prati\u011fi olan yarg\u0131 s\u00fcrecini g\u00fcndeme getirmeyi de gereksiz addediyorlar. Veya aylar \u00f6ncesinde yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na karar verilen \u2018M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131\u2019 kay\u0131t alt\u0131na alma i\u015flemlerinde nas\u0131l bir a\u015fama kaydedildi\u011fini, bunun M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u00fclkenin \u2018asli unsurlar\u0131 kabul ederek kimlik belgesi verme i\u015flemi mi \u2018 yoksa bu kitleyi \u2018Bengalde\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7meni\u2019 stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sokmay\u0131 hedefleyen \u2018sinsi\u2019 bir politikan\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fc oldu\u011funu sorgulayan yok. Ama bu \u00e7evreler kalk\u0131p rahatl\u0131kla Thein Sein\u2019i \u2018reformcu Ba\u015fkan\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131yla selamlayabiliyorlar. Bir de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u2018umutluyuz\u2019 diyen \u00e7evrelerin de umudu nerede arad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sormak zaman\u0131 \u015fimdi. Yoksa bu s\u0131fat\u0131 sarf ederken, kendi kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kastediyorlar olmas\u0131nlar acaba?<\/div>\n
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Obama\u2019n\u0131n ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede neler dedi\u011fine bir bakal\u0131m… Ekonomi ve siyasi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlarda iyi yoldas\u0131n\u0131z, bir de \u015fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddeti b\u0131rak\u0131n. Tabii bu \u2018\u015fiddet\u2019 kavram\u0131 zikrederken c\u00fcmlenin i\u00e7erisinde \u2018communal\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 da olan bitenin Amerikan y\u00f6netimince nas\u0131l bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede anlamland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya anlamland\u0131r\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde ortaya koyuyor. \u2018Communal violence\u2019 demekle, asl\u0131nda ortada iki toplumsal grup var ve iki grup \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde e\u015fit a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta iti\u015fip kak\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar gibi bir e\u011fretilemeyi de beraberinde getiriyor. Bu bile sorunun ismini koymada bile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zaafiyet olarak kendini izhar etmeye yetiyor. Olan biten hakikaten bu mu? Yani sadece Arakan Eyaleti\u2019nde de\u011fil, giderek \u00fclkenin di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitleleri de hedef alan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fan\u0131rken M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve Rakhin\/Burma Budistleri meydan kavgas\u0131 m\u0131 veriyor? Yoksa Ba\u015fkent Naypyidaw\u2019daki siyasi karar mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131kla, Budist Myanmar polis ve asker g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin nezaretinde Budist rahiplere eklemlenmi\u015f halk y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 yok etme arzular\u0131n\u0131  ortaya koyacak bir toplumsal lin\u00e7 mi s\u00f6z konusu? <\/div>\n
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Ortada ge\u00e7mi\u015fi d\u00fcne, ge\u00e7en y\u0131la de\u011fil, neredeyse bir y\u00fczy\u0131la uzanan siyasi, etnik, dini ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131ktan s\u00f6z ediyoruz. Bu ba\u011flamda, Myanmar y\u00f6netimi nezdinde ne siyasi iradeden, ne de \u00e7o\u011funlu Burma olan az\u0131nl\u0131klar toplumu Myanmar\u2019da toplumsal bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u2018\u015eiddet\u2019 dendi\u011finde, Budist rahipler \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Burma ve Rakhine toplulu\u011fun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kitlelerin canlar\u0131na kast\u0131, mallar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fclklerini ya\u011fmalamalar\u0131 geliyor. Ancak, \u00f6zellikle Arakan\u2019da sorun Budist halk\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018\u015fiddet\u2019 de\u011fil, siyasi rejimin en hafif deyimiyle kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanan siyasi bir sorun var. Amerika ve AB y\u00f6netimleri bu siyasi sorunu ortaya koyacak ve de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u0131srarc\u0131 olacak bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6stermediler. Bundan sonra g\u00f6sterecekler mi? Hadi bir ihtimal diyelim, ancak bir \u015fartla. O da, yak\u0131n gelecekte yeter say\u0131da Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Rakhine Eyaleti\u2019nde ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmeye devam edebilirse. <\/div>\n
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http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/?aType=haber&ArticleID=261262<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                                 25 May\u0131s 2013 Myanmar is inevitably a new dimension of American interests pertaining to her geo-strategic and economic reasons. Though human rights of the Rohingya Muslims have not been considered in a significant level by the majority of […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-myanmar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}