{"id":1055,"date":"2012-04-09T12:35:00","date_gmt":"2012-04-09T12:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/ini\/?p=340"},"modified":"2012-04-09T12:35:00","modified_gmt":"2012-04-09T12:35:00","slug":"modernlestirici-sultan-modernlesen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/modernlestirici-sultan-modernlesen\/","title":{"rendered":"Modernle\u015ftirici Sultan Modernle\u015fen Sultanl\u0131k: Ebubekir ve Cohor \u0130li\u015fkisi (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                7 Nisan 2012<\/b><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/a><\/div>\n
Ebubekir ve Cohor ili\u015fkisine kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden devam ediyoruz… Cohor Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zelinde Yar\u0131mada\u2019daki Malay y\u00f6netimlerinde ba\u015fg\u00f6steren modernle\u015fme e\u011filimleri i\u00e7erisinde Sultan Ebubekir\u2019in rol\u00fc \u00fczerinde durmaya devam ediyoruz. Ya\u015fam\u0131, e\u011filimleri ve y\u00f6netimi ile halk\u0131n\u0131n kaderini etkilemi\u015f bir lider olan Ebubekir\u2019le ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizi ortaya koyarken, tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi e\u011fitim ve yeti\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1833 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya gelen Ebubekir\u2019in, d\u00f6nemin \u0130ngiliz valisinin babas\u0131 Temenenggong \u0130brahim\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201ctavsiyeler\u201d neticesinde 1840\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Singapur\u2019a demir atan misyoner \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden Benjamin Keasberry\u2019nin kurdu\u011fu Malay okulunda \u00f6\u011frenime ba\u015flamas\u0131 yabana at\u0131lacak bir hadise de\u011fildir. 1846 y\u0131l\u0131 ilk aylar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan e\u011fitim \u00fc\u00e7 veya d\u00f6rt y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu ba\u011flamda, Keasberry ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu vurgulayal\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Amerika\u2019dan gelen bu misyonerin hedefi \u00c7inli veya Hintli ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 de\u011fil, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Malay n\u00fcfusuna y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitim faaliyetleri yapmakt\u0131r. O d\u00f6nem, Singapur Adas\u0131\u2019ndan ba\u015flayarak Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6zellikle Penang Adas\u0131 ve Malaka\u2019daki -nihayetinde giderek Bat\u0131 sahili yerle\u015fimleri boyunca yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanacak olan- misyoner okullar\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sadece \u00c7in ve Hint\/Tamil \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u201ce\u011fitimine\u201d odaklanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131; bizatihi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malay \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 da \u201chedef ald\u0131klar\u0131\u201d yap\u0131lanman\u0131n en belirgin \u00f6rne\u011fini sergilemesiyle dikkat \u00e7eker. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Ebubekir\u2019in ilkokul y\u0131llar\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan y\u0131llar\u0131nda belirleyici bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Bu okul, sadece Ebubekir\u2019i de\u011fil, d\u00f6neminin \u00f6nde gelen Malay ailelerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir kurumdu. Kald\u0131 ki, Ebubekir saray\u0131 Singapur Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki Telok Belangah\u2019dan Tanjung Puteri\u2019ye, yani bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Johor Bahru \u015fehrine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk icraatlar\u0131ndan biri 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir \u0130ngiliz okulu a\u00e7mak olmu\u015ftur. Bu okuldaki \u00f6\u011frenim s\u00fcrecinde kurulan ili\u015fkiler ileride Ebubekir\u2019in yol arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da belirlenece\u011fi bir kaynak i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u00d6yle ki, Ebubekir babas\u0131n\u0131n vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan g\u00f6revi devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Cohor modernle\u015fmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede saray b\u00fcrokrasisinde ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu insan sermayesi s\u00f6z konusu bu okul mezunlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyordu. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Bu safhada Cohor Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1855 y\u0131l\u0131nda nas\u0131l kurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bunda Ebubekir\u2019in rol\u00fcne de\u011finmekte fayda var. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu husus, s\u00fcre\u00e7te ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak Malay Sultanl\u0131klar\u0131na \u201cdoku kazand\u0131racak\u201d \u00f6neme sahiptir. Elbette burada bahsedilen Cohor Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temelde bir k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu husus, \u0130ngilizlerin Farquhar ve Raffles marifetiyle Singapur Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 almas\u0131na kadar geri gider ve burada de\u011finilemeyecek kadar uzun oldu\u011fundan k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle ifade edebiliriz. Klasik Cohor-Riau Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda tahtta varis olacak erkek \u00fcyenin olmamas\u0131 Singapur\u2019daki sultanl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n -bu salt unvanla ili\u015fkilidir, teritoryal bir ba\u011flam\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r- Ebubekir\u2019in babas\u0131 \u0130brahim\u2019e devredilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Peki akabinde ne olmu\u015ftur? Ebubekir, babas\u0131n\u0131n yerini almas\u0131yla \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netiminin \u201cdostane\u201d ili\u015fkilerine mazhar olmu\u015f ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Cohor\u2019un geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci ba\u015fg\u00f6sterdi. Manevi yani Sultanl\u0131k unvan\u0131, maddi yani teritoryal geni\u015fleme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri R. O. Winstedt\u2019in \u201cy\u00f6netimimizin isteklerini kar\u015f\u0131lama konusunda son derece istekli\u201d \u015feklinde tasvir etti\u011fi Ebubekir\u2019in y\u00f6netimde, 1874 il\u00e2 1885 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, refah\u0131n zirvesine \u00e7\u0131kan Cohor, \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netiminin takdirini kazanmakla kalmad\u0131, di\u011fer Eyaletlerdeki sultanl\u0131klar i\u00e7in bir model olarak dikkat \u00e7ekti. Tabii bu modelli\u011fin Singapur\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz b\u00fcrokrasisinin \u00f6rnek al\u0131nmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunu tamamlayacak fakt\u00f6rlerin yani d\u00f6nemin \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevselli\u011fi ile dev\u015firilen maddi kalk\u0131nmayla b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck arz etti\u011fi ortadad\u0131r. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Ebubekir\u2019in di\u011fer sultanlar nezdindeki \u201cstratejik \u00f6nemi\u201d bizatihi sembolik de\u011fer olarak ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemdne kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Bu \u00f6nem nereden geliyordu peki? Ebubekir\u2019in Avrupa ziyaretleri kadar Asya ziyaretleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi me\u015fhurdur. Ancak bu ziyaretler aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemlisi ve sembolik k\u0131ymeti \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan\u0131 ise d\u00f6nemin \u0130ngiliz Krali\u00e7esi Viktorya taraf\u0131ndan kabul edili\u015fidir. Bu s\u0131radan bir ziyaret de\u011fil, yerli bir liderin medeni d\u00fcnyan\u0131n be\u015fi\u011fi \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u201cmedenile\u015fmi\u015f\u201d ve \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrlenmi\u015f\u201d bir \u015fahsiyet oldu\u011funun teyididir asl\u0131nda. Carl A. Trocki\u2019nin (1979) ifade etti\u011fi \u00fczere Krali\u00e7e Viktorya bu \u201cf\u0131rsat\u0131\u201d Ebubekir\u2019e vermi\u015ftir. \u0130ngiliz saray\u0131na ziyareti kadar, Ebubekir\u2019in Ada\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 o d\u00f6nemin k\u00fcresel \u0130ngiliz sermaye \u00e7evreleriyle de ili\u015fkisinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 bir zemini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Keasberry\u2019in a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 okulda ba\u015flayan bireysel modernle\u015fme ser\u00fcveni, \u0130ngiliz kurumlar\u0131yla olan i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve akabinde siyasi bir lider olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, onun yani Ebubekir\u2019in \u015fahs\u0131nda Cohor Malaylar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u0130ngilizlere yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131ran unsurlar\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131k arz etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Daha tahtta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin \u0130ngiliz Valisi Harry Ord, Ebubekir\u2019den Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda \u201cmedeni \u00fclkeler d\u00fczeyindeki\u201d tek Malay sultan\u0131 olarak bahsetmesi herhalde beyaz adamdan al\u0131nabilecek en b\u00fcy\u00fck takdirdi.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
http:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/?aType=haber&ArticleID=205076<\/a><\/b><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                7 Nisan 2012 Ebubekir ve Cohor ili\u015fkisine kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden devam ediyoruz… Cohor Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zelinde Yar\u0131mada\u2019daki Malay y\u00f6netimlerinde ba\u015fg\u00f6steren modernle\u015fme e\u011filimleri i\u00e7erisinde Sultan Ebubekir\u2019in rol\u00fc \u00fczerinde durmaya devam ediyoruz. Ya\u015fam\u0131, e\u011filimleri ve y\u00f6netimi ile halk\u0131n\u0131n kaderini etkilemi\u015f bir lider olan Ebubekir\u2019le ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizi ortaya koyarken, tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi e\u011fitim ve yeti\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-malezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1055"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1055\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}